scholarly journals Modeling Sediment Yields and Stream Stability Due to Sediment-Related Disaster in Shihmen Reservoir Watershed in Taiwan

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jia Chiu ◽  
Hong-Yuan Lee ◽  
Tse-Lin Wang ◽  
Junyang Yu ◽  
Ying-Tien Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Bed Erosion ◽  
Shihmen Reservoir ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Reservoir Watershed ◽  
High Degree

Accurate and reliable estimates of sediment yields from a watershed and identification of unstable stream reaches due to sediment-related disaster are crucial for watershed management, disaster prevention, and hazard mitigation purposes. In this study, we added hydrodynamic and sediment transport modules in a recently developed model to estimate sediment yields and identify the unstable stream reaches in a large-scale watershed (> 100km2). The calibrated and verified models can well reproduce the flow discharge and sediment discharge at the study site, the Shihmen Reservoir Watershed in Taiwan, during several typhoon events. For the scenario applications, the results revealed that the contribution (> 96%) of landslides on sediment supply is much more significant than compared to soil erosion (< 4%). The sediment contribution from the upstream of the hydrological station-Yufeng is approximately 36–55% of the total sediment supply for the rainfall events of 25, 50, 100, and 200 years return period. It also indicates that 22–52% of sediment still remain at foot of the slope and the streams, which become a potential source for sediment hazards in the future. Combining with the bed erosion and deposition depths, flow-induced shear stress from the SRH-2D model, and probability of slope failure within 250 m of stream reaches, the relatively stability of stream reaches can be identified. The results could provide the water resource authorities for reference to take precautionary measures in advance on the stream reaches with high-degree instability.

scholarly journals Use of a total station to monitor post-failure sediment yields in landslide sites of the Shihmen reservoir watershed, Taiwan

Geomorphology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139-140 ◽  
pp. 438-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong-Xian Tsai ◽  
Gene J.-Y. You ◽  
Hong-Yuan Lee ◽  
Yu-Jia Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Total Station ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Shihmen Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Watershed

scholarly journals Improvement of the K-Factor of USLE and Soil Erosion Estimation in Shihmen Reservoir Watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bor-Shiun Lin ◽  
Chun-Kai Chen ◽  
Kent Thomas ◽  
Chen-Kun Hsu ◽  
Hsing-Chuan Ho
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
K Factor ◽  
Shihmen Reservoir ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reservoir Watershed

The estimation of soil erosion in Taiwan and many countries of the world is based on the widely used universal soil loss equation (USLE), which includes the factor of soil erodibility (K-factor). In Taiwan, K-factor values are referenced from past research compiled in the Taiwan Soil and Water Conservation Manual, but there is limited data for the downstream area of the Shihmen reservoir watershed. The designated K-factor from the manual cannot be directly applied to large-scale regional levels and also cannot distinguish and clarify the difference of soil erosion between small field plots or subdivisions. In view of the above, this study establishes additional values of K-factor by utilizing the double rings infiltration test and measures of soil physical–chemical properties and increases the spatial resolution of K-factor map for Shihmen reservoir watershed. Furthermore, the established values of K-factors were validated with the designated value set at Fuxing Sanmin from the manual for verifying the correctness of estimates. It is found that the comparative results agree well with established estimates within an allowable error range. Thus, the K-factors established by this study update the previous K-factor system and can be spatially estimated for any area of interest within the Shihmen reservoir watershed and improving upon past limitations.

The academic profession in Russia’s two capitals: The impact of 20 years of transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Sivak ◽  
Maria Yudkevich
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Personal Strain ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Russian Universities

This paper studies the dynamics of key characteristics of the academic profession in Russia based on the analysis of university faculty in the two largest cities in Russia – Moscow and St Petersburg. We use data on Russian university faculty from two large-scale comparative studies of the academic profession (‘The Carnegie Study’ carried out in 1992 in 14 countries, including Russia, and ‘The Changing Academic Profession Study’, 2007–2012, with 19 participating countries and which Russia joined in 2012) to look at how faculty’s characteristics and attitudes toward different aspects of their academic life changed over 20 years (1992–2011) such as faculty’s views on reasons to leave or to stay at a university, on university’s management and the role of faculty in decision making. Using the example of universities in the two largest Russian cities, we demonstrate that the high degree of overall centralization of governance in Russian universities barely changed in 20 years. Our paper provides comparisons of teaching/research preferences and views on statements concerning personal strain associated with work, academic career perspectives, etc., not only in Russian universities between the years 1992 and 2012, but also in Russia and other ‘Changing Academic Profession’ countries.

Research on Moving Target Monitoring Collaborative Simulation Technology Based on Multi-Channel

2010 ◽  
Vol 20-23 ◽  
pp. 700-705
Author(s):  
Tian Yuan ◽  
Shang Guan Wei ◽  
Zhi Zhong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Target Space ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Simulation Technology ◽  
Collaborative Simulation ◽  
Mobile Target ◽  
Target Monitoring ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom ◽  
High Degree

Multi-channel Virtual reality simulation technology is a kind of simulation technology, which support the grand scene and high degree of immersion, has better visualization effect. In this paper, a moving target monitoring collaboratory simulation technology based on multi-channel is studied. Firstly, study the mathematical modeling foundation of Multi-Channel technology systematically, based on the mobile target spatial model and co-simulation technology, select the appropriate applications of multi-channel technology, building laboratory simulation platform and achieved a space-based six-degree of freedom simulation of multi-channel moving target monitoring simulation. The experiment has proved that in multi-channel target monitoring co-simulation technology used in this paper has strong practicality, combine with a moving target-space model and co-simulation technology, the advantages of objective observation to solve the requirements like large-scale, realism, immersion requirements, etc.

scholarly journals Wavelet Support Vector Machines for Forecasting Precipitation in Tropical Cyclones: Comparisons with GSVM, Regression, and MM5

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
State University ◽  
Rainfall Prediction ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Shihmen Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Watershed ◽  
Lag Times

Abstract This study presents two support vector machine (SVM) based models for forecasting hourly precipitation during tropical cyclone (typhoon) events. The two SVM-based models are the traditional Gaussian kernel SVMs (GSVMs) and the advanced wavelet kernel SVMs (WSVMs). A comparison between the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) and statistical models, including SVM-based models and linear regressions (regression), was made in terms of performance of rainfall prediction at the Shihmen Reservoir watershed in Taiwan. Data from 73 typhoons affecting the Shihmen Reservoir watershed were included in the analysis. This study designed six attribute combinations with different lag times for the forecast target. The modified RMSE, bias, and estimated threat score (ETS) results were employed to assess the predicted outcomes. Results show that better attribute combinations for typhoon climatologic characteristics and typhoon precipitation predictions occurred at 0-h lag time with modified RMSE values of 0.288, 0.257, and 0.296 in GSVM, WSVM, and the regression, respectively. Moreover, WSVM having average bias and ETS values close to 1.0 gave better predictions than did the GSVM and regression models. In addition, Typhoons Zeb (1998) and Nari (2001) were selected for comparison between the MM5 model output and the developed statistical models. Results showed that the MM5 tended to overestimate the peak and cumulative rainfall amounts while the statistical models were inclined to yield underestimations.

Landscape analysis through pictorial transects in degraded lands.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Campos ◽  
Jaime Villena ◽  
Marta M. Moreno ◽  
Jesús D. Peco ◽  
Mónica Sánchez-Ormeño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Allochthonous Species ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Good Characterization ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
High Degree

&lt;p&gt;Understanding the dynamics of plant populations and their relationship with the characteristics of the terrain (slope, texture, etc.) and with particular phenomena (erosion, pollution, environmental constrains, etc.) that could affect them is crucial in order to manage regeneration and rehabilitation projects in degraded lands. In recent years, the emphasis has been placed on the observation and assessment of microtopographic drivers as they lead to large-scale phenomena. All the ecological variables that affect a given area are interconnected and the success in unraveling the ecological patterns of operation relies on making a good characterization of all the parameters involved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is especially interesting to study the natural colonization processes that take place in Mediterranean areas with a high degree of seasonality, to whose climatic restrictions, the presence of pollutants and various anthropic actions, can be added. Over these degraded areas, we propose using a new tool, what we have come to call &quot;&lt;strong&gt;pictorial transects&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, that is, one-dimensional artificial transects built from low-scale photographs (2 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) taken along a line of work (transect) where you can see the points where ecological resources are generated, stored and lost, and their fluctuation throughout time. A derivative of these would be the &quot;&lt;strong&gt;green transects&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in which the green color has been discriminated using the open software Image I. It is an inexpensive, fast and straightforward pictorial method that can be used to research and monitor the spatial and temporal fluctuation of the potential input of resources (organic matter, water, fine particles, etc.) to the ecosystem.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The information obtained from pictorial transects not only refers to the measurement of the photosynthetic potential per unit area or the location of the critical points (generate, storage or sink of resources) but also makes it possible to monitor the specific composition of the plant cover. For an appropriate use of this methodology, the criteria to determine the direction and length of the different transects must be previously and carefully established according to the objectives proposed in the study. For example: a radial transect in a salty pond will give us information on the changes in the plant cover as we move away from the center and the salinity decreases. In the same pond, a transect parallel to the shore will give us information on those changes that occur in the vegetation that do not depend on the degree of salinity. There are some cases in which this method could be very useful, as in the natural colonization of a degraded mine site or to assess the progression area affected by allochthonous species or weeds in extensive crops.&lt;/p&gt;

ON METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS OF KAZAKHSTAN FOR UPBRINGING WORK

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Zh. KolumbayevaSh. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Spiritual Renewal ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The University ◽  
High Degree

Globalization, informatization, digitalization, led to large-scale changes that have problematized the modern process of upbringing. The modern practice of upbringing in Kazakhstan is aimed at solving the problem of forming an intellectual nation. The key figure in the upbringing process is the teacher. The modernization of public consciousness taking place in Kazakhstan, the renewal of both the content of education and the system of upbringing require understanding not only the content, but also the methodology of the professional training of teachers for the upbringing of children, for the organization of the upbringing system in educational organizations. We believe that the analysis of traditional and clarification of modern methodological foundations of professional training of future teachers of Kazakhstan for upbringing work will give us the opportunity to develop a strategy for training future teachers in the conditions of spiritual renewal of Kazakhstan's society. The article reveals the experience of Abai KazNPU. As a result of the conducted research, we came to the conclusion that the process of training a teacher in Kazakhstan, who has a high degree of ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity, requires strengthening the upbringing and socializing components of the educational process of the university. The strategy of professional training of a modern teacher should be a polyparadigmatic concept with the leading role of ideas of personality-oriented, competence paradigm.

scholarly journals Vlsi Interconnection Modelling Using a Finite Element Approach

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-202
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Stratified Medium ◽  
Base Function ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Important Shift

In the last decade, an important shift has taken place in the design of hardware with the advent of smaller and denser integrated circuit packages. Analysis techniques are required to ensure the proper electrical functioning of this hardware. An efficient method is presented to model the parasitic capacitance of VLSI (very large scale integration) interconnections. It is valid for conductors in a stratified medium, which is considered to be a good approximation for theSi−SiO2system of which present day ICs are made. The model approximates the charge density on the conductors as a continuous function on a web of edges. Each base function in the approximation has the form of a “spider” of edges. Here the method used [1] has very low complexity, as compared to other models used previously [2], and achieves a high degree of precision within the range of validity of the stratified medium.

A Large Scale Cross-Validation of Second-Order Personality Structure Defined by the 16PF

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel E. Krug ◽  
Edgar F. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Factor Estimation

The second-order factors structure of the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) was cross-validated on a large sample ( N = 17,381) of normal males and females. Subjects were sampled across a broad range of ages, socioeconomic levels, education, geographic location, and ethnicity. The purposes of this investigation were (1) to provide a precise definition of 16PF second-order factor structure, (2) to shed additional light on the nature of two second-order factors that have been previously identified but described as “unstable” and “poorly reproduced,” and (3) to determine the extent to which common factor estimation formulas for men and women would prove satisfactory for applied work. The resulting solutions were congruent with previous studies and showed a high degree of simple structure. Support was provided for one, but not both, of the two additional second-order factors. Results also supported the use of simplified estimation formulas for applied use.

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