Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater and Dominant Water–Rock Interactions in the Delingha Area, Qaidam Basin, Northwest China

Groundwater is undoubtedly important for water supplies and eco-environment protection, especially for arid and semi-arid regions. Analyzing the characteristics and evolution of groundwater is significant for the rational management of groundwater resources. This study investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolutions of groundwater in the Delingha area, northeast of the Qaidam Basin, northwest China, with a total of 123 water samples, including 105 unconfined groundwater samples, 12 confined groundwater samples, and 6 surface water samples. Hydrochemical results showed that the unconfined and confined groundwater presented diversity in ion concentration. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of the unconfined groundwater increased from 146.5 to 8954 mg/L along the groundwater flow direction. The groundwater hydrochemical types were HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg in the mountain front area, SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg and SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg types in the alluvial-lacustrine plain, and Cl·SO4-Na and Cl-Na types in the lacustrine plain. The saturation index showed that parts of the groundwater samples were supersaturated with carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite); however, all the samples were undersaturated with evaporite minerals (halite and gypsum). Groundwater chemical evolution is mainly controlled by evaporite and carbonate mineral dissolutions, aluminosilicates weathering, and cation exchange.

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Application of Multiple Approaches to Investigate the Hydrochemistry Evolution of Groundwater in an Arid Region: Nomhon, Northwestern China

Water ◽

10.3390/w10111667 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1667 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nuan Yang ◽

Guangcai Wang ◽

Zheming Shi ◽

Dan Zhao ◽

Wanjun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Qaidam Basin ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Northwest China ◽

Major And Trace Elements ◽

Alluvial Fan ◽

Hydrogeochemical Processes ◽

Recharge Sources ◽

Gypsum Precipitation

Groundwater is a critical water resource for human survival and economic development in arid and semi-arid areas. It is crucial to understand the groundwater circulation and hydrochemical evolution for sustainable management and utilization of groundwater resources in those areas. To this end, an investigation of the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater was conducted in Nomhon, an arid area located in the Qaidam Basin, northwest China, by using hydrochemical (major and trace elements) and stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) approaches. Stable isotopes and ion ratios were analyzed to determine the recharge sources, hydrochemistry characteristics, and major hydrogeochemical processes. Meanwhile, inverse geochemistry modeling was applied to quantitatively determine the mass transfer of hydrogeochemical processes. The results showed that groundwater in the study area is mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation in mountainous areas, and the groundwater in the center of basin might originate from ancient water in cold and humid environments. Along the groundwater flow path, the TDS of groundwater increased gradually from fresh to salty (ranging from 462.50 to 19,604.40 mg/L), and the hydrochemical type changed from Cl·HCO3–Na·Mg·Ca to Cl–Na. Groundwater chemical composition and mass balance modeling results indicated that from alluvial fan to lacustrine plain, the main hydrogeochemical processes changed from the dissolution of halite and albite and the precipitation of dolomite and kaolinite to the dissolution of halite and gypsum, precipitation of calcite, redox (SO42− reduction), and cation exchange. This study would be helpful for water resources management in this area and other similar areas.

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Hydrochemical and Quality Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Al-Madinah City, Western Saudi Arabia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12083106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 3106

Author(s):

Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi ◽

Anwar A. Aly ◽

Sami Ali Aldhumri ◽

Fahad N. Al-Barakaha

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Fecal Coliform ◽

High Salinity ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Class V ◽

Permissible Limits ◽

Salinity Hazard ◽

Drinking Purposes ◽

Microbial Characteristics ◽

Groundwater Samples

Fifty-four groundwater samples were collected from Hamra Alasad in Al-Madinah City. The chemical and microbial characteristics of the samples were analyzed and compared with their respective standards. The results revealed that 90.7% of the samples showed higher amounts of NO3. However, 59.3% of the samples were found unfit for irrigation purposes due to a high salinity hazard. Most of the groundwater samples were highly saline, yet no sodicity hazards were anticipated as predicted by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Generally, the soluble cations and anions, dissolved salts, boron, and NO3− exceeded the maximum permissible limits for drinking water in most of the samples; however, Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr were within the permissible limits. Furthermore, 42.6%, 24.1%, 18.5%, 14.8%, 1.9%, and 37.0% of the samples were infected by a total coliforms group, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., and Shigilla sp., respectively. The water quality index revealed that 3.7% of the samples were good for drinking (class II), and 9.3% were very poor (class IV). The remaining samples were unfit for drinking (class V) due to high salinity and/or microbial contamination. Durov and Piper diagrams revealed that the majority of water samples were of the calcium sulfate–chloride type. Overall, 87% of water samples were inappropriate for drinking purposes, while 77.8% were unsuitable for irrigation.

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ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUND WATER UNDER SOME URBAN AREAS WITHIN SANA’A SECRETERIAT

Eclética Química Journal ◽

10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v35.1.2010.p77-84 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wadie S.T AL- Ariqi ◽

Abduljalil A.D.S Ghaleb

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Ground Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Saturation Index ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Base Exchange ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Almost All

Groundwater from nine wells of three different districts, located at Sana’a secretariat was analyzed for hydrochemical quality assessment. Measurements of water quality parameters including pH, EC, CO32-, HCO3-,Cl-,NO3-,SO4 2-,Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, K+, and Na+ were carried out . Classification of the groundwater samples according to Cl, SO4 2-, CO32- and HCO3-, hardness(H), total dissolved solids (TDS), base-exchange, and meteoric genesis was demonstrated. Suitability of ground water samples for irrigation and industrial uses according to sodium adsorption ration (SAR), ratio of dissolved sodium (RDS), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and saturation index (SI) was also investigated. The results of this study showed that almost all ground water samples were of good quality that makes them suitable for drinking and domestic uses. Results also indicated that even though some of the ground water samples were suitable for irrigation purposes, almost all of them were found not be good for industrial uses. Despite all drawbacks of the sewerage system built around Sana’a secretariat at the beginning of the first decade of the third millennium, the results of this study indicate that there is scope of significant improvement in Sana’a secretariat ground water quality.

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Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, China

Water ◽

10.3390/w11081577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1577 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zongjun Gao ◽

Jiutan Liu ◽

Jianguo Feng ◽

Min Wang ◽

Guangwei Wu

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Saturation Index ◽

Social Economy ◽

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Mixed Types ◽

Better Than

The alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province is an important agricultural economic zone and energy base in Shandong Province. Groundwater plays an extremely significant role in the development of the regional social economy. In this study, 50 sets of water samples, collected from 25 wells during October 2016 and June 2017, were utilized to determine the hydrogeochemistry and the suitability of groundwater in the alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province for different applications, such as drinking and irrigation. Most of the water samples could be classified as hard-fresh water or hard-brackish water, and the dominant water types were HCO3-Na and mixed types. Water-rock interactions and evaporation were the dominant controlling factors in the formation of the hydrochemical components in the groundwater. Dissolutions of silicate, calcite, dolomite, and gypsum are the major reactions contributing and defining the groundwater chemistry in this plain. Moreover, cation exchange is a non-negligible hydrogeochemical process in this plain. Calculated saturation index (SI) values indicate that aragonite, calcite and dolomite are saturated, while the SI values for gypsum and halite are unsaturated. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the groundwater quality ranges from excellent to very poor. More than 50% of all groundwater samples from 2016 are categorized as poor or very poor, suggesting that the water from these wells is not suitable for drinking. According to the sodium adsorption ratio and percentage sodium, most of the samples are suitable for agricultural irrigation. Overall, the quality of the groundwater in 2017 was found to be better than in 2016.

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GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES AT THE WESTERN PORTION OF THE RIVER NILE– MINIA DISTRICT- EGYPT

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i4.2018.1667 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 325-339

Author(s):

Mamdouh Salama Morsi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Quality Assessment ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

River Nile ◽

Groundwater Quality Assessment ◽

Quaternary Aquifer ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Western Portion

The main goal of this research is assessment the groundwater resources for irrigation purposes at the western portion of the River Nile –Minia district- Egypt. The research depend on representation and calculation the resulted of chemical analysis of 96 groundwater samples collected from 96 pumping well During autumns 2011 from quaternary aquifer. the resulted reviled that; 25% of groundwater samples within the range of none restriction on use and the rest are margin according TDS content, most of samples are good for irrigation in all soils as they located in classes (C2-S1) and (C3-S1) and suitable for irrigation all crops as belong to SAR values and RSC hazard. But it restricted by boron ion concentration.

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Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Hazard by Nitrate in Samas Area, Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Journal of Applied Geology ◽

10.22146/jag.30256 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thilavanh Souvannachith ◽

Doni Prakasa Eka Putra ◽

Heru Hendrayana

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Contamination ◽

Water Samples ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability ◽

Nitrate Contamination ◽

High Class ◽

Settlement Area ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Potential Map

Groundwater resource is an essential for various purposes in Bantul district, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, especially on Poncosari village where the water supply are depending on shallow groundwater resources. On this village, most of the houses using dug wells to provide their water needs and applying inappropriate on-site sanitation system, however there are also difference land uses. This condition increase the hazard of groundwater contamination by fecal coli bacteria and nitrate. Therefore, this research aims in term of three main objectives: ﬁrstly, to know the level of nitrate concentration in groundwater, secondly, to assess groundwater vulnerability and thirdly, to assess the level of groundwater contaminant hazard. Hydrogeology observation was conducted and 47 water samples (44 groundwater samples and 3 surface water samples) were collected from different land use type and analyze for nitrate (NO 3) content. Methodology used to assess the groundwater vulnerability was Simple Vertical Vulnerability method and the groundwater contamination hazard built based on the combination of groundwater vulnerability and nitrate loading potential map. Results show that groundwater concentrations of nitrate range from 0.09–74.80 mg/L and the highest concentration found in the settlement area. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability reveals three areas of moderate, moderate high and high classes of vulnerability due to shallow groundwater and the sandy dominated overlying material in the study area. Combination of groundwater vulnerability and nitrate loading potential map indicated that groundwater contaminant hazard of nitrate range from low to high class. High class of hazard located in the settlement area, and low hazard of nitrate contamination found in the irrigated rice ﬁeld area

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Effect of Urban Wastewater on the Quality of Ground Water in Mysuru City, India

IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) ◽

10.21013/jas.v4.n1.p13 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abhilash M R ◽

Shiva Kumar D ◽

Srikantaswamy S

Keyword(s):

Ground Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Major Ions ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Saturation Index ◽

Capital City ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Saturation Indices ◽

Base Exchange

<div>The Mysuru is a unique city and was the capital city of former princely state of Karnataka, and its groundwater resources are developed for water supply and irrigation purposes. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in study area, 07 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various Secondary parameters. Including Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as Sodium Absorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Permeability Index, Corrosivity Ratio, Indices of Base exchange, CaCO3 Saturation Indices, Gibb’s plot of determining the Mechanisms controlling ground water Chemistry, Handa’s Classifications, USSL Clasifications , CaCO3 Saturation Indices and Stuyzfzand’s were determined and the indices were calculated. Based on the analytical results, groundwater in the area is generally fresh and hard to very hard. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: HCO3 > SO4 > Cl and Ca > Mg > Na > K. The dominant hydrochemical facieses of groundwater is Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. The results of calculation saturation index by basic computer program HYCY shows that the nearly all of the water samples were saturated to under saturated with respect to carbonate minerals and under saturated with respect to sulfate minerals. Assessment of water samples from various methods indicated that groundwater in study area is chemically not suitable for drinking and agricultural uses. </div>

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Trace and rare earth element geochemistry of Jurassic mudstones in the northern Qaidam Basin, northwest China

Geochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.chemer.2011.12.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 245-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Jian Cao ◽

Ming Wu ◽

Yan Chen ◽

Kai Hu ◽

Lizeng Bian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Element ◽

Earth Element ◽

Qaidam Basin ◽

Northwest China ◽

Element Geochemistry

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Hydrogeochemistry and Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in the Southern Part of the Yellow River Alluvial Plain (Zhongwei Section), Northwest China

Earth Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.15446/esrj.v18n1.34048 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 27-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Peiyue Li ◽

Jianhua Wu ◽

Hui Qian

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Yellow River ◽

Saturation Index ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Northwest China ◽

Alluvial Plain ◽

Total Hardness ◽

The Yellow River ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Mineralized Water

Statistical analyses, a Piper diagram, the saturation index and the correlations of chemical parameters were used to reveal the hydrogeochemistry and hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater in the southern part of the Zhongwei section of the Yellow River alluvial plain. The water quality for agricultural and domestic uses was also assessed in the study. The results suggest that the shallow groundwater in the study area is fresh to moderately mineralized water. Higher Ca2+ and HCO3- are observed in the less mineralized water, whereas Na+ and SO42- are common ions in the highly mineralized water. The major hydrochemical facies for groundwater with total dissolved solids (TDS) <1 g/L are HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3-Ca·Na·Mg, and for groundwater with TDS > 1 g/L, SO4·Cl-Na and SO4·Cl-Na·Mg·Ca are the predominant hydrochemical types. The main reactions in the groundwater system are the dissolution/precipitation of gypsum, fluorite, halite, calcite and dolomite. Cation exchange is also important in controlling the groundwater chemistry. The water samples assessed in the paper are of acceptable quality for agricultural use, but most of them are not fit for direct human consumption (drinking). TDS, total hardness (TH), Cl- and SO42- are the main indices that result in the poor drinking water quality. ResumenAnálisis estadísticos, un diagrama de Piper, el índice de saturación y la correlación de los parámetros químicos fueron utilizados para revelar la hidrogeoquímica y la evolución hidrogeoquímica de las aguas subterráneas poco profundas en la parte sur de la sección Zhongwei en la planicie aluvial del río Amarillo. La calidad del agua para el uso doméstico y agrícola también fue evaluada en este estudio. Los resultados sugieren que las aguas subterráneas poco profundas en el área de estudio son entre frescas y moderadamente mineralizadas. Un índice mayor de Ca2+ y HCO3- se observó en las aguas menos mineralizadas, mientras que Na+ y SO42- son iones comunes en las aguas altamente mineralizadas. Los perfiles hidroquímicos predominantes para las aguas subterráneas con Total de Sólidos Disueltos (TDS) <1 g/L son HCO3-Ca·Mg y HCO3-Ca·Na·Mg, y para las aguas subterráneas con TDS >1 g/L, SO4·Cl-Na y SO4·Cl-Na·Mg·Ca. Las mayores reacciones en el sistema de aguas subterráneas son la disolución/ precipitación de yeso, fluorita, halita, calcita y dolomita. El intercambio de cationes también es importante en el control de la química de las aguas subterráneas. Las muestras de agua evaluadas en este manuscrito son de calidad aceptable para el uso agrícola, pero la mayoría no son aptas para el consumo humano. El índice TDS, la dureza total del agua (TH), Cl- y SO42- son las razones principales que influyen en la baja calidad de esta agua.

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Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater mixing close to an oil field: an example from Asmari karstic aquifer, Khuzestan, Iran

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2017.090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 357-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Rouhi ◽

N. Kalantari

Keyword(s):

Saline Water ◽

Flow Direction ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Relative Concentration ◽

Major Elements ◽

Oil Field ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Karstic Aquifer ◽

Volume Percentage ◽

Bromide Ion

Abstract Both carbonate (as the oil-gas reservoir) and evaporite rocks (as caprock) coexist in the Masjed Soleyman oil field. The Asmari karstic aquifer is formed within Oligo-Miocene carbonate rocks in the south of the oil reservoir. A mixing between fresh karstic groundwater and oil-field brines is to be expected because of underground migration of the brines toward the aquifer. This process can reduce the groundwater quality by both increasing the water salinity and by adding hydrocarbon and sulfur contaminants into the groundwater. Tembi river contains saline water that can affect groundwater resources. Leaking of these brines into the aquifer was distinguished using total dissolved solids, the relative concentration of major elements, bromide ion (as a trace element), total organic carbon, ion ratios, and mixing curve diagrams. The polluted zone was determined by tracking the hydrochemistry changes across the groundwater flow direction. The volume percentage of different water sources in mixed groundwater was calculated and validated using PHREEQC software. The results revealed that the contribution of the oil-field brine in the groundwater is much lower than the salty river brine, but even this low amount has a considerable impact on water quality by increasing water salinity and adding hydrocarbon and sulfur into the groundwater.

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