scholarly journals Desorption of Organic Micropollutants from Loaded Granular Activated Carbon

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Daniela Reif ◽  
Ernis Saracevic ◽  
Monika Šabić Runjavec ◽  
Julia Haslinger ◽  
Heidemarie Schaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
The Impact

The loading of granular activated carbon (GAC) is influenced by the amount of water treated and the concentrations of adsorbates present in the water matrix. Through extraction experiments, we aimed to investigate the total adsorbed mass of eight organic micropollutants by using ethanol as solvent and the maximum possible concentrations, due to the desorption of organic micropollutants, in water. Three different drying methods and the impact of the contact time, GAC particle size, and GAC/solvent ratio were investigated. Although no significant differences between the drying methods could be observed, the chosen contact time and particle size had a significant impact on the amount of organic micropollutants extracted. Lower GAC/solvent ratios positively affected the extraction yield. The masses extracted in ethanol were compared with the cumulated masses calculated from 72 feed and effluent samples, collected during filter operation, resulting in extraction yields between 0.5% and 30%. The composition of extracted micropollutants in ethanol reflected the concentrations in feed water of the pilot-scale filter. Desorption in water was mostly influenced by the solubility of the investigated micropollutants. The same substances found in the supernatants inf the experiments could also be identified in the backwash water of the filter.

scholarly journals Removal of bromide and bromate from drinking water using granular activated carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-qing Zhang ◽  
Qing-ping Wu ◽  
Ju-mei Zhang ◽  
Xiu-hua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

Granular activated carbon (GAC) was used to remove bromide (Br−) and bromate (BrO3−) from drinking water in both bench- and pilot-scale experiments. The present study aims to minimize BrO3− formation and eliminate BrO3− generated during the ozonation of drinking water, particularly in packaged drinking water. Results show that the Br− and BrO3− levels in GAC-treated water decreased in both bench- and pilot-scale experiments. In the bench-scale experiments, when the empty bed contact time (EBCT) was 5 min, the highest reduction rates of Br− in the mineral and ultrapure water were found to be 74.9% and 91.2%, respectively, and those of BrO3− were 94.4% and 98.8%, respectively. The GAC capacity for Br− and BrO3− removal increased with the increase in EBCT. Reduction efficiency was better in ultrapure water than in mineral water. In the pilot-scale experiments, the minimum reduction rates of Br− and BrO3− were 38.5% and 73.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals Pilot-scale removal of organic micropollutants and natural organic matter from drinking water using ozonation followed by granular activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Ullberg ◽  
Elin Lavonen ◽  
Stephan J. Köhler ◽  
Oksana Golovko ◽  
Karin Wiberg
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Scale Removal

Conventional drinking water treatment is inefficient in removing a large fraction of known organic micropollutants (OMPs). Ozonation in combination with granular activated carbon is a promising approach for addressing this issue.

scholarly journals Ricinus CommunisPericarp Activated Carbon Used as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Ni(II) From Aqueous Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Madhavakrishnan ◽  
K. Manickavasagam ◽  
K. Rasappan ◽  
P. S. Syed Shabudeen ◽  
R. Venkatesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Initial Ph

Activated carbon prepared from Ricinus communis Pericarp was used to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solution by adsorption. Batch mode adsorption experiments are carried out by varying contact time, metal-ion concentration, carbon concentration and pH to assess kinetic and equilibrium parameters. The adsorption data were modeled by using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity (Qo) calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 31.15 mg/g of activated carbon at initial pH of 5.0±0.2 for the particle size 125-250 µm.

Changes in Particle Size Distributions on a Fixed Bed of Granular Activated Carbon

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Shpirt ◽  
K. T. Alben
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Particle

The particle size distribution at different bed depths of a fixed bed of granular activated carbon (GAC) has been monitored during 50 weeks of a pilot column run at the Waterford, New York potable water treatment plant. Initial backwashing resulted in significant stratification of GAC in the column: larger particles (average diameter 1.18 mm) settled in the bottom of the column (105 cm), and smaller particles (average diameter 0.97 mm) were concentrated near the top (24 cm), compared to samples of unstratified virgin Calgon F400 (average diameter 1.09 mm). During column loading and initial backwashing, more fines were created than were present in the virgin GAC (average 6.5% of GAC fines in the > 40 mesh fraction, compared to only 0.3% in the > 40 mesh fraction for virgin Calgon F400). After 50 weeks of service there was an overall trend toward a smaller average particle size (0.9 mm) with development of a more regular pattern of bed stratification (1.08 mm at the bottom and 0.75 mm at the top). These changes are attributed to breaking of large particles (12-20 mesh) and creation of intermediate size particles (20-30 and 30-40 mesh).

Pilot Scale Studies of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol Removal

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Vik ◽  
R. Storhaug ◽  
H. Naes ◽  
H. C. Utkilen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ozonation Process ◽  
Organic Oxidation ◽  
Water Blooms

Water blooms of O.bornettii, a producer of off-flavour compounds, occasionally occur in Lake Mjoesa. Accordingly a new water works is planned to alleviate the associated taste and odour problems. A pilot plant was constructed in 1985 and a continuous water treatment study was performed over a one year period. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was compared with ozonation-GAC. Filtrasorb-400 was used and the empty-bed contact-time of the GAC-filters was 21 min. The ozone dosage varied from 2 to 5 mg O3/l. To simulate water blooms, commercially produced geosmin and 2-methyliso-borneol (MIB) were added to the water in concentrations from 10 to 190 ng/l. A slightly higher TOC-uptake was seen in the ozonation-GAC combination. This may indicate that the ozonation process is forming organic oxidation products that are competing with the geosmin and MIB for adsorption sites in the GAC-filter.

scholarly journals Measurement of Biocolloid Collision Efficiencies for Granular Activated Carbon by Use of a Two-Layer Filtration Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 5190-5196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Paramonova ◽  
Erica L. Zerfoss ◽  
Bruce E. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Bacteriophage Ms2 ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Effective Particle ◽  
Filtration Model

ABSTRACT Point-of-use filters containing granular activated carbon (GAC) are an effective method for removing certain chemicals from water, but their ability to remove bacteria and viruses has been relatively untested. Collision efficiencies (α) were determined using clean-bed filtration theory for two bacteria (Raoutella terrigena 33257 and Escherichia coli 25922), a bacteriophage (MS2), and latex microspheres for four GAC samples. These GAC samples had particle size distributions that were bimodal, but only a single particle diameter can be used in the filtration equation. Therefore, consistent with previous reports, we used a particle diameter based on the smallest diameter of the particles (derived from the projected areas of 10% of the smallest particles). The bacterial collision efficiencies calculated using the filtration model were high (0.8 ≤ α ≤ 4.9), indicating that GAC was an effective capture material. Collision efficiencies greater than unity reflect an underestimation of the collision frequency, likely as a result of particle roughness and wide GAC size distributions. The collision efficiencies for microspheres (0.7 ≤ α ≤ 3.5) were similar to those obtained for bacteria, suggesting that the microspheres were a reasonable surrogate for the bacteria. The bacteriophage collision efficiencies ranged from ≥0.2 to ≤0.4. The predicted levels of removal for 1-cm-thick carbon beds ranged from 0.8 to 3 log for the bacteria and from 0.3 to 1.0 log for the phage. These tests demonstrated that GAC can be an effective material for removal of bacteria and phage and that GAC particle size is a more important factor than relative stickiness for effective particle removal.

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