scholarly journals Coastal Dynamic and Evolution: Case Studies from Different Sites around the World

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2829
Author(s):  
Angela Rizzo ◽  
Giorgio Anfuso
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Coastal Dynamic ◽  
Methodological Approaches

In recent decades, coastal areas have experienced a progressive increase in erosion and flooding processes as a consequence of the combined effect of natural factors and strong human pressures. These processes are particularly evident on low-lying areas and are expected to be exacerbated by the ongoing climate change, which will impact the littorals both in the short term, by affecting the duration and frequency of storms, and in the long term, by inducing variation in the sea-level position. In this context, this Special Issue is devoted to collecting geomorphological studies on coastal dynamic and evolution by means of multidisciplinary research methodologies and investigations, which represent a very useful set of information for supporting the integrated management of coastal zone. The volume includes 14 papers addressing three main topics (i) shoreline characterization, dynamic and evaluation; (ii) coastal hazard evaluation and impact assessment of marine events; and (iii) relevance of sediment collection and analysis for beach nourishment. Case studies from Russia, Italy, California (USA), Morocco, Spain, Indonesia, Ireland and Colombia are shown in the Special Issue, giving to the reader a wide overview of coastal settings and methodological approaches.

Intraindividual Variability and Stability of Affect and Well-Being

GeroPsych ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Annette Brose
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Underlying Processes

Whereas subjective well-being remains relatively stable across adulthood, emotional experiences show remarkable short-term variability, with younger and older adults differing in both amount and correlates. Repeatedly assessed affect data captures both the dynamics and stability as well as stabilization that may indicate emotion-regulatory processes. The article reviews (1) research approaches to intraindividual affect variability, (2) functional implications of affect variability, and (3) age differences in affect variability. Based on this review, we discuss how the broader literature on emotional aging can be better integrated with theories and concepts of intraindividual affect variability by using appropriate methodological approaches. Finally, we show how a better understanding of affect variability and its underlying processes could contribute to the long-term stabilization of well-being in old age.

scholarly journals Development of a management tool for reservoirs in Mediterranean environments based on uncertainty analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1789-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gómez-Beas ◽  
A. Moñino ◽  
M. J. Polo
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reservoir Watershed ◽  
Supply Capacity

Abstract. In compliance with the development of the Water Framework Directive, there is a need for an integrated management of water resources, which involves the elaboration of reservoir management models. These models should include the operational and technical aspects which allow us to forecast an optimal management in the short term, besides the factors that may affect the volume of water stored in the medium and long term. The climate fluctuations of the water cycle that affect the reservoir watershed should be considered, as well as the social and economic aspects of the area. This paper shows the development of a management model for Rules reservoir (southern Spain), through which the water supply is regulated based on set criteria, in a sustainable way with existing commitments downstream, with the supply capacity being well established depending on demand, and the probability of failure when the operating requirements are not fulfilled. The results obtained allowed us: to find out the reservoir response at different time scales, to introduce an uncertainty analysis and to demonstrate the potential of the methodology proposed here as a tool for decision making.

Integrating Vocational Rehabilitation Into Treatment Programs: Two Case Studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Randell ◽  
Lorinda Arella ◽  
Sherry Deren ◽  
Charles Lyles ◽  
Mary Ellen Winfield
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Vocational Services ◽  
Vocational Programming ◽  
Long Term Impact

This paper describes an intervention designed to enhance the integration of vocational services in an outpatient treatment setting. The position of “vocational integrator” was created and implemented in two clinics to (a) raise the importance of vocational services, (b) develop vocational skills and resources available to staff, and (c) review and implement policies to facilitate vocational programming. The sequence of tasks necessary to develop and implement this position, and issues arising for the integrators and the clinics are described. Results indicated that some short term increases in vocational activities were found, and a longer time period may be needed to assess the long term impact of this type of intervention.

An Agenda For Econometric Model Building

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 123-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Granato
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Residual Correction ◽  
Statistical Criteria

This article addresses the lack of cohesion in econometric model building. This incoherence contributes to model building based on statistical criteria—correcting residuals—and not theoretical criteria. The models we build, therefore, are not valid replications of theory. To deal with this problem, an agenda for model building is outlined and discussed. Drawing on the methodological approaches of Hendry, Qin, and Favero (1989), Hendry and Richard (1982, 1983), Sargan (1964), and Spanos (1986), this agenda incorporates a “general to simple” modeling philosophy, a battery of diagnostic tests, reduction theory, and the development of models that include short-term and long-term parameters. A comparison is made between a model based on this agenda and a model based on corrected residuals. The findings show that the agenda-based model outperforms the residual correction model.

Change in Grammar

2019 ◽  
pp. 579-603
Author(s):  
Marianne Hundt
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Syntactic Change ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Grammatical Change

The chapter discusses morphological and syntactic change against the backdrop of different theoretical (formal versus functional/usage-based) and methodological approaches (introspection versus corpus data). Specifically, it addresses the question whether grammatical change happens suddenly in a catastrophic resetting of parameters or whether change happens in a more piecemeal, incremental fashion. The case studies that are used to illustrate syntactic demise, innovation, and grammatical revival come from the area of mood (an inflectional category) and modality, notably the grammaticalization of modal verbs. Semi-modals such as (had) better are discussed as examples of constructionalization. Taken together, grammatical changes in mood and modality are ideally suited to exemplify more long-term typological developments in English from a synthetic to a largely analytic language.

Settlements and Resolutions: Consequences of Negotiation Processes in the Laboratory and in the Field

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-338
Author(s):  
Daniel Druckman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Divorce Mediation ◽  
Large N ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Mediation Processes

In their 1994 study of divorce mediation, Kressel and his colleagues distinguished between a problem-solving and a settlement-oriented style of mediation. The former led to more integrative agreements and better long-term relationships between the parties than the latter. This distinction has been a basis for a multi-method research program on negotiation and mediation processes in international relations. We have been exploring the consequences of a variety of indicators for outcomes and post-agreement relations among parties. In the laboratory, we have identified the way that sources of conflict (values and interests) lead to processes with different implications for long-term relationships. In case studies, we have identified the political conditions that produce short-term settlements, or stalemates followed by further escalation. In small-N comparative case studies, we have shown how negotiation process and context operate together to influence post-settlement relations and system change. We used a comparison of the conflicts in Karabakh and Mozambique and three cases of base-rights talks as examples. In large-N aggregate case comparisons, we developed empirical profiles of types of negotiation (e.g., innovation vs. re-distribution) with implications for outcomes and relationships as well as the role played by turning points in projecting a process toward agreement and changing escalatory into de-escalatory processes. The variables identified by these studies are organized in terms of a framework that connects issues and objectives, background factors, and conditions with processes, outcomes, and implementation. The framework shows how these variables can lead to integrative agreements.

The Long-Term Performance of Nuclear Waste Forms: Natural Materials - Three Case Studies

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney C. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Nuclear Waste Forms

ABSTRACTNatural materials may be used to advantage in the evaluation of the long-term performance of nuclear waste forms. Three case studies are presented: (I) radiation effects in ceramic waste forms; (II) corrosion products of U02 under oxic conditions; (III) corrosion rate of nuclear waste glasses. For each case, a natural phase which is structurally and chemically analogous to the waste form is identified and used to evaluate the long-term behavior of a nuclear waste form. Short-term experimental results are compared to the observations made of analogous natural phases. The three case studies illustrate that results may range between providing fundamental data needed for the long-term evaluation of a waste form to only providing qualitative data of limited use. Although in the most rigorous view the long-term behaviour of a phase cannot be predicted, the correspondence between short-term experimental results and observations made of natural phases provides confidence in the “predicted” behavior of the waste form. The strength of this approach rests with the degree to which a mechanistic understanding of the phenomenon is attained.

Financing Digital Product Companies

2010 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Richard B. Carter ◽  
Frederick H. Dark
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Digital Product ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Public Offering

Faced with the prospect of positive and negative network externalities and the all-or-nothing phenomenon, digital product (DP) firms must choose the timing of their capital acquisitions carefully. Moreover, with typically high fixed-to-variable cost ratios, the risk to recovering the initial investment is critical. In this chapter the authors discuss various forms of financing for the DP firm, both short-term and long-term, with these issues in mind. But our primary focus is the initial public offering of equity (IPO) and particularly its timing. Through empirical analysis and case studies we show that if DP firms issue too early in their life cycle they may receive a price for their shares that is not commensurate with long-term prospects. However, issuing too late may mean that they either cannot sell shares or are unable to recover their initial investment.

scholarly journals Understanding the links between social ties and fitness over the life cycle in primates

Behaviour ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 859-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Early Life Experience ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract Many studies highlight the correlation between social ties and fitness, yet often cannot reveal how ties influence fitness. This review is aimed to facilitate the formulation and testing of hypotheses in this area on non-human primates. I outline fitness-relevant measures of social ties and 6 potential pathways from ties to fitness. Pathways include communal care; group level cooperation for resources; monopolizing resources within groups; attaining social status; reducing risk and allostatic load; and developing behavioural competence. Hypotheses for further evaluation include (1) fitness increases sociality, not vice versa; (2) early life experience influences both ties and fitness, (3) ties are actually costly; (4) short term costs of ties are outweighed by long term benefits. With the advance of theoretical and methodological approaches to evaluate the costs and benefits of social ties, and monitor them at multi-generational field sites, primate behavioural ecologists are poised to test several of these hypotheses.

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