scholarly journals A Stepwise GIS Approach for the Delineation of River Valley Bottom within Drainage Basins Using a Cost Distance Accumulation Analysis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Gasper L. Sechu ◽  
Bertel Nilsson ◽  
Bo V. Iversen ◽  
Mette B. Greve ◽  
Christen D. Børgesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Cost Distance ◽  
River Valleys

River valley bottoms have hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological importance and are buffers for protecting the river from upland nutrient loading coming from agriculture and other sources. They are relatively flat, low-lying areas of the terrain that are adjacent to the river and bound by increasing slopes at the transition to the uplands. These areas have under natural conditions, a groundwater table close to the soil surface. The objective of this paper is to present a stepwise GIS approach for the delineation of river valley bottom within drainage basins and use it to perform a national delineation. We developed a tool that applies a concept called cost distance accumulation with spatial data inputs consisting a river network and slope derived from a digital elevation model. We then used wetlands adjacent to rivers as a guide finding the river valley bottom boundary from the cost distance accumulation. We present results from our tool for the whole country of Denmark carrying out a validation within three selected areas. The results reveal that the tool visually performs well and delineates both confined and unconfined river valleys within the same drainage basin. We use the most common forms of wetlands (meadow and marsh) in Denmark’s river valleys known as Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDE) to validate our river valley bottom delineated areas. Our delineation picks about half to two-thirds of these GDE. However, we expected this since farmers have reclaimed Denmark’s low-lying areas during the last 200 years before the first map of GDE was created. Our tool can be used as a management tool, since it can delineate an area that has been the focus of management actions to protect waterways from upland nutrient pollution.

scholarly journals A stepwise GIS approach for the delineation of river valley bottom within drainage basins using a cost distance accumulation analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gasper L. Sechu ◽  
Bertel Nilsson ◽  
Bo V. Iversen ◽  
Mette B. Greve ◽  
Christen D. Børgesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Cost Distance ◽  
River Valleys

Abstract. River valley bottoms have hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological importance and are buffers for protecting the river from upland nutrient loading coming from agriculture and other sources. They are relatively flat, low-lying areas of the terrain that are adjacent to the river and bound by increasing slopes at the transition to the uplands. These areas have under natural conditions, a groundwater table close to the soil surface. The objective of this paper is to present a stepwise GIS approach for the delineation of river valley bottom within drainage basins and use it to perform a national delineation. We developed a tool that applies a concept called cost distance accumulation with spatial data inputs consisting a river network and slope derived from a digital elevation model. We then used wetlands adjacent to rivers as a guide finding the river valley bottom boundary from the cost distance accumulation. We present results from our tool for the whole country of Denmark carrying out a validation within three selected areas. The results reveal that the tool visually performs well and delineates both confined and unconfined river valleys within the same drainage basin. We use the most common forms of wetlands (meadow and marsh) in Denmark's river valleys known as Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDE) to validate our river valley bottom delineated areas. Our delineation picks about half to two-thirds of these GDE. However, we expected this since farmers have reclaimed Denmark's low-lying areas during the last 200 years before the first map of GDE was created. Our tool can be used as a management tool, since it can delineate an area that has been the focus of management actions to protect waterways from upland nutrient pollution.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOGENIC BASIN PARADYNAMIC LANDSCAPE COMPLEXES OF THE RIGHT BANK OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Lavryk O.D. ◽  
Tsymbaliuk V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
River Valleys

The formation of large-scale landscape-technical systems (LTchS), which territorially extended beyond river valleys, complicated the processes of exchange of matter, energy and information between valley-river and watershed types of areas, which led to the emergence of paradynamic landscape complexes of higher taxonomic rank. It is noted that on the territory of the Right Bank of Ukraine a significant number of anthropogenic paradynamic landscape complexes (APDLС) have been formed in the neighboring watersheds, which closely interact with each other. It was found that the formation and functioning of natural paradynamic landscape complexes of different taxonomic rank is due to many paradynamic and paragenetic connections. Longitudinal and anthropogenic paragenetic landscape complexes (APGLС) are characterized by longitudinal and transverse paragenetic connections, which are analyzed on the example of APGLС type "dam - pond - bridge - mill - island". There are three orders of basin APDLС: 1) basin APDLС of the 3rd order originate in the bottom of the river valley and gradually spread to watersheds; 2) basins of APDLС of the 2nd order unite among themselves APDLС which are located along the main stream; 3) basin APDLС of the 1st order arise due to a combination of landscape-technical systems in the valley of the main river with LTchS in the valleys of tributaries. The specifics of the functioning of the complex inter-basin APDLС "LTchS of the Right Bank of Ukraine", which is formed by the landscape and technical systems of the Dnieper, Dniester, Southern Bug, Danube, Vistula and Black Sea rivers, are considered. In each basin there are several centers (regional centers or centers of united territorial communities), which are subordinated to the central place (capital). The relationship between them is provided through a set of mechanical (movement of goods and passengers) and water (transportation of water through canals and water mains) paradynamic connections. Emphasis is placed on modern environmental problems in the catchment areas of the Right Bank of Ukraine. It is concluded that the study of paradynamic and paragenetic relationships within watersheds is aimed at the rational use of natural resources of river valleys. Control over the condition of APDLС should be entrusted to local basin administrations, where the leading role can be assigned to landscape engineers.Key words: anthropogenic landscape, landscape-technical system, paradynamic landscape complex, river valley, drainage basin. Формування значних за площею ландшафтно-технічних систем (ЛТчС), які територіально виходили за межі річкових долин, ускладнило процеси обміну речовиною, енергією та інформацією між долинно-річковими та вододільними типами місцевостей, що стало причиною виникнення парадинамічних ландшафтних комплексів вищого таксономічного рангу. Зазначено, що на території Правобережної України сформувалося значна кількість антропогенних парадинамічних ландшафтних комплексів (АПДЛК) у сусідніх водозбірних басейнах, які тісно взаємодіють між собою. Виявлено, що утворення та функціонування природних парадинамічних ландшафтних комплексів різного таксономічного рангу відбувається за рахунок множини парадинамічних і парагенетичних зв’язків. Для долинно-річкових антропогенних парагенетичних ландшафтних комплексів (АПГЛК) є характерними повздовжні та поперечні парагенетичні зв’язки, які проаналізовано на прикладі АПГЛК типу «гребля – ставок – міст – млин – острів». Виокремлено три порядки басейнових АПДЛК: 1) басейнові АПДЛК 3-го порядку зароджуються у днищі річ-кової долини і поступово поширюються на вододіли; 2) басейнові АПДЛК 2-го порядку об’єд-нують між собою АПДЛК, які розташовуються уздовж головного річища; 3) басейнові АПДЛК 1-го порядку виникають за рахунок поєднання ландшафтно-технічних систем у долині головного річища з ЛТчС в долинах приток. Розглянуто специфіку функціонування складного міжбасей-нового АПДЛК «ЛТчС Правобережної України», який сформований ландшафтно-технічними системами басейнів Дніпра, Дністра, Південного Бугу, Дунаю, Вісли та річок Причорномор’я. У кожному басейні виокремлюється кілька осередків (обласні центри або центри об’єднаних територіальних громад), які підпорядковуються центральному місцю (столиці). Взаємозв’язок між ними забезпечується через множину механічних (переміщенням вантажів і пасажирів) і водних (транспортування води каналами і водогонами) парадинамічних зв’язків. Акцентовано увагу на сучасних екологічних проблемах у водозбірних басейнах Правобережної України. Зроблено висновок про те, що дослідження парадинамічних і парагенетичних зв’язків у межах водозбірних басейнів спрямоване на раціональне використання природних ресурсів річкових долин. Контроль за станом АПДЛК має бути покладений на локальні басейнові управління, де провідна роль може відводиться інженерам-ландшафтознавцям.Ключові слова: антропогенний ландшафт, ландшафтно-технічна система, парадинамічний ландшафтний комплекс, річкова долина, водозбірний басейн.

scholarly journals Using Map Interpretation Techniques for Relative Dating to Determine a Western North Dakota and South Dakota Drainage Basin Formation Sequence, Missouri River Drainage Basin, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eric Clausen
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
River System ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Map Interpretation ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
North And South

Map interpretation techniques are used to determine the sequence in which western North and South Dakota erosion events occurred. The map interpretation techniques apply the principle of cross cutting relationships by studying asymmetric drainage divides, barbed tributaries, elbows of capture, drainage divide crossings, abandoned headcuts, and similar features on detailed topographic maps to determine the sequence in which drainage basins and valleys within those drainage basins formed. Detailed topographic maps covering western North and South Dakota show numerous closely spaced divide crossings along drainage divides separating the White, Bad, Cheyenne, Moreau, Grand, Cannonball, Heart, Knife, and Little Missouri Rivers. These divide crossings often form links between opposing northwest- and southeast-oriented tributary stream valleys and provide evidence of multiple closely spaced southeast-oriented flow channels that existed prior to formation of the deeper present day east-, northeast-, and north-oriented river valleys. Numerous barbed tributaries in the form of northwest-oriented tributaries to east- and northeast-oriented rivers (and major tributaries to the mentioned rivers) and southeast-oriented tributaries to the northeast- and north-oriented rivers (and tributaries to the mentioned rivers) suggest the deeper river (and tributary) valleys eroded headward across the southeast-oriented flow channels. Asymmetric drainage divides, barbed tributaries, abandoned headcuts, and elbows of capture demonstrate the southeast-oriented flow, which was most likely in the form of floods of ice-marginal melt water moving between the Black Hills uplift and a continental ice sheet’s southwest margin, was captured in sequence by headward erosion of the White, Bad, Cheyenne, Moreau, Grand, Cannonball, Heart, Knife, and Little Missouri River valleys. This erosion event sequence and its probable cause, determined from the map evidence, has major implications related to what is commonly considered to have been a much larger pre-glacial Bell River system, which included segments of each of the studied river valleys, and for all geologic and glacial history interpretations based on a Bell River system pre-glacial age interpretation. 

DRAINAGE BASIN AS A COMPLEX SOCIO-NATURAL HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
VALERIY BONDAREV
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Large River ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Analysis ◽  
Entire Complex

The theoretical and methodological basis of the systems hierarchical spatial and temporal analysis of a drainage basin, which addresses the problems of effective management in socio-natural systems of different ranks, is considered. It is proposed to distinguish 9 orders of forms that are relevant to the analysis of drainage basins, where the first level is represented by individual aggregates and particles, and the last - by basins of large and the largest rivers. As part of the allocation of geological, historical and modern time intervals, the specificity of the implementation of processes in basins of different scales from changing states, through functioning to evolution is demonstrated. The interrelation of conditions and factors that determine the processes occurring within the drainage basins is revealed. It is shown that a specific combination of conditions and factors that determine processes in the drainage basin is associated with the hierarchy of the objects under consideration, i.e. the choice of a spatial-temporal hierarchical level is crucial for the organization of study within drainage basins. At one hierarchical level, some phenomenon can be considered as a factor, and at another - as a condition. For example, tectonic processes can be considered as an active factor in the evolution of large river basins in the geological perspective, but for small drainage basin, this is already a conservative background condition. It is shown that at the historical time the anthropogenic factor often comes to the fore, with the appearance of which in the functioning of the drainage basin, there is a need to take into account the entire complex of socio-environmental problems that can affect the sustainable state of various territories, especially in the field of water and land use. Hierarchical levels of managing subjects are identified, which are primarily responsible for effective management at the appropriate hierarchical level of the organization of the socio-natural system within the catchment area, starting from an individual to humankind as a whole.

scholarly journals The Role of Communication and Engagement in Airport Noise Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6088
Author(s):  
Graeme Heyes ◽  
Paul Hooper ◽  
Fiona Raje ◽  
Ian Flindell ◽  
Delia Dimitriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Priorities ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Noise Management

Research suggests that non-acoustic factors can have a considerable effect on community attitudes and opinions towards aviation noise and that these can be influenced through processes of communication and engagement. This paper reviews literature from various fields to identify the key elements of effective practice, using them as a lens through which to assess case study noise management actions conducted at European airports. This analysis found that communication and engagement holds significant potential for noise management, but that this remains largely unfulfilled due to such methods being used as an ancillary management activity, rather than as a powerful tool to aid in the design and delivery of noise management actions. A series of recommendations and research priorities are proposed that could shape the future of noise management, including potential changes to European policy that more explicitly advocate for communication and engagement as a noise management tool in its own right.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of North American drainage basins and river discharge since the Last Glacial Maximum

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Wickert
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Isostatic Adjustment ◽  
The North ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. Over the last glacial cycle, ice sheets and the resultant glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) rearranged river systems. As these riverine threads that tied the ice sheets to the sea were stretched, severed, and restructured, they also shrank and swelled with the pulse of meltwater inputs and time-varying drainage basin areas, and sometimes delivered enough meltwater to the oceans in the right places to influence global climate. Here I present a general method to compute past river flow paths, drainage basin geometries, and river discharges, by combining models of past ice sheets, glacial isostatic adjustment, and climate. The result is a time series of synthetic paleohydrographs and drainage basin maps from the Last Glacial Maximum to present for nine major drainage basins – the Mississippi, Rio Grande, Colorado, Columbia, Mackenzie, Hudson Bay, Saint Lawrence, Hudson, and Susquehanna/Chesapeake Bay. These are based on five published reconstructions of the North American ice sheets. I compare these maps with drainage reconstructions and discharge histories based on a review of observational evidence, including river deposits and terraces, isotopic records, mineral provenance markers, glacial moraine histories, and evidence of ice stream and tunnel valley flow directions. The sharp boundaries of the reconstructed past drainage basins complement the flexurally smoothed GIA signal that is more often used to validate ice-sheet reconstructions, and provide a complementary framework to reduce nonuniqueness in model reconstructions of the North American ice-sheet complex.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variation of NPP and its response to climatic factors in main river valleys on the southern slope of Qilian Mountains

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01044
Author(s):  
Rong-rong Yang ◽  
Guang-chao Cao ◽  
Sheng-kui Cao ◽  
Yao Lan ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Qilian Mountain ◽  
Main River ◽  
River Valleys

Based on the NPP products of MODIS data, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of grassland NPP and its response to climatic factors in the vegetation growing season of the main river valleys in the southern slope of Qilian Mountains from 2000 to 2016 were carried out by correlation analysis and spatial interpolation. The research further provides a scientific basis for the quality evaluation of grassland ecosystems on the southern slope of Qilian Mountain and the rational use of grassland resources along the river. The results show that: (1) With the increasing distance of buffers on both sides of the river, the NPP of grassland in each year shows the characteristics of “single-peak” distribution, which is increased first and then decreased; (2) the NPP of grassland in the main river valley of the southern slope of Qilian Mountain The spatial distribution characteristics show a trend of increasing from northwest to southeast. (3) The spatial distribution of NPP and air temperature in the main river valleys of the southern slope of Qilian Mountains is gradually increasing from northwest to southeast, but the spatial distribution correlation coefficient of NPP and precipitation in the river valley grassland of vegetation growing season basically shows a trendof decreasing from northwest to southeast.

axillary, on 5-10 mm long stems. Sepals 5-7 mm long, elliptical, narrow-scarious along margin. Petals 7-10 mm long, oblong-obovate or oval, narrowing into long cuneate claw, orange-colored at base, white in upper portion. Capsules 16-24 mm long, 6-10 (12) mm broad, oblong-oval or oval, pentagonal; wings 2-3 mm broad. In solonchaks and solonetzic steppes, sometimes on rocky steppe slopes. West. Sib.: AL—Go (Chuya river valley: facing Chegan river estuary—class, hab. and others in Chuya steppe).— Mid. Asia, West. China, Mongolia. Map 21. 5. Z. pterocarpum subsp. tuvinicum Peschkova, subsp. nova. A subspecie typica foliis plerumque trijugis (rarius bijugis), foliolis oblongo-linearibus, petiolis apice processu aculeoli-formi molli subindistincto albido recto vel subincurvato distinguitur. Typus. Tuva, dist. Tes-Chemensis, declive australe jugi Tannu-Ola Orientalis, 1200 m.s.m., vallis FI. Irbitei, silva salicoso-populosa variiherbosa, 3 VIII 1972, V. Chanminczun, L. Kupalova, L. Eremenko (NS, isotypus LE). Unlike type subspecies, leaves usually with 3 (rarely 2) pairs of oblong-lanceolate leaflets. Leaf petioles with faint whitish, erect or slightly curved soft spiniform shoot at tip. In arid solonetzic meadows, river valleys, nannophyte solonchak semideserts. Cen. Sib.: TU (Irbitei river valley in Tes-Khemsk region—class, hab.—Ak-Chyra settlement, bank of Amdaigyn-Khol’ lake).—Endemic. 2. Tribulus L. 1. T. terrestris L. 1753, Sp. Pl.: 387. Annual with slender weak root and (3)10-60 cm tall stems diffuse along ground and branched right from base; together with leaf petioles and pedicels, covered with long distant and short semiappressed hairs bent at tip. Leaves (1) 2-6 cm long, (0.5) 1-3 cm broad, more often opposite, paripinnate, with small lanceolate-deltoid stipules; leaflets 4-7 pairs, 3-13 mm long, 34 1-5 mm broad, oblong or oblong-elliptical, asymmetric, obtuse, on very short petiolules, more or less compactly (specially young) covered beneath with long slender appressed hairs, glabrescent with age, subglabrous on upper surface. Flowers single, axillary, on short (4-10 mm) stems. Sepals 3-5 mm long, lanceolate, hairy outside. Petals narrow-obovate, about 10 mm long,

2006 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Keyword(s):  
River Estuary ◽  
River Valley ◽  
West China ◽  
River Valleys

scholarly journals Моделирование деятельности микропредприятий в Российских регионах

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Юлия Пиньковецкая
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The Relationship

Целью исследования являлась оценка двухфакторной производственной функции, характеризующей взаимосвязь обо-рота микропредприятий от величины заработной платы работников и потока инвестиций в основной капитал. Рас-смотрена производственная функция, аналогичная функции Кобба-Дугласа, без ограничений на сумму степеней при факторах. Исследование базировалось на статистических пространственных данных, использовалась информация по 82 регионам России за 2017 г. Производственная функция представляет собой эффективный инструмент управления. Полученные новые знания имеют научное и практическое значение. The goal of the research was to estimate the two-factor production function, which characterizes the relationship between the microenterprise turnover and the employees rate of wages and the flow of investments into the fixed assets. The research examined a production function similar to that of Cobb-Douglas function, without the restrictions on the sum of degrees under factors. The research was based on statistical spatial data; using the information on 82 regions of Russia for 2017. The production function is an effective management tool. The new knowledge obtained is of scientific and practical im-portance. The methodological approach and tools proposed in the article for evaluating the production functions, describing the set of the microenterprises activities in the regions, can be applied in scientific research on the entrepreneurship issues, as well as in justifying the programs of this economy sector devel-opment at the federal and regional levels. The methodology and tools that were used in the research process can be applied in similar studies in the countries with a significant number of territorial (administrative) units. Further research is related to the evaluation of production functions for a set of microenterprises that are specialized in various types of economic activities, as well as those located in municipalities of specific regions.

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