scholarly journals ANTHROPOGENIC BASIN PARADYNAMIC LANDSCAPE COMPLEXES OF THE RIGHT BANK OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Lavryk O.D. ◽  
Tsymbaliuk V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
River Valleys

The formation of large-scale landscape-technical systems (LTchS), which territorially extended beyond river valleys, complicated the processes of exchange of matter, energy and information between valley-river and watershed types of areas, which led to the emergence of paradynamic landscape complexes of higher taxonomic rank. It is noted that on the territory of the Right Bank of Ukraine a significant number of anthropogenic paradynamic landscape complexes (APDLС) have been formed in the neighboring watersheds, which closely interact with each other. It was found that the formation and functioning of natural paradynamic landscape complexes of different taxonomic rank is due to many paradynamic and paragenetic connections. Longitudinal and anthropogenic paragenetic landscape complexes (APGLС) are characterized by longitudinal and transverse paragenetic connections, which are analyzed on the example of APGLС type "dam - pond - bridge - mill - island". There are three orders of basin APDLС: 1) basin APDLС of the 3rd order originate in the bottom of the river valley and gradually spread to watersheds; 2) basins of APDLС of the 2nd order unite among themselves APDLС which are located along the main stream; 3) basin APDLС of the 1st order arise due to a combination of landscape-technical systems in the valley of the main river with LTchS in the valleys of tributaries. The specifics of the functioning of the complex inter-basin APDLС "LTchS of the Right Bank of Ukraine", which is formed by the landscape and technical systems of the Dnieper, Dniester, Southern Bug, Danube, Vistula and Black Sea rivers, are considered. In each basin there are several centers (regional centers or centers of united territorial communities), which are subordinated to the central place (capital). The relationship between them is provided through a set of mechanical (movement of goods and passengers) and water (transportation of water through canals and water mains) paradynamic connections. Emphasis is placed on modern environmental problems in the catchment areas of the Right Bank of Ukraine. It is concluded that the study of paradynamic and paragenetic relationships within watersheds is aimed at the rational use of natural resources of river valleys. Control over the condition of APDLС should be entrusted to local basin administrations, where the leading role can be assigned to landscape engineers.Key words: anthropogenic landscape, landscape-technical system, paradynamic landscape complex, river valley, drainage basin. Формування значних за площею ландшафтно-технічних систем (ЛТчС), які територіально виходили за межі річкових долин, ускладнило процеси обміну речовиною, енергією та інформацією між долинно-річковими та вододільними типами місцевостей, що стало причиною виникнення парадинамічних ландшафтних комплексів вищого таксономічного рангу. Зазначено, що на території Правобережної України сформувалося значна кількість антропогенних парадинамічних ландшафтних комплексів (АПДЛК) у сусідніх водозбірних басейнах, які тісно взаємодіють між собою. Виявлено, що утворення та функціонування природних парадинамічних ландшафтних комплексів різного таксономічного рангу відбувається за рахунок множини парадинамічних і парагенетичних зв’язків. Для долинно-річкових антропогенних парагенетичних ландшафтних комплексів (АПГЛК) є характерними повздовжні та поперечні парагенетичні зв’язки, які проаналізовано на прикладі АПГЛК типу «гребля – ставок – міст – млин – острів». Виокремлено три порядки басейнових АПДЛК: 1) басейнові АПДЛК 3-го порядку зароджуються у днищі річ-кової долини і поступово поширюються на вододіли; 2) басейнові АПДЛК 2-го порядку об’єд-нують між собою АПДЛК, які розташовуються уздовж головного річища; 3) басейнові АПДЛК 1-го порядку виникають за рахунок поєднання ландшафтно-технічних систем у долині головного річища з ЛТчС в долинах приток. Розглянуто специфіку функціонування складного міжбасей-нового АПДЛК «ЛТчС Правобережної України», який сформований ландшафтно-технічними системами басейнів Дніпра, Дністра, Південного Бугу, Дунаю, Вісли та річок Причорномор’я. У кожному басейні виокремлюється кілька осередків (обласні центри або центри об’єднаних територіальних громад), які підпорядковуються центральному місцю (столиці). Взаємозв’язок між ними забезпечується через множину механічних (переміщенням вантажів і пасажирів) і водних (транспортування води каналами і водогонами) парадинамічних зв’язків. Акцентовано увагу на сучасних екологічних проблемах у водозбірних басейнах Правобережної України. Зроблено висновок про те, що дослідження парадинамічних і парагенетичних зв’язків у межах водозбірних басейнів спрямоване на раціональне використання природних ресурсів річкових долин. Контроль за станом АПДЛК має бути покладений на локальні басейнові управління, де провідна роль може відводиться інженерам-ландшафтознавцям.Ключові слова: антропогенний ландшафт, ландшафтно-технічна система, парадинамічний ландшафтний комплекс, річкова долина, водозбірний басейн.

scholarly journals A Stepwise GIS Approach for the Delineation of River Valley Bottom within Drainage Basins Using a Cost Distance Accumulation Analysis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Gasper L. Sechu ◽  
Bertel Nilsson ◽  
Bo V. Iversen ◽  
Mette B. Greve ◽  
Christen D. Børgesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Cost Distance ◽  
River Valleys

River valley bottoms have hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological importance and are buffers for protecting the river from upland nutrient loading coming from agriculture and other sources. They are relatively flat, low-lying areas of the terrain that are adjacent to the river and bound by increasing slopes at the transition to the uplands. These areas have under natural conditions, a groundwater table close to the soil surface. The objective of this paper is to present a stepwise GIS approach for the delineation of river valley bottom within drainage basins and use it to perform a national delineation. We developed a tool that applies a concept called cost distance accumulation with spatial data inputs consisting a river network and slope derived from a digital elevation model. We then used wetlands adjacent to rivers as a guide finding the river valley bottom boundary from the cost distance accumulation. We present results from our tool for the whole country of Denmark carrying out a validation within three selected areas. The results reveal that the tool visually performs well and delineates both confined and unconfined river valleys within the same drainage basin. We use the most common forms of wetlands (meadow and marsh) in Denmark’s river valleys known as Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDE) to validate our river valley bottom delineated areas. Our delineation picks about half to two-thirds of these GDE. However, we expected this since farmers have reclaimed Denmark’s low-lying areas during the last 200 years before the first map of GDE was created. Our tool can be used as a management tool, since it can delineate an area that has been the focus of management actions to protect waterways from upland nutrient pollution.

scholarly journals A stepwise GIS approach for the delineation of river valley bottom within drainage basins using a cost distance accumulation analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gasper L. Sechu ◽  
Bertel Nilsson ◽  
Bo V. Iversen ◽  
Mette B. Greve ◽  
Christen D. Børgesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Cost Distance ◽  
River Valleys

Abstract. River valley bottoms have hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological importance and are buffers for protecting the river from upland nutrient loading coming from agriculture and other sources. They are relatively flat, low-lying areas of the terrain that are adjacent to the river and bound by increasing slopes at the transition to the uplands. These areas have under natural conditions, a groundwater table close to the soil surface. The objective of this paper is to present a stepwise GIS approach for the delineation of river valley bottom within drainage basins and use it to perform a national delineation. We developed a tool that applies a concept called cost distance accumulation with spatial data inputs consisting a river network and slope derived from a digital elevation model. We then used wetlands adjacent to rivers as a guide finding the river valley bottom boundary from the cost distance accumulation. We present results from our tool for the whole country of Denmark carrying out a validation within three selected areas. The results reveal that the tool visually performs well and delineates both confined and unconfined river valleys within the same drainage basin. We use the most common forms of wetlands (meadow and marsh) in Denmark's river valleys known as Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDE) to validate our river valley bottom delineated areas. Our delineation picks about half to two-thirds of these GDE. However, we expected this since farmers have reclaimed Denmark's low-lying areas during the last 200 years before the first map of GDE was created. Our tool can be used as a management tool, since it can delineate an area that has been the focus of management actions to protect waterways from upland nutrient pollution.

scholarly journals Landscapes of loessial islands in high Novgorod-Siversky Polissia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S. V. Kanivets ◽  
Yu. V. Zalavskiy ◽  
V. V. Lebed
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
The Right

The territory of Novgorod-Siversky Polissia is characterized by natural conditions as a province of mixed forests, where soddy-podzolic soils of low fertility have formed on loamy sandy and sandy deposits. However, on the high plateau the Desna River valley right bank, there are Novgorod-Siversky and Ponornitsky loessial islands with fertile dark-colored soils (Opillia). They were formed in rather damp and cool conditions, which is natural for the forest zone. However, their landscapes by the property of the components have a forest-steppe nature. On the plateau, in the Novgorod-Siversky Opillia, eolian loessial is located, which led to the formation of dark gray podzolized soils and chernozems leached and podzolized mainly with a humus-degraded arable layer. On sufficiently large areas near localities Pontornytsya, Pokoshychi and Desnianske there was happened loessivation and silt-loam sandy. Fertile gray forest soils were formed here – a kind of Opillia region. During the large-scale survey and mapping of Ukraine's soils in 1957–1961, dark-colored soils of loessial islands were defined predominantly as dark gray podzolized. However, our recent studies have proved the widespread distribution of leached chernozems and podzolized opіlsky chernozems. On strongly eroded slopes of the right-bank native shores, we have remnants of the suboak forest, which indicate the forest-steppe nature of the landscapes. In virgin areas, unlike sandy areas, a thick bean-grass-mixed grass cover, including indicators of forest-steppe. The Opillia area with chernozems and other dark-colored soils is a major agrarian resource of the region. But gray forest soils also belong to the most valuable land in Polissia. On gray forest soils, cereal crops are grown by 4–5 centners per hectare higher than those on typical of the Polissia sod-podzolic soils. Loessial islands are common in southern part of Novgorod-Siversky Polissia, in particular, on the Desna River valley right bank. Landscapes are diverse in properties of components – the nature of loessial species, geological foundations, features of soil cover and relief. They are united by forest-steppe features of soil cover, the presence in the central part of Opilia – fertile dark-colored soils, including chernozems with signs of relic steppe phase in their development, meadow-steppe composition of herbaceous cover on virgin areas and the presence of remnants of the suboak forest. These are large fragments of the Forest-Steppe in Polissia, which have a high natural resource.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

White Backlash

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Abrajano ◽  
Zoltan L. Hajnal
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
White Backlash ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Racial Divide ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Backlash

This book provides an authoritative assessment of how immigration is reshaping American politics. Using an array of data and analysis, it shows that fears about immigration fundamentally influence white Americans' core political identities, policy preferences, and electoral choices, and that these concerns are at the heart of a large-scale defection of whites from the Democratic to the Republican Party. The book demonstrates that this political backlash has disquieting implications for the future of race relations in America. White Americans' concerns about Latinos and immigration have led to support for policies that are less generous and more punitive and that conflict with the preferences of much of the immigrant population. America's growing racial and ethnic diversity is leading to a greater racial divide in politics. As whites move to the right of the political spectrum, racial and ethnic minorities generally support the left. Racial divisions in partisanship and voting, as the book indicates, now outweigh divisions by class, age, gender, and other demographic measures. The book raises critical questions and concerns about how political beliefs and future elections will change the fate of America's immigrants and minorities, and their relationship with the rest of the nation.

Large-scale vegetation mapping of the Pinega river valley (the surroundings of Golubino village, Arkhangelsk oblast)

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
M. A. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Floodplain Vegetation ◽  
Wet Meadows ◽  
Arkhangelsk Oblast

Geobotanical survey of floodplain natural complexes near gypsum outcrops in the Pinega river valley was done in 2015. Large-scale geobotanical map of the key polygon (scale 1 : 30 000) was composed. Typological units of vegetation were selected on the basis of the composition of dominant species and groups of indicator species. Homogeneous and heterogeneous territorial units of vegetation (serial series, combinations, environmental series) were used. 53 mapped unit types (25 homogeneous types and 28 heterogeneous types) were recognized. The floodplain vegetation consists of 17 homogeneous types of plant communities, 3 series, 14 combinations and 6 ecological series. The sites of old floodplain forests, such as willow forests with Urtica sondenii rare in the Arkhangelsk region and oxbow wet meadows with Scolochloa festucacea were identified.

The large-scale vegetation maps of the western coast of Peter the Great Bay (Far East, the Sea of Japan)

2000 ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Osipov ◽  
V. P. Verkholat
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Peter The Great Bay ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Great Bay ◽  
River Valleys

Two territories on the western coast of Peter the Great Bay were mapped in the large scale. The geobotanical mapping means revealing and displaying the essential regularities of vegetation cover. Both the spatial and temporal regularities of vegetation under natural and anthropogenic influences are well pronounced in the territory under consideration. The concept of the vegetation spatial unit (vegetation complexes) was applied as a basis for mapping. The maps and their legend were worked out as a system of vegetation combination types (vegetation combination is a spatial unit of the supracoenotic level). Such categories, as vegetation of tops and slopes, lowlands and river valleys, sea coasts reflect maximal contrasts in vegetation cover, so they are the highest level divisions of the map legend. Types of succession series and stages of series are developed for construction of the second and third levels of the legend. Communities, similar in ecotope, total species composition, saplings and some other characteristics, are referred to one type of series. 5 types of series have been distinguished: dry, fresh, moist, very moist, wet. The main factor of dynamics in considered territory is fire and the series are mainly pyrogeneous. Series are presented as sequences of vegetation stages. The vegetation stages for tops and slopes are: closed low forest — open low woodland — shrub thicket with saplings — meadow with saplings, for lowlands and river valleys they are: open low woodland — thicket of saplings — meadow or mire with saplings.

Design, Operating Results and Experiences of Two Large-Scale Treatment Plants with Biological Nitrogen and Phosphate Elimination

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
C. F. Seyfried ◽  
P. Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

This is a report on the design and operating results of two waste water treatment plants which make use of biological nitrogen and phosphate elimination. Both plants are characterized by load situations that are unfavourable for biological P elimination. The influent of the HILDESHEIM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT contains nitrates and little BOD5. Use of the ISAH process ensures the optimum exploitation of the easily degradable substrate for the redissolution of phosphates. Over 70 % phosphate elimination and effluent concentrations of 1.3 mg PO4-P/I have been achieved. Due to severe seasonal fluctuations in loading the activated sludge plant of the HUSUM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT has to be operated in the stabilization range (F/M ≤ 0.05 kg/(kg·d)) in order not to infringe the required effluent values of 3.9 mg NH4-N/l (2-h-average). The production of surplus sludge is at times too small to allow biological phosphate elimination to be effected in the main stream process. The CISAH (Combined ISAH) process is a combination of the fullstream with the side stream process. It is used in order to achieve the optimum exploitation of biological phosphate elimination by the precipitation of a stripped side stream with a high phosphate content when necessary.

Evaluation of Ovaries in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome using Shear Wave Elastography

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
Aysegul Altunkeser ◽  
Zeynep Ozturk Inal ◽  
Nahide Baran
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
The Right

Background: Shear wave electrography (SWE) is a novel non-invasive imaging technique which demonstrate tissue elasticity. Recent research evaluating the elasticity properties of normal and pathological tissues emphasize the diagnostic importance of this technique. Aims: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic overgrowth, may cause infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elasticity of ovaries in patients with PCOS using SWE. Methods: 66 patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria (PCOS = group I) and 72 patients with non-PCOS (Control = group II), were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Ovarian elasticity was assessed in all patients with SWE, and speed values were obtained from the ovaries. The elasticity of the ovaries was compared between the two groups. Results: While there were statistically significant differences between the groups in body mass index (BMI), right and left ovarian volumes, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels (p<0.05), no significant differences were found between groups I and II in the velocity (for the right ovary 3.89±1.81 vs. 2.93±0.72, p=0.301; for the left ovary 2.88±0.65 vs. 2.95±0.80, p=0.577) and elastography (for the right ovary 36.62±17.78 vs. 36.79±14.32, p=0.3952; for the left ovary 36.56±14.15 vs. 36.26±15.10, p=0.903) values, respectively. Conclusion: We could not obtain different velocity and elastography values from the ovaries of the patients with PCOS using SWE. Therefore, further large-scale studies are needed to elucidate this issue.

scholarly journals Extreme Floods in the Eastern Part of Europe: Large-Scale Drivers and Associated Impacts

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Monica Ionita ◽  
Viorica Nagavciuc
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Large Scale Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

The role of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in producing heavy rainfall events and floods in the eastern part of Europe, with a special focus on the Siret and Prut catchment areas (Romania), is analyzed in this study. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the socio-economic impacts of the most extreme flood events (e.g., July 2008, June–July 2010, and June 2020) is given. Analysis of the largest flood events indicates that the flood peaks have been preceded up to 6 days in advance by intrusions of high Potential Vorticity (PV) anomalies toward the southeastern part of Europe, persistent cut-off lows over the analyzed region, and increased water vapor transport over the catchment areas of Siret and Prut Rivers. The vertically integrated water vapor transport prior to the flood peak exceeds 300 kg m−1 s−1, leading to heavy rainfall events. We also show that the implementation of the Flood Management Plan in Romania had positive results during the 2020 flood event compared with the other flood events, when the authorities took several precaution measurements that mitigated in a better way the socio-economic impact and risks of the flood event. The results presented in this study offer new insights regarding the importance of large-scale atmospheric circulation and water vapor transport as drivers of extreme flooding in the eastern part of Europe and could lead to a better flood forecast and flood risk management.

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