scholarly journals Nature-Based Coastal Protection by Large Woody Debris as Compared to Seawalls: A Physical Model Study of Beach Morphology and Wave Reflection

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Pauline Falkenrich ◽  
Jessica Wilson ◽  
Ioan Nistor ◽  
Nils Goseberg ◽  
Andrew Cornett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Beach Morphology ◽  
The North

Anchored Large Woody Debris (LWD) is increasingly being used as one of several nature-based coastal protection strategies along the north-western coasts of Canada and the US. As an alternative to conventional hard armoring (e.g., seawalls), its usage is widely considered to be less harmful to the coastal ecosystem while maintaining the ability to protect the beaches against wave attack and erosion. The effects of seawalls on beaches have been extensively studied; however, the performance and efficacy of LWD and its potential as a suitable alternative to seawalls (and other shoreline protection structures) are still understudied in current research. This paper presents and compares the effects of a conventional vertical seawall with two different LWD structures on beach morphology and wave reflection through large-scale physical modeling in a wave flume at a 1:5 scale. An assessment of techniques used to measure beach morphology and an assessment of model effects were included in the study. It was found that the wave reflection could be reduced by using a single log instead of a wall structure, while changes in the beach morphology response largely depended on the type of the LWD structure. A stacked log wall showed near-identical behavior as a conventional seawall. Visible model effects from the experiments, including the effect of the flume sidewalls on the beach morphology, were quantified and analyzed to inform future research.

scholarly journals NATURE-BASED COASTAL PROTECTION USING LARGE WOODY DEBRIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jessica Wilson ◽  
Ioan Nistor ◽  
Majid Mohammadian ◽  
Andrew Cornett ◽  
Pauline Falkenrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Run Up

In British Columbia (BC), Canada, and Washington State, USA, anchored Large Woody Debris (LWD) have been extensively used with the specific aim of reducing erosion and limiting wave run-up. Despite its frequent usage, there is currently limited peer-reviewed literature on the design or efficacy of coastal protection using LWD. This paper presents the results of the first systematic research project on this topic, which involved (1) extensive field investigations of existing anchored LWD projects, and (2) large-scale experimental wave modeling of simulated LWD on a gravel beach. The full paper will present an overview of the study methodology, field investigation and experimental modeling results, and provide initial design guidance for the use of coastal protection using anchored LWD.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/ktjVWGfXylk

scholarly journals Comparison of Large Woody Debris Prototypes in a Large Scale Non-flume Physical Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 05010
Author(s):  
Brian Perry ◽  
Colin Rennie ◽  
Andrew Cornett ◽  
Paul Knox
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Due to excessive rainfall in June of 2013, several rivers located in and near the City of Calgary, Canada experienced significant flooding events. These events caused severe damage to infrastructure throughout the city, precipitating a renewed interest in flood control and mitigation strategies for the area. A major potential strategy involves partial diversion of Elbow River flood water to the proposed Springbank Off-Stream Storage Reservoir. A large scale physical model study was conducted to optimize and validate the design of a portion of the new project. The goals of the physical model were to investigate diversion system behaviors such as flow rates, water levels, sediment transport and, debris accumulation, and optimize the design of new flow control structures to be constructed on the Elbow River. In order to accurately represent the behavior of debris within the system due to flooding, large woody debris created from natural sources was utilized in the physical model and its performance was compared to that of debris of the same size fabricated from pressed cylindrical wood dowels. In addition to comparing the performance of these two debris types, the impact of root wads on debris damming was also investigated. Significant differences in damming behavior was shown to exist between the natural debris and the fabricated debris, while the impact of root wad on damming affected the dam structure and formation. The results of this experiment indicate that natural debris is preferred for studies involving debris accumulation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Stratospheric Wave Reflection on North American Cold Spells

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 1675-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Matthias ◽  
Marlene Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Wave Absorption ◽  
The North ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Eddy Heat Flux ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Understanding and predicting midlatitude cold spells is of scientific and public interest, given often associated severe impacts. However, large-scale atmospheric dynamics related to these events are not fully understood. The winter of 2017/18 was characterized by several cold spells affecting large parts of North America and Eurasia. Here, the role of stratosphere–troposphere coupling for the occurrence of cold spells in this winter is investigated using different wave propagation diagnostics. While the European cold spell in late February 2018 was influenced by a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) associated with wave absorption, the cold spells over North America at the end of December 2017 and early February 2018 were related to downward reflected waves over the North Pacific. Previously proposed wave reflection indices, however, either miss these reflection events or are not able to distinguish them from the major SSW related to wave absorption. To overcome this, a novel simple index based on eddy heat flux is proposed here, capturing regional wave reflection over the North Pacific. Reflection events detected with this index are shown to be followed by North Pacific blocking and negative temperature anomalies over North America. An improved understanding of the contribution of wave reflection for cold spells is crucial to better predict such events in the future.

scholarly journals Millennial stocks and fluxes of large woody debris in lakes of the North American taiga

2013 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Gennaretti ◽  
Dominique Arseneault ◽  
Yves Bégin
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Data-Driven Coral Reef Rehabilitation Using New Biomimicking, Advanced Materials Artificial Reefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Emily Higgins ◽  
Konstantin Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
And Function

Abstract Globally, artificial reefs (ARs) are being increasingly used as a coral reef restoration strategy, and ARs made from conventional substrates (e.g. metal, concrete) have had limited success for coral reef conservation due to structure size and lack of pre-deployment engineering. To curb further deterioration on reefs, technological advances in restoration methods must be quickly tested and applied on a large scale. Here, we present the results of the first IntelliReefs biomimicking “Oceanite” nanotechnology ARs. We compared benthic community composition on three Oceanite ARs 14 months after deployment in Sint Maarten. We also examined fish abundance, diversity, and behaviour on the ARs. The results from this study suggest that Oceanite can enhance local biodiversity, attract coral recruits, provide food and protection for large fish communities, and develop a healthy early coral reef community in 14 months. IntelliReefs' future research will focus on large-scale deployments and further development of site-, species-, and function-specific substrates to optimize AR conservation goals and increase project success. Our Ocean-Shot will deploy durable, bio-enhanced reefs that build resilience to climate change, increase economic benefits, and coastal protection for seaside communities. Oceanite can further be customized for specific stressor mitigation (e.g., pathogens, warming, acidification, reduced water quality, invasive species).

scholarly journals Carbon Flux of Down Woody Materials in Forests of the North Central United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Woodall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Study Region ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Central United States

Across large scales, the carbon (C) flux of down woody material (DWM) detrital pools has largely been simulated based on forest stand attributes (e.g., stand age and forest type). The annual change in forest DWM C stocks and other attributes (e.g., size and decay class changes) was assessed using a forest inventory in the north central United States to provide an empirical assessment of strategic-scale DWM C flux. Using DWM inventory data from the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis program, DWM C stocks were found to be relatively static across the study region with an annual flux rate not statistically different from zero. Mean C flux rates across the study area were 0.25, 0.12, 0.01, and 0.04 (Mg/ha/yr) for standing live trees, standing dead trees, coarse woody debris, and fine woody debris, respectively. Flux rates varied in their both magnitude and status (emission/sequestration) by forest types, latitude, and DWM component size. Given the complex dynamics of DWM C flux, early implementation of inventory remeasurement, and relatively low sample size, numerous future research directions are suggested.

scholarly journals E-micromobilities and their role in improving air quality and public health: A roundtable discussion in Leeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The City

BackgroundElectric micromobility vehicles such as e-bikes ande-scooters are increasing in popularity. E-bikes, in particular, represent a significantopportunity for promoting more active forms of travel, as they enable a widerrange of people to access individual mobility, whilst also having many of thehealth benefits associated with non-power assisted cycling. Beyond the fitnessbenefits, e-micromobilities offer community level benefits including reduced roadcongestion and reduced noise and air pollution. As a city, Leeds has committed to achieving net zero by 2030. In order to achieve that ambition, there is aneed for rapid, large-scale action, with increased active travel and e-micromobility use key to that shift. Despite their benefits, many questions relating to the use and growth of e-micromobilites remain unanswered. For instance, what infrastructurewould be needed? Should regulations be developed and applied? Will drivers require insurance, licencing or road tax? What impact will e-micromobilities have on transport inequalities? How will an increase in use of e-micromobilityvehicles impact existing travel behaviours? Exploring these questions at alocal and national level will be key to planning for the potential impacts,both positive and negative, that new powered modes of travel will have onstreets.MethodTo explore the questions posed above, a roundtablediscussion will be hosted in Leeds. Leeds is a city in the north of Englandthat has committed to achieving net zero by 2030. The roundtable will include adiverse sample of people from across the city, including policy makers, travelplanners, town planners, members of the public, and academics working in activetravel and micromobility research. To develop the questions asked, a literature reviewwill be conducted. The questions will be shared with key stakeholders tocomment on and finalise. The final list of questions will be shared with registeredparticipants ahead of the roundtable. During the roundtable, there will be timeprovided for open ended discussions about the key issues highlighted. All participants will be invited via email, with aninformation sheet provided to them. All participants will be asked to provideconsent before taking part and will be able to withdraw at any point up untildata analysis. Depending on the availability of participants 1 to 3 roundtableswill be hosted, each lasting up to 60 minutes. The roundtable will befacilitated to ensure all questions are explored and that everyone has a voice.The facilitator will act objectively. The discussion will be recorded andtranscripts produced. The transcripts will be thematically analysed to identifykey themes discussed.Possible outcomesA report will be produced from the roundtablediscussions. The report will be shared with key stakeholders across the cityand wider region. Based on the discussions, recommendations for the city willbe developed. The report and recommendations could be used to facilitatefurther discussion and inform future research.

Change of Attitude, Technology and Practice: Identifying the Change for Increased Value Creation with Customer Co-creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Soumi Paul ◽  
Paola Peretti ◽  
Saroj Kumar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Competencies ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Prime Concern

Building customer relationships and customer equity is the prime concern in today’s business decisions. The emergence of internet, especially social media like Facebook and Twitter, changed traditional marketing thought to a great extent. The importance of customer orientation is reflected in the axiom, “The customer is the king”. A good number of organizations are engaging customers in their new product development activities via social media platforms. Co-creation, a new perspective in which customers are active co-creators of the products they buy and use, is currently challenging the traditional paradigm. The concept of co-creation involving the customer’s knowledge, creativity and judgment to generate value is considered not only an upcoming trend that introduces new products or services but also fitting their need and increasing value for money. Knowledge and innovation are inseparable. Knowledge management competencies and capacities are essential to any organization that aspires to be distinguished and innovative. The present work is an attempt to identify the change in value creation procedure along with one area of business, where co-creation can return significant dividends. It is on extending the brand or brand category through brand extension or line extension. This article, through an in depth literature review analysis, identifies the changes in every perspective of this paradigm shift and it presents a conceptual model of company-customer-brand-based co-creation activity via social media. The main objective is offering an agenda for future research of this emerging trend and ensuring the way to move from theory to practice. The paper acts as a proposal; it allows the organization to go for this change in a large scale and obtain early feedback on the idea presented. 

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

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