scholarly journals On the Way to the Fluvial Anthroposphere—Current Limitations and Perspectives of Multidisciplinary Research

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2188
Author(s):  
Lukas Werther ◽  
Natascha Mehler ◽  
Gerrit Jasper Schenk ◽  
Christoph Zielhofer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Risk Minimisation ◽  
Central European ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms ◽  
Early Human

Floodplains represent a global hotspot of sensitive socioenvironmental changes and early human forcing mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the environmental conditions of preindustrial floodplains in Central Europe and the fluvial societies that operated there. Due to their high land-use capacity and the simultaneous necessity of land reclamation and risk minimisation, societies have radically restructured the Central European floodplains. According to the current scientific consensus, up to 95% of Central European floodplains have been extensively restructured or destroyed. Therefore, question arises as to whether or when it is justified to understand Central European floodplains as a ‘Fluvial Anthroposphere’. The case studies available to date show that human-induced impacts on floodplain morphologies and environments and the formation of specific fluvial societies reveal fundamental changes in the medieval and preindustrial modern periods. We aim to contribute to disentangling the questions of when and why humans became a significant controlling factor in Central European floodplain formation, and how humans in interaction with natural processes and other chains of effects have modified floodplains. As a conclusion, we superimpose emerging fields of research concerning the onset of the Fluvial Anthroposphere and provide 10 specific thematic objectives for future multidisciplinary work.

scholarly journals Tors in Central European Mountains – are they indicators of past environments?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Michniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Central European ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Geological Factors ◽  
European Mountains

Abstract Tors represent one of the most characteristic landforms in the uplands and mountains of Central Europe, including the Sudetes, Czech-Moravian Highlands, Šumava/Bayerischer Wald, Fichtelgebirge or Harz. These features occur in a range of lithologies, although granites and gneisses are particularly prone to tor formation. Various models of tor formation and development have been presented, and for each model the tors were thought to have evolved under specific environmental conditions. The two most common theories emphasised their progressive emergence from pre-Quaternary weathering mantles in a two-stage scenario, and their development across slopes under periglacial conditions in a one-stage scenario. More recently, tors have been analysed in relation to ice sheet extent, the selectivity of glacial erosion, and the preservation of landforms under ice. In this paper we describe tor distribution across Central Europe along with hypotheses relating to their formation and development, arguing that specific evolutionary histories are not supported by unequivocal evidence and that the scenarios presented were invariably model-driven. Several examples from the Sudetes are presented to demonstrate that tor morphology is strongly controlled by lithology and structure. The juxtaposition of tors of different types is not necessarily evidence that they differ in their mode of origin or age. Pathways of tor remodelling and degradation under subaerial conditions are identified and it is argued that processes of tor formation and development are ongoing. Thus, tors are not reliable indicators of past environments, because they are considerably influenced by both geological factors, such as lithology and structure, and geomorphological factors such as hillslope setting..

Environmental Conditions of Percid Waters in Central Europe

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1586-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Biotic Characteristics

A brief review of the limnology of central European waters indicated that, except for calcium in the bottom sediments, mesotrophic lakes were intermediate in nutrient concentrations between oligotrophic and eutrophic waters. Other biotic characteristics also attained maxima in mesotrophic lakes. For example, the existence of distinctive phytoplankton, invertebrate, and fish communities, implied certain qualitative properties of mesotrophic waters rather than only quantitative intermediacy on the oligotrophic–eutrophic cline. These properties, in part, represent some aspects of percid habitat that differ from those of other fish communities. Key words: Percidae, algae, bottom sediments, cultural effects, eutrophication, limnology, mesotrophy, trophic levels, primary production

scholarly journals The perspectives for genetically modified cellulosic biofuels in the Central European conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Blahova ◽  
K. Janda ◽  
L. Kristoufek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuels ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Genetic Modifications

This paper connects the biofuels literature with the genetic modifications literature by considering the potential of genetic modifications for increasing the efficiency of the cellulosic biofuels production. This is done for one particular case through analyzing the effect of genetically modified corn adoption on the overall yields of corn for silage. Our econometric model confirms that the use of genetically modified corn with the inserted MON810 gene increases the overall corn biomass yield in the production and environmental conditions of the Central Europe, in particular in the Czech Republic.  

scholarly journals Historical public health in central Europe with special reference to Hungary. Long-term environmental effects of a historical cataclysm

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Csaba Varga ◽  
István Ember ◽  
Edit Murányi ◽  
István Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Central European ◽  
Central European Region

<p class="Abstract">Hungary, in the centre of Carpathian Basin grapples with numerous challenges in order to improve catastrophic indices of environmental conditions of the country, as well as the state of health of the population. Some of these problems are subjects of financial and health policy, and can be solved internally. The remaining environmental problems can only be remedied by cooperation with neighbouring younger countries. This vitally important cooperation is hampered by severe historical conflicts burdening even the present political affiliations. The authors give a short introduction and explanation of the recent sensitive situation in this Central European region, as a late consequence of an historical cataclysm happened more than nine decades ago.</p>

scholarly journals Abandoned agricultural soils from the central part of the Yamal region of Russia: morphology, diversity, and chemical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Evgeny Abakumov ◽  
Evgeniya Morgun ◽  
Alexandr Pechkin ◽  
Vyacheslav Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Abandoned Lands

AbstractThe post-anthropogenic and soil cover transformations of former agricultural soils on the abandoned lands in the Russian Arctic territory are poorly investigated due to the active growth of the city complexes and increasing area occupied by agricultural lands. That is lead to an increase in the area of the arable lands surrounding the polar urbanized territories. Today, most of that land allocated for agricultural needs has been abandoned or affected by other types of land use. This study aimed to investigate the abandoned lands surrounding some of the settlements in the central part of the Yamal region. The soil diversity, morphology, and chemical and agrochemical properties were investigated with special reference to the specific transformations that occur to fallow lands under permafrost-affected cryogenic-ecosystem conditions. Analysis of data show that these soils are characterized by features relating to both, previous (and existing), anthropogenic impacts and natural processes such as cryogenic mass transfer. The degradation of the arable humus-enriched horizon was not as pronounced as it has been in more humid boreal environments over recent decades. The organic carbon content in topsoil depends on the land use and varied considerably among the soil types. The former arable topsoil horizon has been stable over time in terms of its morphological features and agrochemical state. Despite the high soil acidity levels, thenutrient content in the anthropogenically impacted soils was still high, even though being abandoned for 20 years.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3415
Author(s):  
Bartosz Jóźwik ◽  
Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv ◽  
Phouphet Kyophilavong ◽  
Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Central European ◽  
Long Run

The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

Preliminary investigation of a late Wisconsinan fauna from K1 cave, Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii), Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Ramsey ◽  
Paul A. Griffiths ◽  
Daryl W. Fedje ◽  
Rebecca J. Wigen ◽  
Quentin Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Haida Gwaii ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Early Human

Recent investigations of a limestone solution cave on the Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii) have yielded skeletal remains of fauna including late Pleistocene and early Holocene bears, one specimen of which dates to ca. 14,400 14C yr B.P. This new fossil evidence sheds light on early postglacial environmental conditions in this archipelago, with implications for the timing of early human migration into the Americas.

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