scholarly journals Continuous Simulation of Highly Urbanized Watershed to Quantify Nutrients’ Loadings

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2910
Author(s):  
Naila Mahdi ◽  
Krishna R. Pagilla
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Water Quality Simulation ◽  
Continuous Simulation ◽  
Nutrient Loadings ◽  
Chicago River

The United States has witnessed various extreme land use changes over the years. These changes led to alterations in watersheds’ characteristics, impacting their water quality and quantity. To quantify this impact in highly urbanized watersheds such as the Chicago Metropolitan Area, it is crucial to examine the characteristics and imperviousness distribution of urban land uses and available point and non-point sources. In this paper, the effect of urban runoff and nutrient loadings to water bodies in the Chicago River Watershed resulting from level (III) detailed urban land uses is investigated. A watershed scale hydrologic and water quality simulation using BASINS/HSPF model was developed for the highly urbanized watershed. Appropriate considerations were given to the effective impervious area (EIA). The results from the five-year calibrated water quality simulation were reasonably reflected with observed data in the study area and nutrient loadings of both point and non-point sources for 44 different land uses were found. The export coefficients (EC) values obtained are site-specific depending on conditions and variables at the watershed level such as physical characteristics, land use management practices, hydro-meteorological and topographical data, while using a continuous simulation approach and watershed perspective analysis. This is the first attempt to measure and model nutrients’ loadings using detailed land use types in the Chicago River Watershed. The proposed continuous calibrated and validated model can be used in the investigation and analysis of different scenarios and possible future conditions and land utilization.

Evaluation of Harvested Rainwater Quality As a Drinking Water Source in Urban Land Uses in Western Province Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-89
Author(s):  
A.M.A.M. Premathilaka ◽  
◽  
T.D.C. Pushpakumara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Roof Runoff ◽  
Roofing Materials

Increasing of population around the world has imposed considerable strains on the water resources. Hence, regulatory authorities have faced significant challenges to expand their water supply schemes not only due to financial constraints but also due to limited water resources. Consequently, there has been a growing interest, especially in developing countries, in harvested roof run off as an alternative source of drinking water. However, in determining the end use and the potential success of such an option, the possible problems associated with water quality need to be analyzed and the feasibility of using rainwater as a source of water for household use should be determined. Therefore, this research study was focus on evaluating roof runoff as a drinking water source in different urban land uses where different urban activities are present. For this purpose, a roof runoff samples were collected from three selected land uses namely industrial, commercial and residential. The samples have collected from each land use with three selected roofing materials which are common to the area. This is to evaluate the roof runoff quality based on the variability of land use pattern as well as the variability on roofing materials. All the collected samples have tested for a range of water quality parameters namely, pH, alkalinity, Hardness, Turbidity, TS, COD, Nitrogen (Ammonia), chloride and biological contaminations. Both uni-variate and stacked area analysis techniques were used in the analysis of test results. Based on the outcomes, recommendations are provided to use harvested roof runoff as a drinking water source in urban land uses in Sri Lanka. Keywords urban land uses; drinking water quality parameters; rainwater harvesting

scholarly journals A cost-effectiveness analysis of water security and water quality: impacts of climate and land-use change on the River Thames system

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (2002) ◽  
pp. 20120413 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
J. Crossman ◽  
B. B. Balana ◽  
M. N. Futter ◽  
S. Comber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
River Thames

The catchment of the River Thames, the principal river system in southern England, provides the main water supply for London but is highly vulnerable to changes in climate, land use and population. The river is eutrophic with significant algal blooms with phosphorus assumed to be the primary chemical indicator of ecosystem health. In the Thames Basin, phosphorus is available from point sources such as wastewater treatment plants and from diffuse sources such as agriculture. In order to predict vulnerability to future change, the integrated catchments model for phosphorus (INCA-P) has been applied to the river basin and used to assess the cost-effectiveness of a range of mitigation and adaptation strategies. It is shown that scenarios of future climate and land-use change will exacerbate the water quality problems, but a range of mitigation measures can improve the situation. A cost-effectiveness study has been undertaken to compare the economic benefits of each mitigation measure and to assess the phosphorus reductions achieved. The most effective strategy is to reduce fertilizer use by 20% together with the treatment of effluent to a high standard. Such measures will reduce the instream phosphorus concentrations to close to the EU Water Framework Directive target for the Thames.

scholarly journals Impacto do uso e ocupação da terra na qualidade da água da bacia hidrográfica do rio Nhapindazal, Irati (PR) / Impact of land use and occupation on the water quality of Nhapindazal river watershed, Irati, (PR)

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Tomazzoni Lubenow ◽  
◽  
Paulo Costa de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Carlos Magno de Sousa Vidal ◽  
Grasiele Soares Cavallini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Watershed

scholarly journals Identificación de conflictos de uso de suelo para la planificación del crecimiento urbano: ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua (México)

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
J.D. Maldonado-Marín ◽  
L.C. Alatorre-Cejudo ◽  
E. Sánchez-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Land Use Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Urban Planning And Development ◽  
Land Use Policies

This research incorporates new forms of analysis for urban planning and development in Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua (Mexico), providing elements of reference by identifying areas with potentiality and limitations for urban land use, as well as for agricultural and conservation activities. The general objective was to identify the main conflicts between land uses and coverages to determine the areas of greatest territorial suitability for the city's growth. For this purpose, the Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS) model was used to understand the spatial significance of the status of land use policies, including likely urban patterns associated with agricultural and conservation trends. In the case study, a total of 149,139 inhabitants are estimated for the year 2030, which represents the need for an additional 392.42 hectares to accommodate the population growth. For that of the 16,272.21 hectares that has the population limit, 38 % were allocated to the category of agriculture, 11.95% to conservation soils and 49.67% to urban land (including the existing urban area). There is a significant portion of the area that is in conflict between the different land uses. It concludes, that the integration of a conflict resolution model for land use and land cover represents a practical solution that contributes to the improvement of processes of urban development planning.

scholarly journals Regional Variations of Land-Use Development and Land-Use/Cover Change Dynamics: A Case Study of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ustaoglu ◽  
Aydınoglu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Spatio Temporal

. Population growth, economic development and rural-urban migration have caused rapid expansion of urban areas and metropolitan regions in Turkey. The structure of urban administration and planning has faced different socio-economic and political challenges, which have hindered the structured and planned development of cities and regions, resulting in an irregular and uneven development of these regions. We conducted detailed comparative analysis on spatio-temporal changes of the identified seven land-use/cover classes across different regions in Turkey with the use of Corine Land Cover (CLC) data of circa 1990, 2000, 2006 and 2012, integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Here we compared spatio-temporal changes of urban and non-urban land uses, which differ across regions and across different hierarchical levels of urban areas. Our findings have shown that peri-urban areas are growing more than rural areas, and even growing more than urban areas in some regions. A deeper look at regions located in different geographical zones pointed to substantial development disparities across western and eastern regions of Turkey. We also employed multiple regression models to explain any possible drivers of land-use change, regarding both urban and non-urban land uses. The results reveal that the three influencing factors-socio-economic characteristics, regional characteristics and location, and development constraints, facilitate land-use change. However, their impacts differ in different geographical locations, as well as with different hierarchical levels.

scholarly journals Social Sensing for Urban Land Use Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Adindha Anugraha ◽  
Hone-Jay Chu ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Social Sensing ◽  
Land Use Maps

The utilization of urban land use maps can reveal the patterns of human behavior through the extraction of the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of urban land use. Remote sensing that holds detailed and abundant information on spectral, textual, contextual, and spatial configurations is crucial to obtaining land use maps that reveal changes in the urban environment. However, social sensing is essential to revealing the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of urban land use. This data mining approach is related to data cleaning/outlier removal and machine learning, and is used to achieve land use classification from remote and social sensing data. In bicycle and taxi density maps, the daytime destination and nighttime origin density reflects work-related land uses, including commercial and industrial areas. By contrast, the nighttime destination and daytime origin density pattern captures the pattern of residential areas. The accuracy assessment of land use classified maps shows that the integration of remote and social sensing, using the decision tree and random forest methods, yields accuracies of 83% and 86%, respectively. Thus, this approach facilitates an accurate urban land use classification. Urban land use identification can aid policy makers in linking human activities to the socioeconomic consequences of different urban land uses.

Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Streams ◽  
And Function

<em>Abstract.</em>—Ecologists recognize that surrounding land use can influence the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, but few studies have explicitly examined the relative effects of different types of land use on stream ecosystems. We quantified the relationships between different land uses (forested, urban, agricultural with or without riparian buffers) and stream physicochemical variables and resident fish assemblages in 21 southwestern Michigan streams. These streams were located within a single basin (Kalamazoo River) and ecoregion to minimize differences in natural landscape conditions. Streams responded to a gradient of land use, with forested streams having the least degraded water quality, physical habitat, and fish assemblages, and agricultural streams lacking buffers being the most degraded. Urban and agricultural streams with buffers displayed characteristics intermediate to forested and agricultural streams lacking buffers. In general, habitat complexity and water quality declined across this land-use gradient from forested to agricultural streams, whereas fish density, richness, and dominance by tolerant species increased along the land-use gradient. Although urban streams had lower percentages of altered land use (i.e., <40% urban) in their catchments compared to agricultural streams (i.e., >50% agriculture), both land uses appeared to have similar detrimental effects on streams suggesting higher per unit area impacts of urbanization on streams. The presence of forested riparian buffers along agricultural streams increased the complexity of instream habitat, but resulted in few benefits to fish assemblages, suggesting that stream water quality in altered landscapes may be constraining fish assemblages more than physical habitat.

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