scholarly journals Use of Multidisciplinary Approaches for Groundwater Recharge Mechanism Characterization in Basement Aquifers: Case of Sanon Experimental Catchment in Burkina Faso

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3216
Author(s):  
Moussa Bruno Kafando ◽  
Mahamadou Koïta ◽  
Mathieu Le Coz ◽  
Ousmane Roland Yonaba ◽  
Tazen Fowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Rainwater Infiltration ◽  
Basement Aquifers

In Burkina Faso, the basement aquifers represent a major asset in terms of quantity and quality, for both drinking and irrigation purposes for rural populations. They provide water resources that can guarantee the long-term needs of the populations, provided that a sustainable management policy for these resources is adopted. Yet, any groundwater resource management policy is necessarily linked to a better knowledge of aquifer recharge mechanisms, which is yet to be fully assessed in the Sahelian basement area. The objective of this study was to characterize the recharge mechanism within the experimental site of Sanon, located in the basement zone in Burkina Faso, using a coupling of hydrodynamic and chemical approaches. The hydrodynamic approach consisted of monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of the piezometric levels of the aquifers along a north–south and east–west transect and determining soil infiltration capacity. The hydrochemical characterization of the aquifers was carried out through an analysis of groundwater samples from the concerned aquifers and daily tracing of the electrical conductivity of the aquifer water. The cross-analysis from the results of the implemented approaches shows a direct recharge mechanism through rainwater infiltration in the central valley, an indirect recharge mechanism in the lowlands, and a recharge mechanism by lateral transfers in the peripheral aquifers of the Sanon experimental catchment. The existence of a piezometric dome reveals in the central valley a zone of preferential recharge and water movement. The water of the central valley is the least mineralized with electrical conductivities below 100 µS/cm. This mineralization follows the direction of the water flow.

scholarly journals The effect of land uses to change on infiltration capacity and surface runoff at latung sub watershed, Padang City Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Rusli HAR ◽  
Aprisal ◽  
Werry Darta Taifur ◽  
Teguh Haria Aditia Putra
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Rainwater Infiltration ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Hydrology Modeling ◽  
Runoff Discharge

Changes in land use in the Air Dingin watershed (DAS) area in Padang City, Indonesia, lead to a decrease in rainwater infiltration volume to the ground. Some land use in the Latung sub-watershed decrease in infiltration capacity with an increase in surface runoff. This research aims to determine the effect of land-use changes on infiltration capacity and surface runoff. Purposive sampling method was used in this research. The infiltration capacity was measured directly in the field using a double-ring infiltrometer, and the data was processed using the Horton model. The obtained capacity was quantitatively classified using infiltration zoning. Meanwhile, the Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrology Modeling System with the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph- Soil Conservation Service -Curve Number method was used to analyze the runoff discharge. The results showed that from the 13 measurement points carried out, the infiltration capacity ranges from 0.082 - 0.70 cm/minute or an average of 0.398 cm/minute, while the rainwater volume is approximately 150,000 m3/hour/km2. Therefore, the soil infiltration capacity in the Latung sub-watershed is in zone VI-B or very low. This condition had an impact on changes in runoff discharge in this area, from 87.84 m3/second in 2010 to 112.8 m3/second in 2020 or a nail of 22.13%. Based on the results, it is concluded that changes in the land led to low soil infiltration capacity, thereby leading to an increase in surface runoff.

scholarly journals Relationship between soil water content and crop yield under sahelian climate conditions: case study of Tougou experimental site in Burkina Faso

2017 ◽  
pp. 5177-5184
Author(s):  
Cheick Oumar Zouré ◽  
Mahamadou KOITA ◽  
Dial Niang ◽  
Izza Issa Baba ◽  
Ousmane Roland Yonaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Daily Monitoring

This study aims at assessing the relationship between soil water stock and the yield of agricultural practices in Tougou catchment located in northern Burkina Faso. It is a region that has experienced a significant and continuous degradation of its natural resources, especially soils, due to the climate variability and the rapid increase of the population. Areas allocated to subsistence agriculture are increasing at the expense of pastoral land. This degradation causes a change in processes and mechanisms that control ecological systems. In order to provide solutions to this issue, some agricultural practices have been implemented to improve crop yield. This is particularly the case of traditional techniques:“zaï”, “stony line” and “half-moon”, which can significantly improve the soil infiltration capacity and yield. Daily monitoring of soil moisture and pressure in experimental plots based on these agricultural practices show that half-moon and Zaï provided good yield with 2180kg / ha and 1070 kg / ha respectively compared to that of the control plot with about 480 kg/ha. These important yields are due in large part to the improvement of the retention capacity of these soils, thus giving to crops the necessary water need for their development even in drought periods

scholarly journals Effects of Agricultural Management Practices on Soil Properties in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Soungalo Soulama ◽  
Issoufou Abdourhimou Amadou ◽  
Lassina Sanou ◽  
Prosper Zombre
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Agro-ecosystem degradation is a real socio-environmental problem in the Sahel. Face to the declining of yields from cultivated soils, populations are adopting various adaptation strategies. This study was conducted to assess the impact of three agricultural technologies on the evolution of soil fertility in the Sahel area of Burkina Faso. Soil was sampled from the agro-systems and submitted to physico-chemical and biological analyzes in laboratory. We evaluated soil infiltration capacity , inventoried herbaceous vegetation.Also grasses biomass was measured, and millet straw and grains were weighted in the field. Results from this study showed that plowing + bund + organic manure (LDF) treatment was the best management option in the Sahel. It reduces soil infiltration time by 1.65%, increase soil fine elements (clay and silt), chemical elements (N, P and K), exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity. In addition, soil respiration under LDF treatment is significantly higher (P = 0.001) than other treatments. Simple plowing, is not recommended in the Sahel. It must necessarily be accompanied by measures to improve the nutrient content of soils, especially with manure. These results could guide agricultural actors (farmers, agricultural extension agents, NGOs) for sustainable farming in the Sahel areas.

scholarly journals Evidence of Preferential Flow Activation in the Vadose Zone via Geophysical Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Lorenzo De Carlo ◽  
Kimberlie Perkins ◽  
Maria Clementina Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Spatial Moments ◽  
Artificial Rainfall ◽  
Preferential Pathways

Preferential pathways allow rapid and non-uniform water movement in the subsurface due to strong heterogeneity of texture, composition, and hydraulic properties. Understanding the importance of preferential pathways is crucial, because they have strong impact on flow and transport hydrodynamics in the unsaturated zone. Particularly, improving knowledge of the water dynamics is essential for estimating travel time through soil to quantify hazards for groundwater, assess aquifer recharge rates, improve agricultural water management, and prevent surface stormflow and flooding hazards. Small scale field heterogeneities cannot be always captured by the limited number of point scale measurements collected. In order to overcome these limitations, noninvasive geophysical techniques have been widely used in the last decade to predict hydrodynamic processes, due to their capability to spatialize hydrogeophysical properties with high resolution. In the test site located in Bari, Southern Italy, the geophysical approach, based on electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring, has been implemented to detect preferential pathways triggered by an artificial rainfall event. ERT-derived soil moisture estimations were obtained in order to quantitatively predict the water storage (m3m−3), water velocity (ms−1), and spread (m2) through preferential pathways by using spatial moments analysis.

The effects of land use change on soil infiltration capacity in China: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 1394-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Sun ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Dexin Guan ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Jiabing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

Estimation of Evapotranspiration and Its Components across China Based on a Modified Priestley–Taylor Algorithm Using Monthly Multi-Layer Soil Moisture Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3118
Author(s):  
Wanqiu Xing ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Quanxi Shao ◽  
Linye Song ◽  
Mingzhu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Constraint Factor ◽  
Jet Propulsion ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Important Constraint ◽  
Different Depths

Although soil moisture (SM) is an important constraint factor of evapotranspiration (ET), the majority of the satellite-driven ET models do not include SM observations, especially the SM at different depths, since its spatial and temporal distribution is difficult to obtain. Based on monthly three-layer SM data at a 0.25° spatial resolution determined from multi-sources, we updated the original Priestley Taylor–Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) algorithm to the Priestley Taylor–Soil Moisture Evapotranspiration (PT-SM ET) algorithm by incorporating SM control into soil evaporation (Es) and canopy transpiration (T). Both algorithms were evaluated using 17 eddy covariance towers across different biomes of China. The PT-SM ET model shows increased R2, NSE and reduced RMSE, Bias, with more improvements occurring in water-limited regions. SM incorporation into T enhanced ET estimates by increasing R2 and NSE by 4% and 18%, respectively, and RMSE and Bias were respectively reduced by 34% and 7 mm. Moreover, we applied the two ET algorithms to the whole of China and found larger increases in T and Es in the central, northeastern, and southern regions of China when using the PT-SM algorithm compared with the original algorithm. Additionally, the estimated mean annual ET increased from the northwest to the southeast. The SM constraint resulted in higher transpiration estimate and lower evaporation estimate. Es was greatest in the northwest arid region, interception was a large fraction in some rainforests, and T was dominant in most other regions. Further improvements in the estimation of ET components at high spatial and temporal resolution are likely to lead to a better understanding of the water movement through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum.

scholarly journals Landslides after wildfire: initiation, magnitude, and mobility

Landslides ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2631-2641
Author(s):  
Francis K. Rengers ◽  
Luke A. McGuire ◽  
Nina S. Oakley ◽  
Jason W. Kean ◽  
Dennis M. Staley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Southwestern Usa

Abstract In the semiarid Southwestern USA, wildfires are commonly followed by runoff-generated debris flows because wildfires remove vegetation and ground cover, which reduces soil infiltration capacity and increases soil erodibility. At a study site in Southern California, we initially observed runoff-generated debris flows in the first year following fire. However, at the same site three years after the fire, the mass-wasting response to a long-duration rainstorm with high rainfall intensity peaks was shallow landsliding rather than runoff-generated debris flows. Moreover, the same storm caused landslides on unburned hillslopes as well as on slopes burned 5 years prior to the storm and areas burned by successive wildfires, 10 years and 3 years before the rainstorm. The landslide density was the highest on the hillslopes that had burned 3 years beforehand, and the hillslopes burned 5 years prior to the storm had low landslide densities, similar to unburned areas. We also found that reburning (i.e., two wildfires within the past 10 years) had little influence on landslide density. Our results indicate that landscape susceptibility to shallow landslides might return to that of unburned conditions after as little as 5 years of vegetation recovery. Moreover, most of the landslide activity was on steep, equatorial-facing slopes that receive higher solar radiation and had slower rates of vegetation regrowth, which further implicates vegetation as a controlling factor on post-fire landslide susceptibility. Finally, the total volume of sediment mobilized by the year 3 landslides was much smaller than the year 1 runoff-generated debris flows, and the landslides were orders of magnitude less mobile than the runoff-generated debris flows.

Conceptualizing Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions within the Ogallala Aquifer Region using Electrical Resistivity Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199
Author(s):  
Weston J. Koehn ◽  
Stacey E. Tucker-Kulesza ◽  
David R. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Imaging ◽  
Ogallala Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
Resistivity Imaging

Dynamic interactions between rivers and aquifers are controlled by the underlying hydrogeologic environment, as well as the type of hydrologic connection between the riverbed and saturated zone. The Arkansas River supplies groundwater to a heavily exploited region of the Ogallala Aquifer across Western Kansas. Site characterizations of this region using existing well and borehole data reveal large scale geologic features that significantly impact recharge processes, such as the Bear Creek fault. However, the existing hydrogeologic data do not provide the level of detail needed to fully understand the contribution of the losing river system to Arkansas Alluvial aquifer recharge. Knowledge about riverbed hydrogeology is acquirable using electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys. ERI surveys and soil sample analysis were conducted at three sites along the Arkansas River to characterize the hydrogeologic environment within the Arkansas River Alluvial aquifer, which overlies the Ogallala aquifer. Temporal changes in electrical resistivity served as an indicator of the hydrologic response of the alluvial sediments to changes in river discharge as different patterns of water movement from the Arkansas River to Arkansas River Alluvial aquifer were observed. The ERI surveys revealed both fully connected and disconnected regions between the riverbed and groundwater table. The results supplement the existing geologic characterization of this region, and provide a more spatially detailed view of the hydrogeologic environment that has a direct causative effect on groundwater surface water interactions. Understanding the behavior of river-aquifer interactions is vital to the ability to predict the future holds of this important groundwater system.

scholarly journals Management of erosion hazard with the agro technology in watershed aie limau kambiang on the upper watershed tarusan

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Aprisal ◽  
Bambang Istijono ◽  
Reski Permata Sari
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

One of the hazards of the erosion is soil infiltration capacity is decreased in the place of occurrence of erosion and increasing the volume of surface flow. It will also lead to the occurrence of the superficiality of the river due to the deposition of materials of soil erosion. These hazards need alternative agrotechnology which could reduce the rate of soil erosion. This research is to know the hazard of soil erosion in the upper watershed of the Aie Limau Kambiang and find out the alternative agrotechnology for reducing the soil erosion. This research was conducted. Soil samples collected was taken in purposive random sampling based on a unit of land. The data were analyzed using the universal soil loss equation. The research results of the largest erosion threat come from the land use of traditional gardens and plant density is low. The highest erosion 151,012.00 ton/ha/year was founded on the plantation blended that have a steep slope over 35% LS value of 9.5. The better of agrotechnology with increasing plant density, that could reduce erosion to 503.40 ton/ha/year. This means that the hazard of soil erosion could be controlled with land management and selected of the better agrotechnology.

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