Changes of Hydrological Components in Arctic Rivers Based on Multi-Source Data during 2003–2016

The hydrological cycle of the Arctic river basin holds an important position in the Earth’s system, which has been significantly disturbed by global warming. This study analyzed recent changes in the hydrological components of two representative Arctic river basins in Siberia and North America, the Lena River Basin (LRB) and Mackenzie River Basin (MRB), respectively. The trends were diagnosed in hydrological components through a comparative analysis and estimations based on remote sensing and observational datasets during 2003–2016. The results showed that the annual precipitation decreased at rates of 1.9 mm/10a and 18.8 mm/10a in the MRB and LRB, respectively. In contrast, evapotranspiration (ET) showed increasing trends, with rates of 9.5 mm/10a and 6.3 mm/10a in the MRB and LRB, respectively. Terrestrial water storage (TWS) was obviously decreased, with rates of 30.3 mm/a and 18.9 mm/a in the MRB and LRB, respectively, which indicated that more freshwater was released. Contradictive trends of the runoffs were found in the two basins, which were increased in the LRB and decreased in the MRB, due to the contributions of the surface water and base flow. In addition, the mean annual cycles of precipitation, ET, TWS, runoff depth, surface flow and base flow behaved differently in both magnitudes and distributions in the LRB and MRB, the trends of which will likely continue with the pronounced warming climate. The current case studies can help to understand the recent changes in the Arctic hydro-climatology and the consequence of global warming in Arctic river basins.

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Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of Indian River basin

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.13.1.04 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 32-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Umesh Kumar Singh ◽

Balwant Kumar

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Groundwater Recharge ◽

River Basin ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

River Basins ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Runoff Generation

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission is altering the global hydrological cycle due to change in rainfall pattern and rising temperature which is responsible for alteration in the physical characteristics of river basin, melting of ice, drought, flood, extreme weather events and alteration in groundwater recharge. In India, water demand for domestic, industrial and agriculture purposes have already increased many folds which are also influencing the water resource system. In addition, climate change has induced the surface temperature of the Indian subcontinent by 0.48 ºC in just last century. However, Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basins have great importance for their exceptional hydro-geological settings and deltaic floodplain wetland ecosystems which support 700 million people in Asia. The climatic variability like alterations in precipitation and temperature over GBM river basins has been observed which signifies the GBM as one of the most vulnerable areas in the world under the potential impact of climate change. Consequently, alteration in river discharge, higher runoff generation, low groundwater recharge and melting of glaciers over GBM river basin could be observed in near future. The consequence of these changes due to climate change over GBM basin may create serious water problem for Indian sub-continents. This paper reviews the literature on the historical climate variations and how climate change affects the hydrological characteristics of different river basins.

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Natural vs. anthropogenic effects in the composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a boreal river with a seasonal base flow component

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2017.216 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 1585-1593

Author(s):

Paula I. A. Niinikoski ◽

Juha A. Karhu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Balance ◽

Inorganic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Base Flow ◽

Annual Cycles ◽

Carbon Quality ◽

Flow Component ◽

Boreal River

Abstract Studying the carbon balance in surface waters gives information on the annual cycles of photosynthesis and respiration. It also provides insight on the water body's capability to serve as a source or sink for atmospheric CO2, which may be essential in evaluating the effects of climate change. The target of this study was the Vantaanjoki River known to have a significant base flow component, located in a densely populated area in southern Finland. The aims of this study were firstly to study if human induced changes are evident in the inorganic carbon quality of the river, and secondly to determine whether the river releases carbon to the atmosphere. These aims were achieved by studying the isotopic composition and contents of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in relation to river discharge. It was evident from the results that the human activities only have mild local and temporal effects on the quality of the DIC in the river. The most important contributors to the changes in the carbon balance are the annual changes in the proportion of the base flow and surface flow components and the escape of CO2 to the atmosphere.

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Hydrological Variability and Changes in the Arctic Circumpolar Tundra and Its Largest Pan-Arctic river Basins from 2002 to 2016

10.20944/preprints201712.0049.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kazuyoshi Suzuki ◽

Koji Matsuo ◽

Dai Yamazaki ◽

Kazuhito Ichii ◽

Yoshihiro Iijima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

River Basins ◽

The Arctic ◽

Lena River ◽

North American Continent ◽

The North ◽

Hydrological Variability ◽

Basin Scale ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Terrestrial Water

The Arctic freshwater budget is critical for understanding the climate in the northern regions. However, the hydrology of the Arctic circumpolar tundra region (ACTR) and the largest pan-Arctic rivers are still not well understood. In the present paper, we analyze the spatiotemporal variations in terrestrial water storage (TWS) of the ACTR, including three of its largest pan-Arctic river basins (Lena, Mackenzie, Yukon), using monthly Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data from 2002 to 2016. Together with global land reanalysis, river runoff, and inundation extent area (IEA) data, we identify declining TWS trends throughout the ACTR that we attribute largely to increasing evapotranspiration driven by increasing summer air temperatures. In terms of regional changes, large and significant negative trends in TWS are observed mainly over the North American continent. At basin scale, we show that, in the Lena River basin, the autumnal TWS signal persists until the winter of the following year, while in the Mackenzie River basin, the TWS levels in the autumn and winter has no significant impact on the following year. As global warming is expected to be particularly significant in the northern regions, our results are important for understanding future TWS trends, with possible further decline.

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The Arctic ice melting confirms the new theory

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2018.153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 321-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ernani Sartori

Keyword(s):

Cloud Cover ◽

Present Author ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Real Data ◽

The Arctic ◽

The Sun ◽

Ice Melting ◽

Annual Cycles ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Arctic Ice

Abstract The new theory shows that the global and the Arctic atmospheres behave as an open atmosphere (few clouds) or as a ‘closed’ atmosphere (fully cloudy), which explains the Arctic ice melting. Within the closed atmosphere the solar radiation, wind and evaporation are reduced while the water and air temperatures and the humidity increase. Real data confirm these effects for the planet and for the Arctic. Many authors did not understand these apparent inconsistencies, but this paper solves many intriguing problems, and provides solutions that led the present author to discover the new hydrological cycle. Some human activities increase the formation of clouds and precipitation or of droughts. The sun is not the only heat source for the atmosphere. Several real data confirm that clouds have increased over decades globally and at the Arctic. These intensifications also confirm the operation of the new hydrological cycle and of the Sartori theory. Many real data show that while the Arctic ice has melted, the cloud cover has pushed the temperatures up above freezing and has raised them by 2–3 °C compared to cloudless skies as well as acting to warm the Arctic for most of the annual cycles.

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Variability of Soil Erosion Intensity Due to Vegetation Cover Changes: Case Study of Orahovacka Rijeka, Montenegro

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47111310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 237-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gojko NIKOLIC ◽

Velibor SPALEVIC ◽

Milic CUROVIC ◽

Abdulvahed KHALEDI DARVISHAN ◽

Goran SKATARIC ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

River Basin ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

National Level ◽

River Basins ◽

Surface Erosion ◽

Erosion Intensity

Vegetation cover change in all the river basins leads to the changes of hydrologic response, soil erosion and sediment dynamics characteristics. Those changes are often viewed as main cause of anthropogenic and accelerated erosion rates in short term and one of the main reasons of climate change in long term. The effects of vegetation cover changes on various parts of water balance and hydrological cycle has to be deeply studied because of its important role on mankind future. The aim of present research was therefore to simulate the responses of soil erosion processes by using a process-oriented soil erosion model IntErO, with the different settings of land use for the years 1977, 1987, 1997, 2006 (2007) and 2016 (2017) in Orahovacka Rijeka watershed; a pilot river basin of the Polimlje Region for the northeastern part of Montenegro. For the current state of land use, calculated peak discharge for the Orahovacka Rijeka was 174-175 m3 s-1 (the incidence of 100 years) and there is a possibility for large flood waves to appear in the studied basin. Real soil losses, Gyear, were calculated on 2614-2921 m3 year-1, specific 229-256 m3 km-2 year-1 (1977-2017). The value of Z coefficient range from 0.444 to 0.478 and indicates that the river basin belongs to III destruction category. The strength of the erosion process is medium, and according to the erosion type, it is surface erosion. According to our analysis the land use changes in the last 40 years influenced the increase of the soil erosion intensity for 11% in the study watershed. Further studies should be focused on the detailed analysis of the land use changes trends with the other river basins at the national level, closely following responses of soil erosion to the changed land use structure. The results and approach also should be used by policymakers in all national natural resources organizations to highlight the role of management.

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Expanding the geographical distribution of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski, 1869) (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) in the basin of the Yenisei River, Eastern Siberia, Russia

Check List ◽

10.15560/15.3.369 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 369-374

Author(s):

Ivan Vladimirovich Zuev ◽

Sergei Mikhailovich Chuprov ◽

Anastasiya Vyacheslavovna Zueva

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

River Basin ◽

River Basins ◽

Middle Part ◽

Water Bodies ◽

The Arctic ◽

Eastern Siberia ◽

Yenisei River ◽

Small Water ◽

The Yenisei River

The currently known geographical distribution of Chekanovskii’s Minnow, Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski, 1869), is limited only by the lower reaches of the arctic river basins in which this species lives. We report R. czekanowskii from the small water bodies of middle part of Yenisei river basin, expanding its distribution to the south of the river basin to 55°51ʹ41ʺ N latitude, more than 100 km south from previously known occurrences of this species.

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New climate models reveal faster and larger increases in Arctic precipitation than previously projected

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-27031-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michelle R. McCrystall ◽

Julienne Stroeve ◽

Mark Serreze ◽

Bruce C. Forbes ◽

James A. Screen

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Climate Models ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Open Water ◽

The Arctic ◽

Arctic Warming ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Intercomparison Project

AbstractAs the Arctic continues to warm faster than the rest of the planet, evidence mounts that the region is experiencing unprecedented environmental change. The hydrological cycle is projected to intensify throughout the twenty-first century, with increased evaporation from expanding open water areas and more precipitation. The latest projections from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) point to more rapid Arctic warming and sea-ice loss by the year 2100 than in previous projections, and consequently, larger and faster changes in the hydrological cycle. Arctic precipitation (rainfall) increases more rapidly in CMIP6 than in CMIP5 due to greater global warming and poleward moisture transport, greater Arctic amplification and sea-ice loss and increased sensitivity of precipitation to Arctic warming. The transition from a snow- to rain-dominated Arctic in the summer and autumn is projected to occur decades earlier and at a lower level of global warming, potentially under 1.5 °C, with profound climatic, ecosystem and socio-economic impacts.

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Identification of sibling species in the genus Eucyclops from water-bodies of Ukraine and Russia using crossbreeding studies

Ecology and Noospherology ◽

10.15421/031406 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (1-2) ◽

pp. 61-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. I. Monchenko ◽

L. P. Gaponova ◽

V. R. Alekseev

Keyword(s):

Cryptic Species ◽

River Basin ◽

Black Sea ◽

Species Complex ◽

River Basins ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Similar Species ◽

Basin Water ◽

Different Populations ◽

Baltic Sea Basin

Crossbreeding experiments were used to estimate cryptic species in water bodies of Ukraine and Russia because the most useful criterion in species independence is reproductive isolation. The problem of cryptic species in the genus Eucyclops was examined using interpopulation crosses of populations collected from Baltic Sea basin (pond of Strelka river basin) and Black Sea basin (water-reservoires of Dnieper, Dniester and Danube rivers basins). The results of reciprocal crosses in Eucyclops serrulatus-group are shown that E. serrulatus from different populations but from water bodies belonging to the same river basin crossed each others successfully. The interpopulation crosses of E. serrulatus populations collected from different river basins (Dnipro, Danube and Dniester river basins) were sterile. In this group of experiments we assigned evidence of sterility to four categories: 1) incomplete copulation or absence of copulation; 2) nonviable eggs; 3) absence of egg membranes or egg sacs 4) empty egg membranes. These crossbreeding studies suggest the presence of cryptic species in the E. serrulatus inhabiting ecologically different populations in many parts of its range. The same crossbreeding experiments were carries out between Eucyclops serrulatus and morphological similar species – Eucyclops macruroides from Baltic and Black Sea basins. The reciprocal crossings between these two species were sterile. Thus taxonomic heterogeneity among species of genus Eucyclops lower in E. macruroides than in E. serrulatus. The interpopulation crosses of E. macruroides populations collected from distant part of range were fertile. These crossbreeding studies suggest that E. macruroides species complex was evaluated as more stable than E. serrulatus species complex.

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