scholarly journals Hydrological Variability and Changes in the Arctic Circumpolar Tundra and Its Largest Pan-Arctic river Basins from 2002 to 2016

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Suzuki ◽  
Koji Matsuo ◽  
Dai Yamazaki ◽  
Kazuhito Ichii ◽  
Yoshihiro Iijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lena River ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Hydrological Variability ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Terrestrial Water

The Arctic freshwater budget is critical for understanding the climate in the northern regions. However, the hydrology of the Arctic circumpolar tundra region (ACTR) and the largest pan-Arctic rivers are still not well understood. In the present paper, we analyze the spatiotemporal variations in terrestrial water storage (TWS) of the ACTR, including three of its largest pan-Arctic river basins (Lena, Mackenzie, Yukon), using monthly Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data from 2002 to 2016. Together with global land reanalysis, river runoff, and inundation extent area (IEA) data, we identify declining TWS trends throughout the ACTR that we attribute largely to increasing evapotranspiration driven by increasing summer air temperatures. In terms of regional changes, large and significant negative trends in TWS are observed mainly over the North American continent. At basin scale, we show that, in the Lena River basin, the autumnal TWS signal persists until the winter of the following year, while in the Mackenzie River basin, the TWS levels in the autumn and winter has no significant impact on the following year. As global warming is expected to be particularly significant in the northern regions, our results are important for understanding future TWS trends, with possible further decline.

scholarly journals Estimation of Continental-Basin-Scale Sublimation in the Lena River Basin, Siberia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Suzuki ◽  
Glen E. Liston ◽  
Koji Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Continental Basin ◽  
Fine Resolution ◽  
The Impact

The Lena River basin in Siberia produces one of the largest river inflows into the Arctic Ocean. One of the most important sources of runoff to the river is spring snowmelt and therefore snow ablation processes have great importance for this basin. In this study, we simulated these processes with fine resolution at basin scale using MicroMet/SnowModel and SnowAssim. To assimilate snow water equivalent (SWE) data in SnowAssim, we used routine daily snow depth data and Sturm’s method. Following the verification of this method for SWE estimation in the basin, we evaluated the impact of snow data assimilation on basin-scale snow ablation. Through validation against MODIS snow coverage data andin situsnow survey observations, we found that SnowAssim could not improve on the original simulation by MicroMet/SnowModel because of estimation errors within the SWE data. Vegetation and accumulated snowfall control the spatial distribution of sublimation and we established that sublimation has an important effect on snow ablation. We found that the ratio of sublimation to snowfall in forests was around 26% and that interannual variation of sublimation modulated spring river runoff.

scholarly journals Basin-Scale Approach to Integration of Agro- and Hydroecological Monitoring for Sustainable Environmental Management: A Case Study of Belgorod Oblast, European Russia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Zhanna Buryak ◽  
Fedor Lisetskii ◽  
Artyom Gusarov ◽  
Anastasiya Narozhnyaya ◽  
Mikhail Kitov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Belgorod Oblast ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Seventh Order

The quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources (both surface and groundwater) is closely related to the need to protect soils against degradation, rationalization of land use, and regulation of surface water runoff within the watershed area. Belgorod Oblast (27,100 km2), one of the administrative regions of European Russia, was chosen as the study area. It is characterized by a high activity of soil erosion (the share of eroded soils is about 48% of the total area of arable land). The development phase of the River Basin Environmental Management Projects (217 river basins from the fourth to seventh order) allowed for the proceeding of the development of an integrated monitoring system for river systems and river basin systems. The methods used to establish a geoecological network for regional monitoring include the selection and application of GIS techniques to quantify the main indicators of ecological state and predisposition of river basins to soil erosion (the share of cropland and forestland, the share of the south-oriented slopes, soil erodibility, Slope Length and Steepness (LS) factor, erosion index of precipitation, and the river network density) and the method of a hierarchical classification of cluster analysis for the grouping of river basins. An approach considering the typology of river basins is also used to expand the regional network of hydrological gauging stations to rationalize the national hydrological monitoring network. By establishing 16 additional gauging stations on rivers from the fourth to seventh order, this approach allows for an increase in the area of hydro-agroecological monitoring by 1.26 times (i.e., up to 77.5% of the total area of Belgorod Oblast). Some integrated indicators of agroecological (on the watershed surface) and hydroecological (in river water flow) monitoring are proposed to improve basin environmental management projects. Six-year monitoring showed the effectiveness of water quality control measures on an example of a decrease in the concentrations of five major pollutants in river waters.

scholarly journals Hydrological modelling of climate change impacts on river flows in Siberia's Lena River Basin and implications for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1577-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hudson ◽  
J. R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Overturning Circulation ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Ensemble Mean ◽  
Meridional Overturning

Abstract A hydrological model of Siberia's Lena River Basin is calibrated and validated against observed river discharge at five stations. Implications of the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario for river discharge are assessed using projections from 41 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 General Circulation Models grouped into 12 genealogical-based groups as well as a group ensemble mean. Annual precipitation increases in all scenarios (1.7–47.4%). Increases in annual PET are of a similar range (6.0–45.5%). PET peaks in June compared to July for the baseline. All temperature changes exceed 1.5 °C (range: 2.2 °C–6.2 °C). The largest absolute increases are in winter (maximum +7 °C). Changes in mean annual discharge range from −8.5 to +69.9%. Ten GCM groups and the group ensemble mean project increases. Earlier snowmelt is dominant so the annual flood peaks in May compared with June for the baseline. Increased discharge of the Lena and other Eurasian rivers to the Arctic Ocean has the potential to impact Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Enhanced fluxes for four groups are capable of weakening the AMOC. Changes for other groups may contribute to weakening when combined with other sources of freshwater and warmer temperatures.

scholarly journals XVII. Contributions to terrestrial magnetism. — No. VII

1846 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 237-336 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
General View ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetism ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Common Unit ◽  
The Moment

Containing a Magnetic Survey of a considerable portion of the North American Continent. From the moment that the fact was known, that the locality of the maximum of the magnetic Force in a hemisphere is not coincident, as was previously supposed, with the locality where the dip of the needle is 90°, researches in terrestrial magnetism assumed an interest and importance greatly exceeding that which they before pos­sessed; for it was obvious that the hypothesis which then generally prevailed regard­ing the distribution of the magnetic Force at the surface of the globe, and which had been based on a too-limited induction, was erroneous, and that even the broad out­ line of the general view of terrestrial magnetism had to be recast. The observations on which this discovery rested, (being those which I had had an opportunity of making in 1818, 1819 and 1820 within the Arctic Circle, and at New York in 1822,) were published in 1825*; they constituted, I may be permitted to say, an important feature in the views, which led the British Association in the year 1835 to request that a report should be prepared, in which the state of our knowledge in respect to the variations of the magnetic Force at different parts of the earth’s sur­face should be reviewed, and, as is customary in the reports presented to that very useful institution, that those measures should be pointed out which appeared most desirable for the advancement of this branch of science. In the maps attached to the report, the isodynamic lines on the surface of the globe were drawn simply in conformity with observations, and unmixed with hypothesis of any sort. The obser­vations collected for that purpose were not those of any particular individual or of any single nation, but embodied the results obtained by all persons who up to that period had taken part in such researches, subjected to such amount of discussion only as conveyed a knowledge of the modes of observation severally employed, and reduced the whole to a common unit.

Evolution of low flows regulation and terrestrial water storage in the Magdalena river basin: Implications for the assessment and monitoring of potential water scarcity in river basins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Salazar ◽  
Silvana Bolaños ◽  
Estiven Rodríguez ◽  
Teresita Betancur ◽  
Juan Camilo Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Magdalena River

<p>Many natural and social phenomena depend on the regulation of river flow regimes. Regulation is defined here as the capacity of river basins to attenuate extreme flows, which includes the capacity to enhance low flows during dry periods of time. This capacity depends on how basins store and release water through time, which in turn depends on manifold processes that can be highly dynamic and sensitive to global change. Here we focus on the Magdalena river basin in northwestern South America, which is critical for water and energy security in Colombia, and has experienced water scarcity problems in the past, including the collapse of the national hydropower system due to El Niño 1991-1992. In this basin we study the evolution of regulation and related processes from two perspectives. First, we present a widely applicable conceptual framework that is based on the scaling theory and allows assessing the evolution of regulation in river basins, and use this framework to show how the Magdalena basin’s regulation capacity has been changing in recent decades. Second, we use data from the GRACE mission to investigate variations in water storage in the basin, and identify recent decreasing trends in both terrestrial water storage and groundwater storage. Further we show that temporal and spatial patterns of water storage depletion are likely related to the occurrence of ENSO extremes and pronounced differences between the lower and higher parts of the basin, including the presence of major wetland systems in the low lands and Andean mountains in the high lands. Our results provide insights on how to assess and monitor regulation in river basins, as well as on how this regulation relates to the dynamics of low flows and water storage, and therefore to potential water scarcity problems.</p>

scholarly journals Satellite-observed variability and trend in sea-ice extent, surface temperature, albedo and clouds in the Arctic

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 457-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefino C. Comiso
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Ice Surface

AbstractRecent observations of a decreasing ice extent and a possible thinning of the ice cover in the Arctic make it imperative that detailed studies of the current Arctic environment are made, especially since the region is known to be highly sensitive to a potential change in climate. A continuous dataset of microwave, thermal infrared and visible satellite data has been analyzed for the first time to concurrently study in spatial detail the variability of the sea-ice cover, surface temperature, albedo and cloud statistics in the region from 1987 to 1998. Large warming anomalies during the last four years (i.e. 1995−98) are indeed apparent and spatially more extensive than previous years. The largest surface temperature anomaly occurred in 1998, but this was confined mainly to the western Arctic and the North American continent, while cooling occurred in other areas. The albedo anomalies show good coherence with the sea-ice concentration anomalies except in the central region, where periodic changes in albedo are observed, indicative of interannual changes in duration and areal extent of melt ponding and snow-free ice cover. The cloud-cover anomalies are more difficult to interpret, but are shown to be well correlated with the expected warming effects of clouds on the sea-ice surface. The results from trend analyses of the data are consistent with a general warming trend and an ice-cover retreat that appear to be even larger during the last dozen years than those previously reported.

scholarly journals Changes of Hydrological Components in Arctic Rivers Based on Multi-Source Data during 2003–2016

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3494
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Mengyan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Earth’S System

The hydrological cycle of the Arctic river basin holds an important position in the Earth’s system, which has been significantly disturbed by global warming. This study analyzed recent changes in the hydrological components of two representative Arctic river basins in Siberia and North America, the Lena River Basin (LRB) and Mackenzie River Basin (MRB), respectively. The trends were diagnosed in hydrological components through a comparative analysis and estimations based on remote sensing and observational datasets during 2003–2016. The results showed that the annual precipitation decreased at rates of 1.9 mm/10a and 18.8 mm/10a in the MRB and LRB, respectively. In contrast, evapotranspiration (ET) showed increasing trends, with rates of 9.5 mm/10a and 6.3 mm/10a in the MRB and LRB, respectively. Terrestrial water storage (TWS) was obviously decreased, with rates of 30.3 mm/a and 18.9 mm/a in the MRB and LRB, respectively, which indicated that more freshwater was released. Contradictive trends of the runoffs were found in the two basins, which were increased in the LRB and decreased in the MRB, due to the contributions of the surface water and base flow. In addition, the mean annual cycles of precipitation, ET, TWS, runoff depth, surface flow and base flow behaved differently in both magnitudes and distributions in the LRB and MRB, the trends of which will likely continue with the pronounced warming climate. The current case studies can help to understand the recent changes in the Arctic hydro-climatology and the consequence of global warming in Arctic river basins.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER BASINS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN SLOPE OF THE CRIMEAN MOUNTAINS (ZAPADNYY BULGANAK, ALMA, KACHA, BELBEK, CHERNAYA RIVER BASINS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
V. A. Tabunshchik
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Crimean Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, Chernaya rivers belong to the rivers of the north-western slope of the Crimean Mountains. The sources of the rivers are located on the north-western slopes of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, then the rivers flow from east to west almost parallel to each other. Up to about the middle of their course, they have a character typical of mountain streams (except for the Zapadnyy Bulganak River). The river valleys in the upper reaches are V-shaped, narrow, their slopes are dissected by numerous gullies and tributaries. There are almost no tributaries in the middle and lower reaches. In the low-water period (low-water period), drying is observed in the estuaries of rivers. The catchment basins have an elongated shape along the river, expanded in the upper part, which is the main feeding area.The considered river basins, although they have, in comparison with the rest, the river basins of the Crimean Peninsula, are better studied in general, but they are not sufficiently studied. In the article author deals with the main morphometric characteristics of river basins of the North-Western slope of the Crimean Mountains. Using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and ArcGIS software for river basins Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, Chernaya are analyzed the following morphometric parameters – area of the basin, the symmetry of the basin, length of the basin, width of the basin, configuration and irregularity of the outline of river basin, the highest and lowest elevation within the basin, the average altitude of the river basin, the average slope of the river basin. Some of the morphometric indicators are calculated for the first time. For morphometric indicators that were partially previously calculated using topographic maps and published in literature, a comparison and analysis with the calculated data is provided. It is established that the using of SRTM and the ArcGIS software allows for fairly accurate measurements of morphometric indicators of the river basin.

The Ninth Circle: The Lena Goldfield Workers and the Massacre of 4 April 1912

Slavic Review ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Melancon
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Railroad Track ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
A Company ◽  
Snow Fall

"Stretching out ahead a frigid wasteland,…so thick a sheet of ice as never locked the Don up in its frozen source"Dante, Inferno, Canto XXXII, "The Ninth Circle"On a wintry early April day, far out in the Lena River basin to the north of Lake Baikal, a file of workers some three thousand strong marched determinedly out of the deforested hills along a road toward a company settlement on the Bodaibo River. Most walked three or four abreast on a road narrowed by the previous night's snow fall, as others trudged along a parallel railroad track a few meters away; within the sparse township, a small figure in the distance waved his arms and shouted but his voice faded in the chill late afternoon air. As the miners proceeded along lengthy stables and stacks of firewood, a uniformed guard hurried forward to persuade them to turn off onto another road. As they rounded the stables, the road curved somewhat bringing them into full view of a substantial building; only a wooden bridge over a small stream and perhaps two hundred meters stood between the workers and their goal. A company of soldiers stood in formation beyond the bridge. The workers' lines faltered uncertainly but people pushed forward from behind.

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