scholarly journals Research on New Energy Vehicle Market Penetration Rate Based on Nested Multinominal Logit Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Kexin Liu ◽  
Hong Shi ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Xiaorong Jian
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Vehicle Purchase ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This article uses the NMNL (nested multinominal logit) model to analyze the impact of different policies on the cost of owning a vehicle by a consumer and discusses the changes in the share of various fuel-driven types of passenger vehicles that may be brought by different policy portfolios. This article also considers the differences in the development of various technical routes, conducts the nested classification calculation of different models, divides the differences in product preferences and obtains the market share results that are more in line with the market development status, providing a basis for the formulation of policies related to new energy vehicles. The study found that the popularization of NEVs requires more cost-reducing measures. As policies that consumers can perceive, consumers are more sensitive to fiscal and taxation policies than other types of policies. Based on the calculation of policy effects, this article recommends a policy plan to gradually impose vehicle purchase tax on NEVs after 2024, increase the fuel tax rate in stages after 2025, and impose an excise tax on BEVs and FCEVs after 2030. The plan can guarantee the stability of support for NEVs and the gradual reduction of financial investment.

scholarly journals System Dynamics Model for the Evolutionary Behaviour of Government Enterprises and Consumers in China’s New Energy Vehicle Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Sun ◽  
Yao Wan ◽  
Huirong Lv
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

Exhaust pollution and energy crises are worsening worldwide. China has become the largest motor vehicle producer; thus, promoting the use of new energy vehicles (NEVs) in China has important practical significance. In this paper, considering the limited rationality of governments, NEV enterprises and consumers, we study the subsidy policy of the China NEV market using the evolutionary game and system dynamics (SD) methods. First, a tripartite evolutionary game model is developed and the replicator dynamics equations and Jacobian matrix are obtained. A SD simulation of the model was conducted to further clarify the impact of the initial market proportion and three variables used in the model. The results show that the initial market proportion affects the evolution speed but does not affect the evolution result when the three group players all choose a mixed strategy. For governments, they should not hastily cancel price subsidies provided to consumers; rather, they should dynamically adjust the rate of the subsidy decrease and increase the consumers’ extra cost for purchasing fuel vehicles (FVs). NEV enterprises should appropriately increase their investments in the research and development (R&D) of NEVs.

scholarly journals The impact of the reduction of consumption subsidies on the industrial chain of new energy vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Mao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Government ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Industrial Chain ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Vehicle Market ◽  
New Energy Vehicles

In recent years, in order to promote the independent development of the new energy vehicle industry, Chinese government has decided to reduce the consumption subsidies for new energy vehicles until the subsidies are completely withdrawn. The reduction of consumption subsidy has a great impact on the production and sales of new energy vehicles in the whole vehicle market. However, does the reduction of this subsidy also have an impact on other enterprises in the new energy vehicles industry chain? This paper tests this problem using data from 2016 to 2018, and finds, through empirical analysis, that during the period of subsidy decline, the profitability of component enterprises is significantly positively correlated with this subsidies, while the r&d investment of enterprises is significantly negatively correlated with this subsidies. The results show that in terms of profitability, the reduction of consumer subsidies not only has an impact on the whole vehicle industry of new energy vehicles, but also has an adverse impact on the core component companies in the industrial chain. However, in terms of r&d, the reduction of subsidies has more negatively strengthened the input and attention of R&D in component companies.

Liberalization at Any Cost? Implications of IMF Policy for Sovereignty and Stability in East Asia

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Michael Spaulding
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Financial Governance ◽  
State Governance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Globalization pits pressures for liberalization against state claims to political and economic sovereignty. Less powerful states in particular face strong pressure from the international trade regime to liberalize their economies irrespective of the impact on domestic stability and national goals. East Asia has been a hold-out against the global trend toward liberalization. This paper shows that the bail-out package demanded by the IMF in 1997 during the East Asian financial crisis imposed unprecedented restrictions on state governance without regard for long-term implications. The paper argues that the IMF's motivation was to harmonize financial governance of the affected economies with Western practices. However, the cost of this initiative to the stability of the region has been overlooked. The East Asian region has carved out for itself a unique niche in the international political economy by resisting penetration of Western finance capital. Already governments have fallen and deep resentments have been sewn over the reversal. More seriously for the future, assumptions that free-market liberalism can be imposed top-down ignore the extent to which economic institutions and preferences are embedded in culture.

Fear Induced Stabilization in an Intraguild Predation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050053
Author(s):  
Mainul Hossain ◽  
Nikhil Pal ◽  
Sudip Samanta ◽  
Joydev Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Stable Limit ◽  
Interior Equilibrium ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In the present paper, we investigate the impact of fear in an intraguild predation model. We consider that the growth rate of intraguild prey (IG prey) is reduced due to the cost of fear of intraguild predator (IG predator), and the growth rate of basal prey is suppressed due to the cost of fear of both the IG prey and the IG predator. The basic mathematical results such as positively invariant space, boundedness of the solutions, persistence of the system have been investigated. We further analyze the existence and local stability of the biologically feasible equilibrium points, and also study the Hopf-bifurcation analysis of the system with respect to the fear parameter. The direction of Hopf-bifurcation and the stability properties of the periodic solutions have also been investigated. We observe that in the absence of fear, omnivory produces chaos in a three-species food chain system. However, fear can stabilize the chaos thus obtained. We also observe that the system shows bistability behavior between IG prey free equilibrium and IG predator free equilibrium, and bistability between IG prey free equilibrium and interior equilibrium. Furthermore, we observe that for a suitable set of parameter values, the system may exhibit multiple stable limit cycles. We perform extensive numerical simulations to explore the rich dynamics of a simple intraguild predation model with fear effect.

scholarly journals A natural experiment reveals the impact of hydroelectric dams on the estuaries of tropical rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. eaau9875 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ezcurra ◽  
E. Barrios ◽  
P. Ezcurra ◽  
A. Ezcurra ◽  
S. Vanderplank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Sediment Trapping ◽  
Tropical Estuaries ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

We tested how sediment trapping by hydroelectric dams affects tropical estuaries by comparing two dammed and two undammed rivers on Mexico’s Pacific coast. We found that dams demonstrably affected the stability and productivity of the estuaries. The two rivers dammed for hydroelectricity had a rapid coastal recession (between 7.9 and 21.5 ha year−1) in what should otherwise be an accretional coastline. The economic consequences of this dam-induced coastal erosion include loss of habitat for fisheries, loss of coastal protection, release of carbon sequestered in coastal sediments, loss of biodiversity, and the decline of estuarine livelihoods. We estimate that the cost of the environmental damages a dam can cause in the lower part of basin almost doubles the purported benefits of emission reductions from hydroelectric generation.

scholarly journals Research on the Development of New Energy Vehicle Sharing in China Based on the Concept of Green Travel

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Anqi Lv ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhu ◽  
Guohua Cheng ◽  
Yi Jia ◽  
Ling Shi
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

As the urbanization in China is accelerating, “urban diseases” such as city congestion and environmental pollution arise. Traffic is one of the important factors leading to such urban problems. Therefore, in order to succeed in pollution prevention and control, overcome the shortcomings in urban traffic, and realize high-quality development of transport service, we should promote the development of green transport based on low carbon and environmental protection, and intensively implement green travel. First of all, we should accelerate the upgrading of transportation equipment technology, speed up the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in the field of car sharing, and promote the green and low-carbon development of transport service. Based on it, this paper first defines the green travel, new energy vehicle sharing and other related concepts, and analyzes the impact of new energy vehicle sharing, and then sorts out the development process of new energy vehicle sharing in China and analyzes the development trend and problems being confronted with in this field, and finally puts forward the development policy suggestions on domestic new energy vehicle sharing.

scholarly journals How leverage can improve performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kmeťko ◽  
Eduard Hyránek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Premium ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Risk Free Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Managed Portfolios ◽  
The Impact

One of the best-known Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAP/M) provides us with a methodology for measuring the relationship between the risk premium and the impact of leverage on expected returns. However, this model is not used only to value the cost of capital but also to evaluate the performance of managed portfolios. We will test how the expected return changes in percent by changing the debt-equity ratio and the tax rate based on following assumptions: market return 7%, risk-free rate of return 1% and beta 1.2. These assumptions will be constant and we will change the debt-equity ratio and tax rate. Based on these results, it is clear that the change in profitability varies, in relation to the change of the DE ratio by one tenth. As for changes I n tax rates, changes in expected profitability are not entirely in direct proportion to these changes.

scholarly journals A modeled radiological dispersive device release and the impact to decision-making in an urban environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-322
Author(s):  
Paulo Oliveira ◽  
Ubiratan Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Stenders ◽  
Ademir Silva ◽  
Helio Vital ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
Radiological Dispersion Device ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

A radiological dispersion device is a weapon that combines radioactive material with conventional explosives for spreading radioactive material across an inhabited area. This study is focused on evaluating key parameters in an radiological dispersion device scenario. The calculations were performed to include two different situations: by using explosives and by simple mechanical release. Simulations were conducted with the use of the HotSpot Health Physics Codes. The results suggest the existence of significant correlations between stability classes in scenarios where they evolve with time, producing alternations between them. As long as the stability class remains constant, this latter finding offers the possibility of creating a suitable response, based on temporal evolutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to: estimate the size of the potentially affected population, estimate absorbed doses, and estimate the cost-effectiveness in order to help initial responses by providing time-sensitive information about the event. A methodology capable of providing useful information allows prompt decisions and initial assessments of future risks to be made efficiently. This approach can also provide a training environment for the personnel responsible for the decision-making at an early stage of the response.

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