Prognostic value of results of the neuro-ophthalmological examination in mild traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Keneshbek Yrysov ◽  
Mikhail Medvedev ◽  
Asel Toktobaeva
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Mild Brain Injury ◽  
Decrease In Visual Acuity

Object of the study consisted in 110 patients with mild brain injury. Age of the injured persons was from 17 to 82 years old. Males accounted for 77 people (77,0%), females — 23 (23,0%). The aim of the study was to consider clinical and functional disorders of the ocular fundus and visual analyzer and to develop and substantiate pathogenetic direction in the prevention of optic nerve atrophy with estimation of its efficiency in the acute period of mild brain injury. Obtained results and their novelty. Decrease in visual acuity due to retinal damage was observed in 5,5% of patients with mild head injury in combination with eye contusion. Narrowing of borders of the indirect vision according to the bitemporal pattern in 7 cases of mild brain injury was accompanied by decrease in visual acuity within the range 0,4–0,7 and optic disc blanching with its distinct borders.

scholarly journals A case of Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy with misleading symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hadbi ◽  
Dalila Benalakma ◽  
Nadia Fellah
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Cerebral Mri ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Decrease In Visual Acuity

Abstract Background The dramatic evolution of incoercible vomiting in pregnancy is at the origin of a rare and serious neurological complication known as EGW; its symptomatology is polymorphic posing a diagnostic problem. MRI is the test of choice for screening. Early vitamin supplementation is essential to improve the maternal-fetal prognosis. Case presentation A 35-year-old parturient, G5P1, without particular pathological history presented incoercible vomiting at 8 weeks, which led to dehydration, undernutrition, and impairment of general condition. Neurological signs: headaches, confused scored at 14 on the Glasgow scale, amnesia, a cerebellar syndrome, sensory-motor deficit. Ophthalmological examination revealed: edema in the eye fundus, a decrease in visual acuity, nystagmus, and ophthalmoplegia. The biological analysis showed moderate hepatic cytolysis. Given the polymorphic neurological symptomatology presented by our parturient, several differential diagnoses were evoked: intracranial hypertension (headache - vomiting - decrease in visual acuity - papillary edema), brain stroke (sensory-motor deficit, ground “pregnancy”), deficit in vitamin B12 (sensory-motor deficit, confusion, memory impairment), and GWE (nystagmus-confusion-ataxia). Cerebral MRI has allowed us to establish the diagnosis of GWE. Conclusion All pregnant with severe hyperemesis gravidarum should be supplemented with thiamine prior to glucose administration to prevent and improve the prognosis of GWE.

scholarly journals Modern Technologies in the Examination of Patients with Optic Nerve Atrophy Due to Multiple Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2S) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Ioyleva ◽  
M. S. Krivosheeva ◽  
E. Yu. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Mean Sensitivity ◽  
Field Defects ◽  
Central Fixation

Purpose: to develop an algorithm for testing patients with optic nerve atrophy due to MS using microperimetry with the different functional disorders.Patients and Methods. There were 20 patients (40 eyes) with the correct diagnosis of MS at the age of 33 ± 1.88 years in the study. The BCVA was from 0.1 to 1.0. Microperimetry was done on MP-1 (Nidek technologies, Vigonza, Italy) with the definition of mean sensitivity, stability and type of fixation. We chose the parameters of microperimetry: the research program, the size of the stimulus, the fixation mark and the test mode.Results. The best program for diagnosing central visual field defects was the program macula 12° 10 dB, for paracentral visual field defects – retina 40° 20 dB. The testing was conducted by using a standard stimulus Goldmann III, mark and survey mode is selected individually, according at the various types of functional disorders. The visual acuity was from 0.1 to 0.4 in 11 eyes with optic nerve atrophy. There were revealed absolute or relative defects of the central field of vision and the decreasing of mean sensitivity to 8.21 ± 2.3 dB, unstable central fixation — 71.18 ± 10, 3%. In 29 eyes with optic nerve atrophy and visual acuity 0.5–1.0 have been identified relative small central visual field defects and paracentral visual field defects in the inferior side with a decrease in sensitivity to 15,32 ± 0,84 dB in the area of 6° from the fixing point, stable central fixation 88,96 ± 2,9%.Conclusion. The authors developed an algorithm for testing patients with optic nerve atrophy due to MS. Using the algorithm identified the central and paracentral visual field defects with the decrease in the mean sensitivity. 

scholarly journals Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

Prognostic value of various intracranial pathologies in traumatic brain injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Lesko ◽  
O. Bouamra ◽  
S. O’Brien ◽  
F. Lecky
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Prognostic Value

Combined corneal and optic nerve pathology

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
M.R. Khabazova ◽  
◽  
E.E. Ioyleva ◽  
N.A. Gavrilova ◽  
N.S. Gadzhieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Corneal Dystrophy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Optic Disc Drusen ◽  
Genetically Determined

A case with ophthalmological manifestations of two genetically determined diseases in one patient with a progressive decrease in visual functions is considered. The clinical picture and modern diagnostic methods necessary for the clinical diagnosis are reflected. The rare occurrence of combinations of congenital diseases of the cornea and optic nerve disc requires special attention during ophthalmological examination. Key words: corneal dystrophy, comorbidity, inherited diseases, optic nerve atrophy, optic disc drusen.

scholarly journals Evaluación del discurso narrativo en pacientes con daño cerebral leve

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ana María Cachón
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Language Therapist ◽  
Speech Evaluation ◽  
Mild Brain Injury ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Subject

In clinical practice there are few test that language therapist can use for the oral speech evaluation. The battery that has been frecuently used for the aphasia assessment, doesn´t usually give us this type of data, and when it happens, it is just a global description of the language of the subject, which doesn't make possible a detailed pursuit of the evolution. The relevance of linguistic production´s assessment becomes more evident in the study of patients with mild injury as well as when patient is in an advanced recovery stage. An assessment without a speech analysis uses to overestimate the subject's capacities and usually ends in an incomplete and inadequate intervention. The aim of the present work was to review different studies that include the narrative speech as part of the assessment, and to explore, with the study of a single case, some applications in this kind of studies for language evaluation in mild brain injury patients.

Late Visual and Auditory Toxicity of Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Rosenblatt ◽  
Olga R Brook ◽  
Nurit Erlich ◽  
Benjamin Miller ◽  
Henry Z Joachims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Fundus Examination ◽  
Radiation Retinopathy ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Aims and Background Classical irradiation of carcinoma of the nasopharynx involves large fields and high doses; therefore, significant late toxicity and late side effects are to be expected. Given the fact that nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a relatively radiosensitive disease and a significant proportion of patients are long-term survivors, late visual and auditory complications of treatment are of utmost concern for patients and radiation oncologists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term visual and auditory toxicity in patients treated with radiotherapy for NPC. Methods and Study Design Forty-three long-term survivors (including 11 children), following definitive radiotherapy for NPC, underwent a thorough visual and auditory evaluation 2–22 years after their treatment. Ophthalmological examination consisted of anamnesis of dry eye syndrome and visual acuity, visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, Schirmer test, fundus examination, and intraocular pressure measurement, as well as fluorescein angiography in patients with pathological vascular findings in the fundus examination. Audiological evaluation included anamnesis of hearing loss, tinnitus or vertigo, examination of the ears and nasopharynx, audiogram, and tympanogram. Results Radiation retinopathy was found in 16% of patients by fundus examination, with one patient (2.3%) developing blindness. Severe dry eye syndrome was present in 26%. Fifty-six percent had some degree of hearing impairment, with 74% showing severe sensorineural hearing loss. Fifty-eight percent of patients reported tinnitus and 26% reported suffering from dizziness. Radiation retinopathy as well as all manifestations of auditory toxicity were found to bear a direct correlation with dose per fraction. Conclusions Unless there is tumor involvement, the orbital contents should be completely excluded from the target volume. Auditory toxicity is significant when treating NPC with two-dimensional techniques.

scholarly journals Latent Class Analysis of Brain Injury Symptomatology among College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e14-e22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hux ◽  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Matthew Lambert
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
General Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mild Brain Injury ◽  
Mean Equality

Background Incidents potentially causing mild brain injury (BI) are common, and most people recover rapidly; however, a subset experiences long-lasting challenges. Objective This study used latent class analysis to identify a subset of college students presenting chronic symptomatology consistent with a mild BI diagnosis and pseudo-class mean equality tests to examine relations between latent classes and BI event and academic outcome variables. Methods Participants were 118/423 undergraduates self-reporting possible mild BIs through a survey about general health, daily habits, academic performance, and potential BI events. Twenty-four cognitive, physiological, or socio-emotional sequelae served to identify symptomatology profiles. Results A three-class model including 11% with high symptomatology, 49% with moderate symptomatology, and 40% with negligible symptomatology provided excellent fit and entropy. Symptoms best separating high and moderate classes were memory, thinking speed, new learning, and attention problems. Mean equality tests revealed no significant difference in number of BI events across classes, but high symptomatology respondents were significantly less likely to lose consciousness and significantly more likely to have lower grade point averages and to have failed courses than moderate symptomatology respondents. Discussion Cognitive problems are paramount in distinguishing college students with chronic high symptomatology following BI from those with moderate and negligible symptomatology. Because high symptomatology class individuals differ academically from their counterparts, a functional consequence of mild BI appears to exist. Conclusion About 1 in 10 undergraduate students self-reporting BI events experiences chronic symptomatology affecting general health and academic achievement. Because they may benefit from supportive services, accurate identification is critical.

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