Possibilities of cytological diagnostics in gynecology. Human papillomavirus as an interdisciplinary problem

2022 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger ◽  
◽  
Irina Yurievna Lepina ◽  
Marina Nikolaevna Bagdasaryan ◽  
◽  
...  

The article presents an analysis of current information on the etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis of human papillomavirus. It is shown that at the current stage of development of laboratory diagnostics there is a reliable screening test — cytological examination of smears taken from the ecto- and endocervix. To diagnose HPV, a combination of microscopic (cytological studies) and molecular genetic (PCR) diagnostic methods is used.

Author(s):  
Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger

Тhe article presents an analysis of current information on the etiology, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis of the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a trigger factor in the pathogenesis of proliferative and inflammatory diseases. HPV-associated cervical cancer is one of the few forms of malignant tumors that can be detected at the precancerous stage or at the earliest stage of cancer: the disease is widespread, has a recognizable preclinical phase, a long period of development, there is a reliable screening test - cytological examination of smears taken from ecto- and endocervix and HPV-testing. Laboratory diagnostics is based on a combination of microscopic (cytological studies) and molecular genetic (PCR) diagnostic methods.


2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Hauck ◽  
Barbara Bangol ◽  
Mirzokhid Rakhmanov ◽  
Hanns-Georg Klein ◽  
Christoph Klein

Abstract:Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are a group of more than 300 conditions associated with inborn defects of different elements of the immune system. First symptoms usually occur during early infancy, but some PIDs may present at first in adolescence or adulthood or after infections with specific pathogens. Typically, the underlying defect results in recurrent and persistent infections that are difficult to treat. However, patients may have a variable and wide set of symptoms ranging from mild to severe and some requiring immediate lifesaving intervention. As PIDs are relatively rare and fundamental immunological knowledge is required to understand them, an accurate diagnosis is often made too late and many patients probably may remain undiagnosed. In this article, we first give an overview on the human immune system and how PIDs are classified according to clinical features and immunological defects. Next, we focus on the possibilities of immunological and molecular genetic diagnostics of PIDs. Benefits and challenges of current diagnostic methods, especially with regard to next-generation sequencing techniques, are discussed.


Author(s):  
Дмитрий Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Елена Анатольевна Фурсова ◽  
Олег Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Наталья Владимировна Якушева ◽  
Артём Николаевич Шевцов

Статья посвящена особенностям выявления новой коронавирусной инфекции у пациентов хирургического профиля (с различной патологией) на уровне приемного отделения БУЗ ВО ВОКБ №1. Данная тематика является весьма актуальной, так как в 2020 году весь мир, в том числе и Россия, столкнулись с новой эпидемиологической угрозой - угрозой новой коронавирусной инфекции. Данная вирусная инфекция показала свою высокую контагиозность и тяжесть течения, обусловленную быстрым развитием целого ряда осложнений. Своевременное выявление пациентов с подобной инфекцией стало одной из первоочередных задач, так как ее выполнение способно помочь сохранить здоровье и жизни медицинского персонала. Интерес к выявлению больных коронавирусной инфекцией в приемном отделении многопрофильного стационара на основании лишь клинических проявлений и результатов лабораторной диагностики обусловлен еще и внутренним регламентом лечебного учреждения и особенностью работы кабинетов компьютерной томографии. Объектами исследования послужило 150 пациентов, мужчин и женщин, поступающих в приемное отделение БУЗ ВО ВОКБ №1 с различной хирургической патологией. В зависимости от последующего обследования все пациентки были разделены на 3 группы по 50 человек. В первую группу вошли пациенты, диагноз которым подтверждался ПЦР-диагностикой; во вторую группу вошли 50 человек, диагноз которым подтверждался наличием антител; третью группу составили пациенты, диагноз новой коронавирусной инфекции у которых не был подтвержден ни при инструментальных, ни при лабораторных методах диагностики. Подробно собирался анамнез, в том числе и эпидемиологический, проводился подробный анализ основных клинических проявлений и результатов лабораторной диагностики (включая ОАК, Б/Х крови, специфические исследования на новую коронавирусную инфекцию). Были установлены основные клинические проявления новой вирусной инфекции, среди которых, наиболее часто встречаемыми стали повышенная температура тела, кашель, слабость и утомляемость. Среди лабораторных показателей крови ведущее место заняли исследование лейкоцитоза при лимфоцитопении, увеличение СОЭ, D-димера и С - реактивного белка. Данная статья представляет интерес для практикующих врачей большинства специальностей, работающих в приемных отделениях многопрофильных стационаров и в поликлиниках. По результатам работы планируется продолжение исследования с большей выборкой пациентов и более узкой патологией The article is devoted to the peculiarities of detecting a new coronavirus infection in surgical patients (with various pathologies) at the level of the admission department of BUZ VO VOKB № 1. This topic is very relevant, since in 2020 the whole world, including Russia, faced a new epidemiological threat - the threat of a new coronavirus infection. This viral infection has shown its high contagiousness and severity of the course, due to the rapid development of a number of complications. Timely identification of patients with such an infection has become one of the priority tasks, since its implementation can help preserve the health and lives of medical personnel. The interest in identifying patients with coronavirus infection in the admission department of a multidisciplinary hospital based only on clinical manifestations and the results of laboratory diagnostics is also due to the internal regulations of the medical institution and the peculiarity of the work of computed tomography rooms. The objects of the study were 150 patients, men and women admitted to the admission department of BUZ VO VOKB № 1 with various surgical pathologies. Depending on the subsequent examination, all patients were divided into 3 groups of 50 people each. The first group included patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by PCR-diagnostics; the second group included 50 people whose diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of antibodies; the third group consisted of patients whose diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection was not confirmed either by instrumental or laboratory diagnostic methods. Anamnesis was collected in detail, including an epidemiological one, a detailed analysis of the main clinical manifestations and results of laboratory diagnostics (including CBC, B / C blood, specific studies for a new coronavirus infection) was carried out. The main clinical manifestations of a new viral infection were established, among which, the most common were fever, cough, weakness and fatigue. Among laboratory blood parameters, the leading place was taken by the study of leukocytosis in lymphocytopenia, an increase in ESR, D-dimer and C - reactive protein. This article is of interest to practicing doctors of most specialties working in the admissions departments of multidisciplinary hospitals and polyclinics. Based on the results of the work, it is planned to continue the study with a larger sample of patients and a narrower pathology


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Vladimir Karpov ◽  
Irina Kleina ◽  
Sergey Kazakov ◽  
Daniil Korabelnikov ◽  
Shamil' Gizatullin

The review on the use of traditional and new methods of laboratory diagnostics of fat embolism syndrome - a complication that in some cases asymptomatically accompanies severe concomitant trauma is presented. The main currently used laboratory diagnostic methods are described: traditional methods and new markers (interleukin-6, neuroglial protein S100B, surfactant protein SP-D). A review of the literature data in terms of assessing the pathogenetic and diagnostic significance of some methods of laboratory diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome, the relationship between the dynamics of the considered laboratory parameters, the clinical picture and inflammation. Own observation is presented. The results show the importance of integrating the whole range of available methods in the diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome.


2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.


GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Vera N Prilepskaya

This article presents information about modern principles of diagnosis and treatment of HPV-associated diseases. Behind cervical cancer morbidity and mortality rates over the past 10 years increase significantly. Examination and observation of patients with human papillomavirus persistence of highly oncogenic types is important a link in cancer prevention. The article presents diagnostic methods, treatment of cervical diseases, as well as the possibility of pharmacotherapy in HPV-associated diseases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
NATALIA S. EPIFANOVA ◽  
◽  
MIKHAIL G. POLOZKOV ◽  

The article studies the necessity and features of transformation of the educational system under conditions of accelerated development in the digital economy. Particular attention in the context of this transformation is given to significance and possibilities of digital literacy, which forms the whole complex of fundamentally new requirements for all participants in the education system. The authors argue that the current stage of development of the digital economy requires the education system not only to digitalize its individual elements and links, but to apply a fundamentally new integrated approach that would transform the education system while taking into account new goals, structure and content of the educational process. The authors define digital literacy as the ability to form and apply educational content through digital technologies. The article gives particular emphasis on the significance and potential of individualizing the educational trajectory and the concept of continuing education. The authors consider the main factors in the development and achievement of the level of digital literacy, considering the requirements that the digital economy is currently imposing on the educational system.


1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia McNicol ◽  
Fernando Guijon ◽  
Robert Brunham ◽  
Michael Gray ◽  
Maria Paraskevas

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