Retention period in children with crossbite

Relevance. Crossbite is a deformation of the dentoskeletal system in the horizontal (transversal) plane, and it results from a discrepancy between the width of the upper and lower dental arches in the anterior or posterior dentition.Crossbite can arise as an isolated condition, and then it is an independent de-formation of the dentoskeletal system. In some cases, a crossbite is combined with a wrong arch-to-arch relationship in the sagittal and vertical planes.The aim was to analyze the duration of the retention period in children with crossbite after the orthodontic treatment.Materials and methods. We orthodontically treated 18 children with crossbite aged 7 to 18 years. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 14 children from 7 to 14 years old with unilateral crossbite (right-sided – 6, left-sided – 8). Group 2 included 4 children from 9 to 18 years old with bilateral crossbite. All 18 children had a buccal crossbite. All patients underwent orthodontic treatment with removable and fixed orthodontic appliances.Results. The retention period after the orthodontic treatment of crossbite lasted 6-9 months.Conclusions. The analysis demonstrated that the retention period after the orthodontic treatment in children with crossbite averaged 6-9 months. The design characteristics of the or-thodontic appliances did not affect the duration of the retention period in children with crossbite.

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Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial strains in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with and without fixed appliances

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/120720-990.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Andrade Pellissari ◽

Gabriela Sergini Pereira Sabino ◽

Roberto Nepomuceno de Souza Lima ◽

Rogério Heládio Lopes Motta ◽

Selly Sayuri Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Fixed Appliances ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify microorganisms isolated from patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances and to evaluate the resistance of isolated bacterial strains to different antimicrobials. Materials and Methods Seventeen healthy patients wearing a fixed orthodontic appliance (group 1) and six nonwearers (group 2, control group) were evaluated. The biofilm that formed around the orthodontic brackets was collected, and the samples were then plated in a chromogenic medium (chromIDT, bioMérieux). Colony-forming units (CFUs) were isolated and inoculated in blood-agar medium. Automated biochemical tests (VITEK 2, bioMérieux) were carried out to identify the genus and species of the microorganisms and the resistance provided by 43 drugs (37 antibacterial and 6 antifungal). Results The most prevalent microbial genera identified in group 1 were Streptococcus (24.0%), Staphylococcus (20.0%), Enterobacter (12.0%), Geobacillus (12.0%), and Candida (12.0%), and the most frequent species were Enterobacter cloacae complex (13.6%) and Staphylococcus hominis (13.6%). In group 2, the most prevalent genera were Streptococcus (57.1%), Staphylococcus (14.2%), Sphingomonas (14.2%), and Enterobacter (14.2%). With regard to antimicrobial resistance, 14 of 19 (74%) isolated bacterial strains were found to be resistant to at least 1 of the tested antimicrobials. Conclusions The findings of the present study suggest that patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances have a more complex biofilm with a higher level of bacterial resistance.

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Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Stabilised Periodontal Patients Undergoing Early Stage of Orthodontic Treatment

Medicine & Health ◽

10.17576/mh.2020.1502.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 96-107

Author(s):

Asma Alhusna Abang Abdullah ◽

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Prospective Clinical Study ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Orthodontic treatment may affect the equilibrium of oral microbiota which plays a major role in aetiology of periodontal disease. This prospective clinical study aimed to assess the periodontal health and microbiological profile of healthy (Group 1) and stabilised periodontal (Group 2) patients throughout three months of orthodontic treatment. Upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances were bonded. Periodontal health was assessed using plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD). 29 sites were taken for subgingival plaque sampling. Plaque samples were inoculated on Trypticase Soy Blood Agar (TSBA) and Trypticase Soy Bacitracin Vancomycin (TSBV) agar for assessment of aerobe, anaerobe, black pigmented bacteria (BPB) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. All the measurements were taken before bonding (T0), 1 week (T1), 1 month (T2) and 3 months post-bonding (T3). Generally, periodontal health in both groups were almost similar. After 1 week, the number of aerobes was significantly higher in Group 1 (88%) while the anaerobes were significantly higher in Group 2 (45%). A. actinomycetemcomitans was higher in Group 1 at T0 and T1 but was significantly higher in Group 2 at T3. BPB was minimal at all time with no significant difference. Thus, during the first 3-month of orthodontic treatment, there were significant changes in the number of aerobes-anaerobes in both healthy and stabilised periodontal patients. Pathogenic bacteria would increase during early treatment of orthodontics.

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Stability of orthodontic treatment outcomes after 1-year treatment with the eruption guidance appliance in the early mixed dentition: A follow-up study

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/041018-269.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 206-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rita Myrlund ◽

Katri Keski-Nisula ◽

Heidi Kerosuo

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Retention Period ◽

Anterior Crowding ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Early Correction ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate occlusal stability from the early mixed to the permanent dentition in children after early treatment with the eruption guidance appliance (EGA). Materials and Methods: Of 46 participants who received 1-year early EGA treatment, 35 attended a follow-up examination at age 12. Group 1 (n = 21) started their EGA treatment at mean age 7.7 years, and group 2 at 9.1 years. Following 1-year treatment, the EGA was used as a retainer. Changes in overjet, overbite, sagittal molar relationship, and anterior crowding were measured on casts obtained before EGA treatment, after EGA treatment, and at follow-up to evaluate occlusal stability. Results: Mean overjet, overbite, sagittal molar relation, and mandibular crowding improved significantly during the study period. Participants with good compliance during the retention period had significantly smaller overjet and overbite values than those with poor compliance. Conclusions: Early correction of increased overjet, overbite, and class II molar relation with the EGA is maintainable and can also be effective in the permanent dentition, provided the EGA is worn regularly as a retainer.

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Effect of oral hygiene training on the plaque control in patients undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs1001007m ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 7-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sava Matic ◽

Mirjana Ivanovic ◽

Predrag Nikolic

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Preventive Program ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Group 2 ◽

Experimental Group

Introduction. During orthodontic treatment, there is increased risk of periodontal disease and caries. Therefore these patients must be trained to maintain proper oral hygiene to minimize risks. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oral hygiene training with different devices as well as a motivation and remotivation in oral hygiene using brochures, verbal methods and tablets for plaque identification. Material and Methods. The study included 80 subjects, both genders, divided in control (20) and experimental groups (60). All examinees in the experimental groups used toothbrush Curaprox CP5460 for oral hygiene. Subjects in experimental group 1 used mouthwash Curasept ADS 205, in the experimental group 2 orthodontic toothbrush CD Ortho 60 and proximal toothbrush Curaprox CPS14 while subjects in experimental group 3 used proximal toothbrush Curaprox CPS14 and mouthwash Curasept ADS 205. All participants were given tablets erythrosine and brochure in which was explained and illustrated the use of the aforementioned means for oral hygiene. Control check ups were conducted at the beginning, after the first, third and sixth month of the preventive program. Results. The values of the examined parameters, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI), in experimental groups were significantly lower compared to control group (p<0.05). Conclusion. Motivation, compliance and implementation of all preventive procedures proposed by this program, as well as regular controls, contributed in maintaining gingival health during orthodontic treatment.

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Assessment of the Remineralisation Products Efficiency in Incipient Caries Lesions Adjacent to the Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.8.7447 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (8) ◽

pp. 2873-2878

Author(s):

Galina Pancu ◽

Gianina Iovan ◽

Simona Stoleriu ◽

Nicoleta Tofan ◽

Antonia Moldovanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Study Group ◽

Orthodontic Therapy ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Incipient Caries ◽

Group 2 ◽

Mouth Rinsing ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Control Samples ◽

Group 1

The aim of the study is to asses, by using microhardness technique, the remineralization effect of some products used in the treatment of early dental caries adjacent to fixed orthodontic appliances. The study was performed on a group of 32 patients receiving fixed orthodontic therapy. The patients were randomly divided in two groups, accordingly to the administered preventive protocol: in group 1 (control) toothpaste Splat Professional Biocalcium (without fluoride) was applied twice a day; in group 2 (study group) toothpaste and mouthwash Vitis anticaries with natrium monofluorophosphate 1450 ppm F, respectively 226 ppm F, twice a day were used. After 60 days, the extraction of premolars was made and the preparation of the samples was done. The microhardness analysis was performed using the device CV 400 DAT (Namicon). The analysis of the results found lower microhardness for the samples submitted to brushing with fluoridated toothpaste and rinsing with fluoridated mouthwash solution, comparing to control (samples submitted only to brushing with non-fluoridated toothpaste). The conclusions of this study confirm the effectiveness of a proper prophylactic protocol (toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste, mouth rinsing with fluoridated mouthwashes) associated to the fixed orthodontics therapy, in the prevention of the early enamel demineralization onset adjacent to brackets.

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Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on nonmicrobial salivary parameters

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/111317-773.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 806-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ioannis P. Zogakis ◽

Erez Koren ◽

Shlomit Gorelik ◽

Isaac Ginsburg ◽

Miriam Shalish

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Salivary Ph ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

The Difference ◽

Ph Decrease

ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine possible changes in the levels of salivary antioxidants, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, pH, proteins, and blood in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Salivary samples from 21 orthodontic patients who met specific inclusion criteria were collected before the beginning of orthodontic treatment (T0; baseline), 1 hour after bonding (T1), and 4–6 weeks after bonding (T2). Oxidant-scavenging ability (OSA) was quantified using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Cortisol and CRP levels were measured using immunoassay kits. pH levels and presence of proteins and blood in the samples were quantified using strip-based tests. Results: A significant decrease in salivary pH was observed after bonding (P = .013). An increase in oxidant-scavenging abilities during orthodontic treatment was detected, but the change was not statistically significant. Cortisol and CRP levels slightly increased after bonding, but the difference was small without statistical significance. Changes in the presence of proteins and blood were also insignificant. Conclusions: Exposure to fixed orthodontic appliances did not show a significant effect on salivary parameters related to inflammation or stress, with the exception of a significant but transient pH decrease after bonding.

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Salivary Sodium and Potassium Concentrations in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Iranian Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.5812/ijo.116064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mahsa Esfehani ◽

Bahareh Mohammad Zahraiee ◽

Sepideh Arab ◽

Fatemeh Hajmanoochehri ◽

Mohammadtaghi Vatandoust

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Potassium Ions ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Sodium And Potassium ◽

Control Study

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess salivary sodium and potassium concentrations in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: In this case-control study, saliva samples (5 cc) were collected from 13 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances before, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the beginning of the orthodontic treatment using the spitting method. Saliva samples were also collected from 10 healthy individuals as controls. The saliva samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and the salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests. P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were almost the same in both groups at baseline (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in sodium and an increase in potassium levels were noted in the case group at 1 week compared with baseline (P < 0.001). At 1 week, the potassium concentration was significantly higher and the sodium concentration was significantly lower in the case group (P < 0.01). The salivary sodium significantly increased while the salivary potassium significantly decreased at 1 month compared with 1 week (P < 0.001). The differences with the control group were also significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups at 3 months (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Time has a significant effect on the release profile of sodium and potassium ions from orthodontic appliances. The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations returned to their normal pretreatment values within 3 months after the start of fixed orthodontic treatment.

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Relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health: A retrospective study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.137651 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

pp. 373-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Fatma Boke ◽

Cagri Gazioglu ◽

Sevil Akkaya ◽

Murat Akkaya

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health. Materials and Methods: A total of 251 patients among whom 177 were girls and 74 were boys, recruited from the records pool of the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, were included in the study. Patients’ treatments have been completed by postgraduate students during the period between 2006 and 2012. Patients’ folders were analyzed according to their age, treatment time, and the type of orthodontic treatment. Intra-oral photographs were analyzed, and the presence or absence of visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession were recorded, and incisor inclinations analyzed on lateral cephalometric films, before and after orthodontic treatment. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in patients treated with functional appliances before and after treatment. In patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession showed significant increases after treatment, gingival biotype did not show any significant difference. Positive correlation was found between lower incisor position and gingival recession in patients treated with fixed appliance and extraction. And also cuspids were the teeth with the highest prevalence of gingival recession. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health, cooperation among patients, orthodontists, and periodontists is important.

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Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj7010021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Imani ◽

Hamid Mozaffari ◽

Mazaher Ramezani ◽

Masoud Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Nickel and chromium ions released from fixed orthodontic appliances may act as allergens. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on salivary levels of these ions by doing a meta-analysis on cross-sectional and cohort studies. The Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases were searched for articles on salivary profile of nickel or chromium in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment published from January 1983 to October 2017. A random-effect meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3 to calculate mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the quality of questionnaire was evaluated by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Fourteen studies were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis. Salivary nickel level was higher in periods of 10 min or less (MD = −11.5 µg/L, 95% CI = −16.92 to −6.07; P < 0.0001) and one day (MD = −1.38 µg/L, 95% CI = −1.97 to −0.80; P < 0.00001) after initiation of treatment compared to baseline (before the insertion of appliance). Salivary chromium level was higher in periods of one day (MD = −6.25 µg/L, 95% CI = −12.00 to −0.49; P = 0.03) and one week (MD = −2.07 µg/L, 95% CI = −3.88 to −0.26; P = 0.03) after the initiation of treatment compared to baseline. Corrosion of fixed orthodontic appliances leads to elevated salivary nickel and chromium concentrations early after initiation of orthodontic treatment. Randomized clinical trials controlling for factors affecting the saliva composition are recommended on a higher number of patients and among different ethnicities.

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Essential Attributes of Clear Aligner Therapy in terms of Appliance Configuration, Hygiene, and Pain Levels during the Pandemic: A Brief Review

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2020/6677929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Anand Marya ◽

Adith Venugopal ◽

Nikhilesh Vaid ◽

Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽

Mohmed Isaqali Karobari

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Careful Evaluation ◽

Long Period ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Clear Aligner

Fixed orthodontic treatment has been compromised at many levels during the pandemic period, as clinics underwent a prolonged lockdown and patients could not be treated regularly. With the end of the pandemic nowhere in sight, may be it is time to put newer tools, such as clear aligner therapy, for better use. Fixed orthodontic appliances by nature are not always self-limiting, which, if left unmonitored over a long period may cause undesirable side effects, pain, and discomfort. The undesired tooth movements that may occur with arch wire-guided mechanics in addition to problems with cut wires or removed brackets may be minimized with the use of aligners. While the benefits of using aligners are for all to see, they do require extensive planning and careful evaluation of the progress. This article reviews the advantages of using aligners during the pandemic period and how it can be beneficial in helping orthodontists resume their practice.

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