scholarly journals Crecimiento económico ecuatoriano: contraste entre “La revolución ciudadana” y los gobiernos

ECA Sinergia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Cedillo Chalaco ◽  
John Alexander Campuzano Vásquez ◽  
María Karolina Jumbo Ramos ◽  
María Eugenia Torres Freire
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Econometric Methodology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

  Este artículo propone un recorrido teórico : la evolución de la demanda agregada en dos períodos de tiempo, en la que, se enfatiza sobre la variabilidad de indicadores macroeconómicos como son: el crecimiento económico, el gasto de gobierno, y, el gasto de consumo final de los hogares; el objetivo principal es contrastar las elasticidades que poseen el gasto de consumo final de los hogares y el gasto del gobierno en el crecimiento económico ecuatoriano en dos dimensiones temporales, la primera que toma años desde 1996 hasta 2006 (período que denominaremos gobiernos predecesores y la segunda del 2007 al 2017 «revolución ciudadana»), a través de la metodología econométrica Cobb-Douglas modificada (función de producción), la que paralelamente tuvo alcance descriptivo y enfoque cuantitativo. Teniendo como resultados principales, que a pesar de que en el periodo del gobierno denominado de la revolución ciudadana el gasto fue superior tanto por parte del gobierno como de los hogares, las mayores tasas de crecimiento económico se dieron en el periodo de los gobiernos predecesores.   Palabras clave: Crecimiento económico, Gasto, Cobb Douglas, Revolución ciudadana, Gobiernos predecesores.   ABSTRACT   This article proposes a theoretical tour: the evolution of aggregate demand in two periods of time, in which the variability of macroeconomic indicators such as: economic growth, government spending, and final consumption spending is emphasized. of households; The main objective is to contrast the elasticities that household final consumption spending and government spending have on Ecuadorian economic growth in two temporal dimensions, the first taking years from 1996 to 2006 (a period that we will call predecessor governments and the second from 2007 to 2017 «citizen revolution»), through the modified Cobb-Douglas econometric methodology (production function), which in parallel had a descriptive scope and a quantitative approach. Taking as main results, that despite the fact that in the period of the government called the citizen’s revolution, spending was higher by both the government and households, the highest rates of economic growth occurred in the period of the predecessor governments.   Keywords: Economic growth, Spending, Cobb Douglas, Citizen revolution, Predecessor governments.

Effects of zakat on the economic growth in selected Islamic countries: empirical evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoutem Ben Jedidia ◽  
khouloud Guerbouj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of zakat on the economic growth for a sample of Muslim countries. As a matter of fact, Zakat is a religious tax on wealth paid annually to specified recipients. As it leads to income redistribution and increases the aggregate demand, zakat can be a growth factor in the Islamic framework. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a dynamic panel data model for the purpose of investigating the role of zakat in the economic growth for a sample of eight Muslim countries during the period ranging from 2004 to 2017. The general method of moments is applied. Findings The findings provide evidence that zakat stimulates the country’s growth. Indeed, as zakat funds are directed to increase consumption, investment or government expenditure, they spur on the economic growth. Moreover, the authors come to the conclusion that more trade openness allows an increase in the real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. However, the broad money to GDP and population growth rate seem insignificantly associated with the economic growth for the sample considered. Practical implications The findings have substantial implications for the economic policy in Muslim countries. Authorities may further rely on zakat to boost the economic growth. First, it is essential to improve the muzakki’s knowledge on zakat to increase their intention, and so their ability and willingness to pay zakat. Second, the government intervention in both zakat collect and distribution becomes mandatory. Therefore, the contribution of zakat to the economic growth will be higher. This requires better-quality services of zakat institutions. Originality/value A few studies have empirically looked into the impact of zakat on the economic growth, especially for panel data. Hence, the present study tries to enrich the literature on this topic. It creates significant evidence regarding the relevance of zakat in Muslim countries. The findings provide empirical support that zakat is an additional growth factor in the Islamic framework.

scholarly journals Government Spending and Non-Oil Economic Growth in the UAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Carole Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The present paper studies empirically the relationship between government spending and non-oil economic growth in the UAE for the last four decades by using the vector autoregression (VAR) approach. The findings of the study suggest that the implementation of expansionary policy, through the intensification of current and development public expenditures, induces an increase in the non-oil economic growth during the subsequent periods of the government spending shock. Thus, the implementation of expansionary government spending stimulates the UAE economy, especially during recession periods. The study suggests that policymakers should concentrate their spending on the right projects, as well as on research and development. Moreover, they should channel their transfers and subsidies to the productive sectors, and they should ensure that higher productivity in public institutions is in conjunction with the rise in wages and salaries to achieve sustainable economic growth.

Government expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitana Dudzevičiūtė ◽  
Agnė Šimelytė ◽  
Aušra Liučvaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide more reliable estimates of the relationship between government spending and economic growth in the European Union (EU) during the period of 1995-2015. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consisted of several different stages. In the first stage for an assessment of dynamics of government spending and economic growth indicators over two decades, descriptive statistics analysis was employed. Correlation analysis helped to identify the relationships between government expenditures (GEs) and economic growth. In the third stage, for modeling the relationship and the estimation of causality between GE and economic growth, Granger causality testing was applied. Findings The research indicated that eight EU countries have a significant relationship between government spending and economic growth. Research limitations/implications This study has been bounded by general GE and economic growth only. The breakdowns of general GE on the basis of the activities they support have not been considered in this paper, which is the main limitation of the research. Despite the limitation, it might be maintained that the research highlights key relationships in the EU countries. Originality/value These insights might be useful for policy makers. In countries with unidirectional causality running from GE to economic growth, the government can employ expenditure as a factor for growth. The governments should ensure that resources are properly managed and efficiently allocated to accelerate economic growth in the countries with unidirectional causality from GDP to GE.

Investigating the non-linear Wagner’s hypothesis in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Lydia A. Leshoro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Regression Error ◽  
The Government

Purpose The commonly adopted view of the relationship between government spending and economic growth follows the Keynesian approach, in which government spending is considered to determine economic growth. However, there is another theory, which suggests that economic growth in fact determines government spending. This is Wagner’s hypothesis. The purpose of this paper is to investigate which of the two approaches applies to South Africa, and further observes the level of non-linearity between the two variables. Design/methodology/approach This study was carried out using quarterly time series data from 1980Q1 to 2015Q1. Granger causality technique was used to observe the direction of causality between the two variables, while regression error specification test (RESET) was employed to determine whether the variables exhibit linear or non-linear behaviour. This was followed by observing the threshold band, using two techniques, namely, sample splitting threshold regression and quadratic generalised method of moments. Findings The causality result shows that South Africa follows Wagner’s law, whereby government spending is determined by economic growth, supporting Odhiambo (2015). The RESET result shows that the variables depict a non-linear relationship, thus the government spending economic growth model is non-linear. It was found that if positive economic development is to be achieved, economic growth should preferably be kept within the −1.69 and 3.0 per cent band, and specifically above 1 per cent band. Originality/value The unique contribution of this study is that no previous study has attempted the non-linear government spending-economic growth nexus whether within the Keynesian or Wagner law for South Africa.

scholarly journals Realisasi Pengeluaran Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Yuliarti Yuliarti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Government

To create positive economic growth and maintain economic stability, the role of the government is needed. The implementation of regional autonomy since early 2001 is a form of government strategy to encourage economic growth not only in the regions around the center but also in areas that are far from the center's reach. The implementation of regional autonomy is in accordance with Law No.22 of 1999 concerning regional autonomy, as well as Law No. 32 of 2004 concerning local government. The government can regulate the course of the economy by determining the amount of government revenue and expenditure each year, which is reflected in the National Budget (APBN) for the national budget and the Regional Budget (APBD) for the region or region. This government expenditure is a form of fiscal policy. During the period of 2010-2019, it can be seen that the realization of the expenditure of the government of West Sumatra is more used for indirect expenditure than direct expenditure. For the average economic growth rate over the past ten years, West Sumatra has the second highest average growth rate compared to other provinces, which is 2.24%, but the growth rate per year is still fluctuating and even more often decreases in percentage. Therefore, the authors are interested in examining how the influence of the realization of government spending on economic growth in West Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence the realization of government spending on economic growth in West Sumatra Province. This research uses quantitative data. The data analysis model used is simple linear regression and includes statistical tests. The results of the study show that government spending has a significant effect on economic growth in the province of West Sumatra.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI PROVINSI BENGKULU

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merri Anitasari ◽  
Ahmad Soleh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Merri Anitasari, Ahmad Soleh; Pengaruh Pengeluaran Pemerintah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Bengkulu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di provinsi Bengkulu dengan menggunakan data sekunder periode pengamatan tahun 2001-2012 yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS 16 menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di provinsi Bengkulu. Jika pemerintah menaikkan pengeluaran pemerintah sebesar 1 miliar rupiah, maka akan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebesar 1,17 % per tahun. Sedangkan pengaruh pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah kabupaten/kota menunjukkan bahwa dari jumlah 10 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Bengkulu, kabupaten Rejang Lebong dan kota Bengkulu yang memiliki hasil bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerahnya. Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara memiliki pengaruh yang negatif sedangkan 7 kabupaten lainnya memiliki hasil yang positif namun tidak signifikan. Sebagian besar kabupaten di Provinsi Bengkulu dikategorikan sebagai daerah yang baru membangun yang merupakan hasil pemekaran pasca pemberlakuan otonomi daerah. Sehingga dalam jangka pendek pengeluaran pemerintah dianggap belum mampu menstimulus kegiatan sektor-sektor perekonomian serta memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah tersebut.Merri Anitasari, Ahmad Soleh; Impact of Government Spending on Economic Growth In Bengkulu Province. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of government spending on economic growth in the province of Bengkulu using secondary data observation period 2001 - 2012 year were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Results of analysis using SPSS 16 shows that government spending and significant positive effect on economic growth in the province ofBengkulu. If the government raised government spending by 1 billion dollars, it will be able to boost economic growth by 1.17% per year. While the effect of government spending on economic growth in the district/city showed that of a total of 10 districts cities in Bengkulu province, Rejang Lebong district and Bengkulu City which has the result that government spending and significant positive effect on economic growth in the region. North Bengkulu has a negative effect, while seven other districts have a positive outcome, but not significantly. Most districts in the province of Bengkulu categorized as new building is the result of the division after the implementation of regional autonomy. So in the short-term government spending is considered not able to stimulate activity sectors of the economy and spur economic growth in the area.Key Word: Government Spending, Economic Growth, Bengkulu Province

scholarly journals Determinants of Indonesia’s National Income: An Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Prihartini Budi Astuti ◽  
Nur Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
National Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Government

At the end of 2019, most countries experienced an economic slowdown due to a trade war between the United States and China. According to macroeconomic theory, aggregate demand is one of the factors that influence economic growth. This study aims to add the debate and fill the gap by studying the relationship between aggregate demand and economic growth in the case of Indonesia. Using an Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag analysis, the results indicate that in the long-run, household consumption and investment had a positive effect on Indonesia's national income in 2010-2019. It means that the government must continue to make policies to maintain the purchasing power of Indonesian consumers, so that public consumption remains high, and maintaining the investment climate to be more conducive. On the other hand, government expenditure and net exports variables have no impact on Indonesia's national income in 2010-2019.JEL Classification: E01, E12, O47How to Cite:Astuti, P. B., & Khasanah, N. (2020). Determinants of Indonesia’s National Income: An Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Analysis. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 207-218. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.14469.

scholarly journals Impact of the government size on economic growth in the Western Balkan countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Roberta Bajrami ◽  
Adelina Gashi ◽  
Kosovare Ukshini ◽  
Donat Rexha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Government Consumption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The Keynesian theory states that economic growth is positively affected by government spending, while Classical theory states that economic growth is negatively affected by government spending, as is stated by neoclassical public choice theorists (Nyasha & Odhiambo, 2019). Based on these theories, many authors have carried out research on the impact of economic freedom on economic growth by analyzing various empirical cases. Bergh and Karlsson (2010) with the findings from his paper confirmed that the countries with the highest government size have an elevated growth in the globalization index of KOF and the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom index. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the government size impact on the growth of the economy in the Western Balkan in the time period 2000–2017 according to Fraser Institute’s data, incorporating the following econometric models: fixed and random effects, pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), and Hausman-Taylor IV. With these models, this paper analyzes a government size and its components: government enterprises and investment, government consumption, transfers, and subsidies. The results illustrate a relationship between the size of the government and the growth of the economy in the Western Balkans that is positive. 1% increase in government size affects 0.29% gross domestic product (GDP) growth per capita. According to the Hausman-Taylor instrumental variable, 1% growth of government consumption is affected by 0.69% the decline in GDP per capita. The growth rate of transfers and subsidies affects 0.17% of GDP growth per capita and 1% of government enterprises and investment affects 0.54% GDP growth per capita.

Effect of Government Spending Policies on Education on Human Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): أثر سياسات الإنفاق الحكومي على التعليم على مراكمة رأس المال البشري والنمو الاقتصادي في دول الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا (MENA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 65-90
Author(s):  
Emad Adnan Matyori Emad Adnan Matyori
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
The Government

This study aims to estimates the effect of government spending on education and its policies on the accumulation of human capital and then economic growth, for this purpose, we use the econometric method, and employed the simultaneous equations model, for a sample of fourteen countries from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) For the period (1980- 2019); The study concluded, in the first estimates stage of the model, that most of the government spending policies on education used in the study positively affect the accumulation of human capital, except, government spending policy on education at basic educational levels, which had a negative impact. And in the second estimates stage of the model, The study concluded, a positive impact of the accumulated human capital due to government spending on education and its policies on economic growth; Consequently, government spending policies on education positively affect economic growth through the channel of human capital accumulation, expressed in the composite index based on the Barrow- Lee database of average years of schooling for the working- age population, adjusted for the quality and return of education. The study made the following recommendations: interest to international education indicators data, as it is the basis for managing the educational system. Study more government spending policies on education to reveal its role in human capital accumulation and economic growth.: interest to human capital when formulating government policies, targeting its development, and increasing its contribution to GDP.

Government Expenditure on Infrastructure as a Driver for Economic Growth in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Amadi Kelvin Chijioke ◽  
Alolote Ibim Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
The Government

This study primary examines the effects of government infrastructural expenditure on economic development in Nigeria. Secondary data sourced from reported annual spending on selected infrastructure and annual Gross Domestic Products were statistically analyzed. The data treatments used for the secondary data were unit root and co-integration tests using Augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillip–Perron model. Weighted least square was also used to test the sample of 37-year annual time series using vector error correction model. The data analysis was done with descriptive statistics. Findings from the study revealed that government spending on transport, communication, education and health infrastructure have significant effects on economic growth; spending on agriculture and natural resources infrastructure recorded a significant inverse effect on economic growth in Nigeria. An element of fiscal illusion was observed in the government spending on agriculture and natural resources indicating that government is not contributing as much as the private sector in spending on agriculture and natural resources infrastructure in Nigeria.

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