EFFICIENCY NON-TRADITIONAL FEED IN CATTLE BREEDING IN YAKUTIA

Author(s):  
Н.М. ЧЕРНОГРАДСКАЯ ◽  
М.Ф. ГРИГОРЬЕВ ◽  
А.И. ГРИГОРЬЕВА ◽  
А.Н. КЮНДЯЙЦЕВА

Целью исследований являлось определение эффективности производства молока при внедрении местных нетрадиционных кормовых добавок в кормлении первотелок красной степной породы. Научно-производственных опыт был проведен в условиях сельхозкооператива Республики Саха (Якутия). По методу аналогов были сформированы опытная и контрольная группы. В период проведения производственного опыта первотелки контрольной группы потребляли основной рацион. Первотелки опытной группы дополнительно к основному рациону получали на 1 голову цеолит в дозе 1 г на 1 кг живой массы, 300 г сапропеля и 60 г Кемпендяйской соли. При включении местных нетрадиционных кормовых добавок в рацион первотелок отмечено улучшение молочной продуктивности. В опытной группе на производство 1 кг молока было затрачено 1,48 ЭКЕ против 1,67 в контрольной группе. При сравнении среднесуточного удоя отмечена разница в контрольной группе 7,73 кг, в опытной — 8,58 кг молока, при этом валовое производство молока составило 127185 и 141215 кг, соответственно. Включение местных нетрадиционных кормовых добавок в состав рациона первотелок способствовало повышению молочной продуктивности на 10,09%. При изучении экономической эффективности внедрения местных нетрадиционных кормовых добавок в кормлении первотелок было установлено, что в опытной группе животных было дополнительно получено 653,5 тыс. руб. при дополнительных затратах 19,8 тыс. руб. Таким образом, использование местных нетрадиционных кормовых добавок в кормлении первотелок способствует повышению молочной продуктивности. The aim of the research was to determine the efficiency of milk production when introducing local non-traditional feed additives in the feeding of heifers of the red steppe breed. Scientific experience was carried out in the conditions of the Agricultural Production Cooperative "Crosses" of the Suntarsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). To conduct the experiment, the experimental and control groups were formed by the method of analogues. During the production experience, the control group first calves consumed the main diet. An experimental group of heifers in addition to the main diet received zeolite per 1 head in a dose of 1 g per 1 kg of live weight, 300 g of sapropel and 60 g of Kempendiai salt. When local non-traditional feed additives were included in the feeding of heifers, there was an improvement in milk productivity, so in the experimental group of animals 1.48 energy feed units were spent on the production of 1 kg of milk compared to 1.67 in the control group. When comparing the average daily milk yield, the difference in the control group was 7.73 kg, and in the experimental group 8.58 kg of milk, while the gross milk production was 127185 and 141215 kg, respectively. The inclusion of local non-traditional feed additives in the diet of heifers contributed to an increase in milk productivity by 10.09%. When studying the economic efficiency of introducing local non-traditional feed additives in the feeding of heifers, it was found that 653.5 thousand rubles were received in the experimental group of animals. at additional costs 19.8 thousand rubles. Thus, the use of local non-traditional feed additives in feeding heifers contributes to an increase in milk productivity.

Author(s):  
V. V. Pankratov ◽  
A. A. Sidorov

One of the main branches of agriculture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is productive horse breeding. In this regard, we can use the valuable raw materials that the horse gives due to its high adaptability to local conditions. The development of productive horse breeding in particular dairy horse breeding under the conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) would allow providing the population with natural, dietary food and more efficient use of land resources. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of zeolite and zeolite-sapropel feed additives in the ration of mares of Megezhek breed on the milk productivity and quality of kumiss under the conditions of Central Yakutia. Two scientific and economic experiments have been carried out where the influence of zeolite from the Suntar deposit (experiment 1) and zeolite-sapropel feed additives (experiment 2) on the milk productivity and physiological parameters of mares of Megezhek breed has been studied. The optimal doses of the effect of zeolite and zeolite-sapropel feed additives on the profi tability of kumiss production have been determined. It has been found in the first scientific and economic experiment that when adding 0,4 g of zeolite per 1 kg of live weight to the daily ration of lactating mares the level of profi tability of milk production increased to 20,4 %, and when adding 0,5 g per 1 kg of live weight the profi tability index increased to 21,5 %, compared to 13,7 % in the control group. In the second scientific and economic experiment the infl uence of the zeolite-sapropel feed additive on the intensity of digestion and assimilation of nutrients in the mares’ rations has been determined. The analysis of the experimental data indicates a high economic efficiency of using zeolite-sapropel feed additive in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups of mares, where the level of profi tability of production was equal to 27,34 and 32,33 %, respectively, compared to 16,09 % in the control group.


Author(s):  
О.В.к.б.н. ЛАТЫШЕВА ◽  
А.В. ИВАНОВ

Изучено влияние белково-витаминного минерального концентрата (БВМК) на молочную продуктивность коров и рассчитана экономическая эффективность его применения. Для проведения опыта с учетом количества дней лактации были сформированы 3 контрольные и 3 опытные группы по 10 голов. В I контрольную и I опытную группы вошли животные на стадии раздоя (30—60 дней лактации), во II контрольную и II опытную группы — коровы в середине лактации (150—180 дней), в III контрольную и III опытную — животные в конце лактации (240—270 дней). Для коров опытных групп были составлены рационы с БВМК, которым заменяли пропорциональное количество концентрированных кормов и часть витаминно-минерального премикса. Коровы I опытной группы получали с рационом БВМК «Статус VI» в количестве 1200 г, II опытной — БВМК «Статус I» по 350 г, III опытной — БВМК «Статус I» по 250 г на 1 голову в сутки. Максимальный уровень молочной продуктивности по результатам опыта показали животные II опытной группы. Среднесуточный удой за 60 дней опыта у них составил 46,1±1,11 кг, что больше на 4,7 кг молока, или на 11,4% (P≤0,05), чем во II контрольной группе. В период раздоя среднесуточный удой за 60 дней опыта в I контрольной и I опытной группах был на уровне 36,4±1,37 кг и 42,4±1,22 кг молока соответственно. Достоверное различие (P≤0,01) между ними составило 6,0 кг молока, или 16,5%. Наименьший среднесуточный удой за период опыта показали животные III контрольной (26,4±1,20 кг) и III опытной (28,5±1,53 кг) групп. Различие между ними было менее существенным, чем у коров в период раздоя и в середине лактации, и составило 2,1 кг, или 8,0%. Применение БВМК в кормлении лактирующих коров дало выраженный экономический эффект. Дополнительно полученная прибыль в расчете на 1 голову в сутки составила: в I — 127,4 руб., во II опытной группе — 117,0 руб., в III — 33,4 руб. The influence of PVMC on the milk productivity of cows has been studied and the economic efficiency of its application has been calculated. To experiment, taking into account the number of days of lactation, 3 control and 3 experimental groups of 10 animals each were formed. The 1st control and 1st experimental groups included animals at the milking stage (30—60 days of lactation), the 2nd control and 2nd experimental groups — cows in the middle of lactation (150—180 days of lactation), 3 control and 3rd experimental — animals at the end of lactation (240—270 days of lactation). For the cows of the experimental groups, rations were made with PVMC, which was replaced by a proportional amount of concentrated feed and a part of the vitamin and mineral premix. Cows of the 1st experimental group received a diet of PVMC «STATUS VI» in the amount of 1200 g / head/day, the 2nd experimental group — PVMC «STATUS I» at 350 g / head/day, the 3rd experimental group — PVMC «STATUS I» 250 g / head/day. The maximum level of milk productivity according to the results of the experiment was shown by the animals of the 2nd experimental group. The average daily milk yield for 60 days of the experiment was 46.1±1.11 kg, which is more by 4.7 kg of milk or 11.4% (P≤0,05) than in the 2nd control group. During the period of milking, the average daily milk yield for 60 days of the experiment in the 1st control and 1st experimental groups was at the level of 36.4±1.37 kg and 42.4±1.22 kg of milk, respectively. A significant difference (P≤0,01) between them was 6,0 kg of milk or 16.5%. The smallest average daily milk yield throughout the experiment was shown by the animals of the 3rd control (26,4±1,20 kg) and 3rd experimental groups (28.5±1.53 kg). The difference between them was less significant than in animals during the milk period and in the middle of lactation and amounted to 2.1 kg or 8,0%. The use of PVMC in feeding lactating cows gave a pronounced economic effect. Also, the profit received per head per day was: in the 1st experimental group (milking period) — 127.4 rubles; in the 2nd experimental group (mid—lactation) — 117.0 rubles; in the 3rd experimental group (end of lactation) — 33.4 rubles.


2020 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Malkov ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr S. Krasnoperov ◽  
Antonina P. Poryvaeva ◽  
Natalya A. Vereshchak ◽  
...  

Promising direction in ensuring food security and independence of Russia is the widespread use and study of new feed additives of probiotic action. Today, probiotic preparations are widely used in dairy farming. They support the positive microbial balance of the gastrointestinal tract and stimulate the activity of the digestive, motor-evacuation, hormonal and immune systems. Authors studied the efficiency of the composition of 2 strains of Bacillus subtilis during 14 days after calving (1 experimental group) and 14 days before calving and 14 days after calving (2 experimental group) in the technology of milk production and improving its quality. In the process of conducting scientific and industrial experience, modern research methods were used that were able to obtain high-quality and most informative data on the processes occurring in the body. Analysis of the results of hematological blood parameters of animals of all groups confirmed the physiological of recovery of the cow's body in the postpartum period, but with different degrees of intensity. Animals of the experimental groups reached peak milk production. By the end of the third month in group 1, milk productivity was 28.94±6.84 kg, in group 2 - 32.17±3.33 kg, which formed an increase of 6.44% and 15.59% relative to the background values. In the control group of cows-27.90±7.25 kg. By day 150, the average daily milk yield in animals of the first group was 25.07 ± 4.38 kg, the second - 25.33 ± 2.52 kg, control 22.75 ± 8.82 kg. Milk quality indicators - fat and protein content in animals receiving probiotic supplements were variable. In the milk of animals of the 1st and 2nd groups, the average fat content was recorded 3.69 g / 100g and 3.74 g / 100g, respectively, and the average protein content was 3.104 g / 100 g and 3.240 g / 100 g. In peers of the control group, the fat and protein content in milk was determined to be 3.79 g / 100 g and 3.016 g / 100 g. The studies established and proved the promise of the widespread introduction of probiotic in dairy cattle breeding, which was based on the composition of endo- and exometabolites of 2 strains of Bacillus subtilis. There was an improvement in the physiological status and an increase in the milk productivity of Holstein cows of the black-motley breed.


Author(s):  
N. Chernogradskaya ◽  
M. Grigorev ◽  
A. Grigoreva ◽  
A. Kyundyaytseva ◽  
A. Shadrin ◽  
...  

The results of research and production experiment on the use of local non-traditional feed additives in the feeding of Simmental first-calf heifers in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) have been presented in the article. A series of scientific and economic experiments have already been conducted to determine the norms for including local non-traditional feed additives in the rations of cattle, but they The results of research and production experiment on the use of local non-traditional feed additives in the feeding of Simmental first-calf heifers in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) have been presented in the article. A series of scientific and economic experiments have already been conducted to determine the norms for including local non-traditional feed additives in the rations of cattle, but they were not sufficient for the rational use of these feed additives. In order to determine the effectiveness of the use of local feed additives a scientific and economic experiment has been carried out under the environments of the APC “Krestyakh” in the Suntarsky district. Two groups of first-calf heifers have been selected per 50 heads in each. The groups have been formed by using the method of analogues. The environments of housing in all groups have been the same. The difference was that the experimental group of first-calf heifers have received from the local unconventional feed additives (zeolite khongurin, sapropel and Kempendyaskay salt). The results of the production test have shown that the experimental group of first-calf heifers exceeded the control group’s analogues in terms of milk yield by 233,4 kg or 9,4 %. Experimental group of first-calf heifers has had more high content of fat in milk 0,17 abs.%. When recalculating the content of fat in milk for 4 %, the difference in gross milk yield between the groups was 16,73 t or 14,3 % in favor of the experimental group. Economic analysis of the results of research and production experiment has shown that there was a significant difference in profit between the groups. So, in the control group it was 462 247,46 rubles, and in the experimental group 528 444,43 rubles. Additional profit in the experimental group was equal to 66 196,97 rubles, while the level of profitability was 8,2 %. Thus, the results of the research have shown that first-calf heifers of Simmental breed that received local non-traditional feed additives had higher milk productivity.


Author(s):  
A. A. Volokhovich ◽  
R. R. Fatkullin

Currently it has become popular to use different feed additives that allow us to increase the indicators of live weight gain by accelerating the metabolic processes in the body of animals, which allows us to take everything from the feed and to the maximum. With the advent of this trend in the market the range of feed additives in different directions has increased. For the research we have selected Vermiculite Expanded as a feed additive. The purpose of the research was to search the dynamics of changes in blood parameters in experimental steers in comparison with the control group against the background of the use of the feed additive Vermiculite Expanded. An assessment of blood parameters of Kazakh White-headed steers against the background of the use of mineral feed additive has been presented in the article. Three groups of steers have been formed for the research: the 1st group has been as a control and received the main economic ration; the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received the feed additive to the main feeding ration in doses of 10 and 15 g/head for the groups, respectively. On the laboratory base blood tests we were able to search the correlation between morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and the growth rate of experimental steers. The steers of the 2nd and 3rd groups during the experiment had an advantage in blood serum indicators in terms of both total lipids and glucose, in the end, the difference in percentage ratio with the control group was 14,08 % in the 2nd group and 12,60 % in the 3rd experimental group. It is worth noting that the concentration of phosphorus and calcium in the blood was at the high level, which in our opinion reflects the influence of the feed additive Vermiculite Expanded.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
M. S. Lodyanoy ◽  
◽  
A. I. Erzutov ◽  

As a result of research and production experience in the economy of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the effect of three-time administration of the drug «Selenopiran» at a dose of 300 mg during the dry season on the ease of calving, milk productivity and reproductive functions of cows was studied. For this purpose, two groups of cows (n=10) were selected: an experimental group and a control group. Starting from the confirmation of 6-month pregnancy, 25% oil solution of the drug «Selenopiran» at a dose of 30 ml was administered three times at intervals of 5–6 days to animals of the experimental group. 14 days after last injection from experimental and control animals were taken blood samples for haematological study determined the red blood indices: the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, white blood: white blood cell count and leukocyte formula, and lysozime and bactericidal activity of blood serum. Further, the animals were monitored both during calving and postpartum period, and during subsequent artificial insemination and lactation, the duration of independent and manual separation of the afterbirth, the frequency of occurrence, form, duration of the course and outcome of specific diseases of the postpartum period (endometritis and early mastitis) were recorded. Fruitful insemination was determined based on the results of rectal studies. Based on these observations, the main indicators of herd reproduction were calculated, i.e. the insemination index (the number of inseminations per 36 fruitful), the duration of the period and the interbody period. As a result, the service period in the experimental group decreased by 113,7% relative to the control animals (178,2 days versus 2,3), the insemination index also improved in the experimental group – 3,8, against 1,6 in the control group. The average daily milk yield in the experimental group is 2,9 kg higher, and the live weight of calves at birth is XNUMX kg. A comparative analysis of hematological parameters of experimental and control cows obtained a higher level of markers of nonspecific immunity in the experimental group. Consequently, along with relatively rapid recovery of reproductive organs and shortening of the service period, the cows of the experimental group also had higher indicators of non-specific resistance compared to the cows of the control group.


Author(s):  
A. A. Belookov ◽  
O. V. Belookova ◽  
E. V. Chukhutin ◽  
O. V. Gorelik

It is impossible to increase the productivity of pigs without organizing a complete balanced feeding, which provides not only a diverse set of feeds, but also stimulating feed additives and preparations. The purpose of the work was to study the effectiveness of the effect of the phytobiotic drug “Intebio” on the reproductive traits of sows and the productivity of the resulting young animals. The feed additive “Intebio” is a mixture of natural essential oils (eucalyptus, garlic, lemon and thyme), citric acid and filler (wheat bran or sunflower meal). It has been found that as a result of the use of the feed additive “Intebio”, the prolificacy of sows in the experimental group was 10,7 heads compared to 10,4 heads in the control group. The weight of piglets at the birth in the experimental group was 1,19 kg, which was 12,3 % higher than in the control group. The weight of the piglets litter at birth was statistically significantly higher in the experimental group 12,97 kg, compared to 11,35 kg in the control group. The livability of piglets for weaning in the experimental group was 100 %, and in the control group it was 93,9 %, the difference was 6,1 abs.%. The absolute weight gain in the live weight of piglets obtained during the experiment from 30 to 105 days in the control group was 26,97 kg, and in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups it was higher by 5,59 and 2,74 kg, respectively. Thus, the use of the phytobiotic feed additive “Intebio” in feeding of t sows in gestation period allowed to increase their prolificacy, the weight of piglets at the birth and their livability for weaning. The use of the feed additive “Intebio” as part of the diet of young pigs allowed to increase the absolute and average daily gains in the live weight of animals.


Author(s):  
Angriy Zolotarev ◽  
Igor Sedyuk ◽  
Svetlana Zolotaryova

The article presents research materials to study the possibility of increasing the milk productivity of high-yielding cows through the use of new technology of their feeding - through the use of protected from cleavage in the rumen protein and starch in the feed additive TEP-mix. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out on dairy cows-analogues of the first half of lactation of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed. During the study, the actual chemical composition of feed was determined, feeding rations and compound feed recipes were developed taking into account the content of fissile protein and milk productivity of experimental animals, the actual feed consumption by cows, milk productivity, milk quality, calculated cost-effectiveness of the studied energy supplement. The difference between the rations of the control and experimental groups was the structure and composition of the feed. In the experimental group, part of the concentrated feed was replaced by energy-protein supplement TEP-mix, with a high degree (65 %) of protection against splitting in the rumen, which increased this figure in the diet of cows in general. The use of new feeding methods increased the productivity of cows with natural milk by 2.0 kg compared to the control group, the amount of fat and protein in milk - by 0.20 % and 0.17 %, respectively. As a result, the average daily hopes for the period of the experiment in terms of basic fat in the experimental group was higher by 3.9 kg, which allowed to obtain 349.2 kg more milk per cow in 89 days. In determining the economic efficiency of the use of high-yielding cows in the feeding of additives TEP-mix allowed to obtain an additional average for the period of the experiment up to 32.59 UAH. per 1 cow per day or UAH 0.98. per 1 kg of milk. The use of feed additives with a high content of protein and starch TEP-mix will allow you to balance the feeding rations of cattle more accurately, adjust the diet of high-yielding dairy cattle in the early stages of lactation to obtain maximum productivity while maintaining health and productive longevity.


Author(s):  
M. Grigoryev ◽  
N. Chernogradskaya

Animals imported to Yakutia from other regions fall into feeding and housing conditions that differ from their usual agro-climatic conditions, which causes the problem of their adaptation. Yakutia is one of the areas where the feed of its own production has a lack of basic minerals, which affects the health and productivity of animals, which has an additional negative influence on the adaptation process of imported cattle. In order to replenish macro- and microelements in the body, it is necessary to introduce various local mineral feed additives, premixes, and use mineral salts into the ration. Under the conditions of Central Yakutia the influence of local mineral feed additives (zeolite of the Khonguruu Deposit in the Suntar district and sapropels of local lakes) containing macro- and microelements that increase the meat productivity of steers has been studied. As a result of the research the influence of local mineral feed additives on meat productivity and physiological condition of Hereford steers has been established. Influence of zeolite and sapropel in a complex with mineral salts on digestibility of nutrients of the ration and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by experimental animals has been defined. The influence of feed additives on the quality of meat products has been studied. The results have shown that the use of local mineral feed additives in the composition of ration of steers during the fattening period at a dose of 0,7 g zeolite per 1 kg of live weight of the animal and 200 g of sapropel in combination with 10 g of mineral salts contributed to the gain in live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, yield of edible parts, and economic efficiency of fattening. For the entire period of the experiment the gain in live weight in groups was: in control group 2222,9 kg, in the 1st experimental group 2396,2 kg, in the 2nd experimental group 2471,1 kg. The total economic effect for the 1st experimental group for the period of experiment amounted to 44,3 thousand Rubles, for the 2nd experimental group 78,0 thousand Rubles or per 1 head/day 14,06 and 24,76 Rubles, respectively.


Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.


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