GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE HOLSTEIN CATTLE POPULATION IN THE YAROSLAVL REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
А.В. ИЛЬИНА ◽  
Е.Г. ЕВДОКИМОВ ◽  
Ю.И. МАЛИНА ◽  
М.В. АБРАМОВА
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
High Degree

В работе представлена генетическая структура популяции крупного рогатого скота голштинской породы 9-ти племенных хозяйств Ярославской области, основанная на иммуногенетических показателях групп крови по EAB-локусу. Было проанализировано 6343 головы крупного рогатого скота и выявлено 78 аллельных вариантов. Генотипирование животных по генетическим маркерам позволяет оценить динамику генетических процессов в породе и отдельных стадах. На основании расчета частот аллельных вариантов проведена клатеризация хозяйств методом k-means для выявления генетически близких групп. Популяция голштинской породы разделилась на несколько кластеров, имеющих различное генетическое происхождение и отличающихся уникальными аллельными вариантами групп крови. Доли дисперсии, объясняемые главными компонентами, имеют значения от 0,14 до 0,22, что свидетельствует о высокой степени отражения главными компонентами реальной дисперсии частот. Мера информационного полиморфизма (PIC) для всех хозяйств находится на уровне 0,022—0,024, что говорит о невысокой дискриминационной способности данного маркера. Разброс показателей среднего на локус индекса информации Шенона (I) составил 0,031±0,001—0,039±0,001 и генного разнообразия (Ht) — 0,022±0,005—0,024±0,005, что свидетельствует о более высоком селекционном потенциале животных отдельных хозяйств и об уменьшении вероятности внутрипородного инбридинга. Представленные методы анализа данных и параметры генетического разнообразия позволяют выявить группы скота внутри популяции и оценить его генный потенциал. Это даст возможность судить о генетических процессах, происходящих в стадах, и рекомендовать представленные методы для оценки эффективности и направленности селекционного процесса. The article presents the genetic structure of Holstein cattle population of 9 breeding farms in the Yaroslavl region, based on the immunogenetic parameters of blood types at the EAB-loci. 6343 heads of cattle and 78 allelic variants were analyzed and identified. Genotyping of animals by genetic markers makes it possible to assess the dynamics of genetic processes in the breed and individual herds. Based on the frequency calculations of allelic variants, we carried out the clustering of farms by the k-means method to identify genetically similar groups. The population of the Holstein cattle was divided into several clusters with different genetic origins and differing in unique allelic variants of blood types. The proportions of dispersion explained by the principal components have values from 0.14 to 0.22, which indicates a high degree of reflection by the principal components of the real frequency dispersion. The measure of information polymorphism (PIC) for all farms is at the level of 0.022—0.024, which indicates a low discriminatory ability of this marker. The scatter of the indices of the average per locus of the Shannon information index (I) was 0.031 ± 0.001—0.039 ± 0.001 and of genetic diversity (Ht) — 0.022 ± 0.005-0.024 ± 0.005, this indicates a higher breeding potential of animals on individual farms and a decrease in the probability of inbreeding. The presented methods of data analysis and parameters of genetic diversity make it possible to identify groups of livestock within a population and assess its genetic potential. This will make it possible to judge the genetic processes occurring in herds, and to recommend the presented methods for assessing the performance and direction of the breeding process.

Morphological and genetic variation in the endangered Victorian endemic grass Agrostis adamsonii Vickery (Poaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. James ◽  
A. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Information Index ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Made In

Until 1987, Agrostis adamsonii Vickery was known only from a single collection made in 1853 and was thought to be extinct. Further populations have been located but conservation of the species is hampered by a lack of taxonomic and genetic information. Variation within and between species was assessed morphometrically and by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. RAPD analysis has confirmed that the separation of A. adamsonii from two other similar species on the basis of morphological characters has a genetic basis and enables identification of A. adamsonii in the absence of fertile material. RAPD analysis has also provided information on the genetic diversity within A. adamsonii. Agrostis adamsonii is confirmed as a well-supported species with all six populations studied showing a high degree of similarity to each other but with evidence of genetic differentiation. Genetic diversity is lower compared to the widespread A. avenacea J.F.Gmel., but significantly higher than in the more restricted A. billardierei R.Br., with a Shannon information index of 0.0147 (average over populations) compared to 0.0068 and 0.1389 for A. billardierei and A. avenacea, respectively. A very high level (82.1%) of RAPD diversity occurs among populations of A. adamsonii. Gene flow between populations appears highly restricted and will have implications for the management of extant populations.

ANALYSIS OF GENETIC STRUCTURE OF DOGS OF FRENCH BULLDOG BREED USING MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
S. Kruhlyk ◽  
V. Dzitsiuk ◽  
V. Spyrydonov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Gene Complexes ◽  
French Bulldog

Genetic variability of domestic dogs is a source for effective process of breed formation and creating unique gene complexes. In the world, for preservation of genetic resources of dogs, there are dog training associations which have great confidence: American Club Dog Breeders (AKC), the British Kennel Club (KC) and the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI), aimed at protecting breeding dogs, standards creation, registration of a breed, and issuance of accurate pedigrees. Evaluation of the genetic diversity of dog breeds is able to significantly complement and improve their breeding programs. Since breeds of dog differ in morphological and economic characteristics, the problem of finding of the breed features in the genome of animals is becoming more topical. From this point of view, French Bulldog is an interesting breed of dog (FRANC.BULLDOGGE, FCI standard number 101) which belongs by the classification of breeds, adopted in FCI, to the group IX – a dog-companion for health and fun, but to a subgroup of fighting dogs of a small format. French Bulldog breed has been researched slightly not only in Ukraine and also abroad, as the main work of all dog association is focused on solving theoretical and practical issues of breeding, keeping, feeding, veterinary protection and others. The study was conducted at Research Department of Molecular Diagnostic Tests of Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products. 33 animals of French Bulldog breed, admitted to use in dog breeding of Ukrainian Kennel Union (UKU), were involved for the genetic analysis using DNA markers. The materials of the research were buccal epithelial cells, selected before the morning feeding of animals by scraping mucous membrane of oral cavity with disposable, dry, sterile cotton swab. Genomic DNA was extracted using KIT-set of reagents for DNA isolation according to the manufacturer's instructions. PEZ1, PEZ3, PEZ6, PEZ8, FHC 2010, FHC 2054 markers, recommended by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG), ACN, КC and FCI, were used for research. As a result of research 25 alleles for all the loci were detected in the experimental sample of dogs. The average number of alleles at the locus Na, obtained by direct counting, was 4.16. The most polymorphic loci for this breed were PEZ6 and PEZ3 with 8 and 6 allelic variants. Monomorphic loci were PEZ8 and FHC 2054 which had 4 and 3 alleles and the lowest level of polymorphism was observed for PEZ 1 and FHC 2010 loci in which only 2 alleles were identified. On analyzing the molecular genetic characteristics of dogs of French Bulldog breed, we found a high variability of genotype on rare alleles, which included alleles: M, C, D, E, J, K, L, O, N and representing 60% of the total number of the identified alleles. C, D, E alleles for PEZ3 locus and O allele at PEZ6 locus are unique to the sampling of dogs because they are not repeated in other loci. Typical alleles: N, F, R, I, P, K, M are 40% of the total. But F, R alleles for PEZ3 locus and P allele for locus PEZ6 are not repeated either in standard allelic variants or in rare one, indicating a high information content of these alleles and loci to be used for further monitoring of allele pool, genetic certification and identification of dogs. Microsatellite DNA loci were analyzed as a result of investigations of French Bulldogs and the most informative: PEZ3, PEZ6 and PEZ8 were found, which have high efficiency in individual and breed certification of dogs due to high variability. These data allow further monitoring of the state of genetic diversity of the breed and the development of measures for improvement of breeding to preserve the structure of breeding material. The study of individual and population genetic variability is advisable to continue for breeding of French Bulldogs "in purity" and preserving valuable gene complexes. The results are the basis for further monitoring of the proposed informative panels of microsatellite DNA markers for genotyping dog of French Bulldog breed and their complex evaluation.

Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492f-493
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Vieira ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Peter Goldsbrough ◽  
Antonio Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

Allozyme variation and an estimate of the inbreeding coefficient in the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Borsa ◽  
D. Pierre Gingerich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
High Degree

AbstractSeven presumed Mendelian enzyme loci (Est-2, Est-3, Gpi, Idh-l, Idh-2, Mdh-2 and Mpi) were characterized and tested for polymorphism in coffee berry borers, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), sampled in Côte d′Ivoire, Mexico and New Caledonia. The average genetic diversity was H = 0.080. Two loci, Mdh-2 and Mpi were polymorphic, and thus usable as genetic markers. The population structure of H. hampei was analysed using Weir & Cockerham's estimators of Wright's F-statistics. A high degree of inbreeding (f = 0.298) characterized the elementary geographic sampling unit, the coffee field. The estimate of gene flow between fields within a country was Nm = 10.6 and that between countries was Nm = 2. The population genetic structure in H. hampei could be related to its known population biological features and history.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of genetic diversity in wild and primitive cultivated barley in a center of diversity.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-990
Author(s):  
S Jana ◽  
L N Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Multilocus Associations ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum K.) and indigenous primitive varieties of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), collected from 43 locations in four eastern Mediterranean countries, Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Greece, were electrophoretically assayed for genetic diversity at 16 isozyme loci. Contrary to a common impression, cultivated barley populations were found to maintain a level of diversity similar to that in its wild progenitor species. Apportionment of overall diversity in the region showed that in cultivated barley within-populations diversity was of higher magnitude than the between-populations component. Neighboring populations of wild and cultivated barleys showed high degree of genetic identity. Groups of 3 or 4 isozyme loci were analyzed to detect associations among loci. Multilocus associations of varying order were detected for all three groups chosen for the analysis. Some of the association terms differed between the two species in the region. Although there was no clear evidence for decrease in diversity attributable to the domestication of barley in the region, there was an indication of different multilocus organizations in the two closely related species.

Genetic Divergence among Populations of Invasive Alien Species Lantana camara L. from Selected Areas of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
SAILA KABIR ◽  
MD ABUL KASHEM ◽  
MOHAMMAD ZABED HOSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Genetic Clustering

Lantana camara L., a well-known invasive alien species causing invasion and posing threat to native plant species community in different regions of Bangladesh. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of L. camara populations in different regions of Bangladesh. Eight RAPD markers were used in order to probe into its genetic variability. Total number of bands (202), polymorphic loci (104), per-centage of polymorphism (97.20%), average Shanon’s information index (0.3051±0.115), Nei’s gene diversity (0.4733±0.144) was found and in different populations and multiple divergent genetic clustering along with presence of unique alleles (4) for RAPD revealed high genetic diversity among the populations of L. camara in different regions of Bangladesh.

ISSR Marker Based Genetic Diversity in Morinda Spp. For Its Enhanced Collection, Conservation and Utilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Arya ◽  
Ramya Kossery Narayanan ◽  
Anjali Kak ◽  
Chitra Devi Pandey ◽  
Manjusha Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract Morinda (Rubiaceae) is considerably recognized for its multiple uses viz. food, medicine, dyes, firewood, tools, oil, bio-sorbent etc. The molecular characterization of such an important plant would be very useful for its multifarious enhanced utilization. In the present study, 31 Morinda genotypes belonging to two different species Morinda citrifolia and Morinda tomentosa collected from different regions of India were investigated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Fifteen ISSR primers generated 176 bands with an average of 11.7 bands per primer, of which (90.34%) were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands, mean Nei’s gene diversity, mean Shannon’s information index in Morinda tomentosa and Morinda citrifolia was [(69.89%, 30.68%); (0.21 ± 0.19, 0.12 ± 0.20); (0.32 ± 0.27 0.17 ± 0.28)] respectively, revealing higher polymorphism and genetic diversity in Morinda tomentosa compared to Morinda citrifolia. Structure, and UPGMA cluster analysis placed the genotypes into well-defined separate clusters belonging to two species Morinda tomentosa and Morinda citrifolia revealing the utility of ISSR markers in species differentiation. Distinct ecotypes within a particular species could also be inferred emphasizing the collection and conservation of Morinda genotypes from different regions, in order to capture the overall diversity of respective species. Further higher diversity of M. tomentosa must be advanced for its utilization in nutraceutical, nutritional and other nonfood purposes.

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