COMPARATIVE FEATURES OF DAIRY EFFICIENCY OF COWS OF THE GOLSHTEIN AND HOLSHTINIZED BLACK AND WHITE BREEDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Т.Н. КАРЫМСАКОВ ◽  
Н.И. СТРЕКОЗОВ
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Kazakh Population ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
The Usa ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

В последние 20—25 лет на маточном поголовье черно-пестрого скота активно использовалось семя быков-производителей голштинской породы, завезенных по импорту из США и Канады. Это привело к тому, что в республике сформировался массив черно-пестрого скота с высокой долей кровности по улучшающей голштинской породе. Параллельно по импорту завозились и животные голштинской породы, в основном телки случного возраста и нетели. В конечном итоге в Казахстане образовались генотипы, схожие по внешним признакам, но отличающиеся по продуктивности. В статье отражены результаты научных исследований по сравнительному изучению молочной продуктивности коров двух родственных пород черно-пестрой масти. Показано, что высококровные (более 87,5 % по улучшающей породе) животные по удою на 30—43% уступали чистопородному голштинскому скоту, однако помеси на 2—4% превосходили голштинов по содержанию жира и белка в молоке. Отмечены идентичные биологические свойства обеих пород, связанные с лактационной кривой, как за полную лактацию, так и по суточным надоям. Полученные результаты обосновывают целесообразность полного поглощения значительной части казахстанской популяции черно-пестрого скота голштинской породой. Однако необходимо определенную часть животных сохранить в чистоте и на этой основе создать генофондные стада. In the last 20—25 years, the seed of bulls-producers of the Holstein breed, imported from the USA and Canada, has been actively used on the broodstock of black-and-white cattle. This led to the formation in the republic of an array of black-and-white cattle with a high proportion of blood in the improving Holstein breed. At the same time, animals of the Holstein breed were also imported, mainly heifers of breeding age and heifers. Ultimately, genotypes were formed in Kazakhstan, similar in appearance, but differing in productivity. The article reflects the results of scientific research on a comparative study of the milk productivity of cows of two related breeds of black and white color. It has been shown that high-blooded (more than 87.5% in the improving breed) animals in milk yield were 30—43% inferior to pure-bred Holstein cattle, but hybrids exceeded Holsteins by 2—4% in fat and protein content in milk. The identical biological properties of both breeds, associated with the lactation curve, both for full lactation and for daily milk yield, were noted. The obtained results justify the feasibility of fully absorbing a significant part of the Kazakh population of black and white cattle by the Holstein breed. However, it is necessary to keep a certain part of the animals clean and on this basis create gene-pool herds.

scholarly journals Productivity of fi rst-calf cows of different sire lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Kolchev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The results of the study of milk productivity and lactation rates of fi rst-calf cows are presented. The research into fi rst-calf cows of black-andwhite Holstein breed, belonging to sire lines of Wis Ideal 1013415 and Refl ection Sovereign 198998 was conducted in 2018 in Novosibirsk region. The number of cows under study was 64, the period of the study covered 305 days of lactation. Monitoring of milk production, milk fl ow intensity, fat and protein content was carried out monthly. The research materials were analyzed for groups of cows depending on their sire line and productivity for single and daily milk yield, fat and protein content, and dynamics of milk ejection for the fi rst 3 minutes of milking. The highest daily milk yield in both lines was observed in the second month of lactation. In the fourth and fi fth months of lactation, the average daily milk yield of Refl ection Sovereign cows was signifi cantly higher (р < 0.001) than that of their peers of the Vis Ideal line, by 1.3 kg. During the lactation period, the productivity of the Vis Ideal and Refl ection Sovereign cows was almost the same: milk yield – 8296 and 8220 kg, fat content – 4.02 and 4.06%, protein – 3.36 and 3.35% and milk fl ow intensity – 2.70 and 2.78 kg/min, respectively. In the second and third months of lactation, cows of both lines had a decrease in the content of fat, protein and intensity of milk fl ow with a gradual increase in these indices in the fourth and fi fth months of lactation. First-calf cows of the black-and-white breed of Canadian selection of different sire lines showed a high level of milk productivity and proved to be suitable for further breeding work.

Characteristics of population genetic and breeding parameters of the traits of milk productivity of black-and-white and Holstein cows of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2022 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
A. Kharzhau ◽  
A. Shamshidin ◽  
A. Sermyagin ◽  
K. Zhumanov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Purpose: determination of the selection and genetic parameters of the daily milk productivity of black-and-white and Holstein cows to characterize the population.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using a database formed on the basis of the information and analytical management system of animal husbandry in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) for daily control milking of Holstein and black-and-white cows. The sample included indicators of milk productivity for three lactations of animals bred in 43 herds: I lactation - 14 482 records (3130 cows and 391 bull fathers), II lactation - 13 656 records (2734 cows and 537 bull fathers), III lactation - 4,911 records (886 cows and 260 bull fathers).Results. Phenotypic variability indices (CvP) by lactation varied: daily milk yield - 34.1 ... 38.8%, MJ - 9.8 ... 11.6%, BMD - 6.7 ... 8.6%, SCS - 32.5 ... 37.8%. The additive genetic variability (CvA) was lower and ranged for: daily milk yield - 22.9 ... 27.0%, MJ - 3.8 ... 4.7%, BMD - 2.6 ... 3.1%, SCS - 13 , 8 ... 14.7%. The heritability of indicators of milk productivity on average for three lactations was: in terms of milk yield - h2 = 0.440, percentage of fat - h2 = 0.155, percentage of protein - h2 = 0.121, SCS - h2 = 0.161. Evaluation of the dynamics of changes in daily milk yield and SCS showed the standard nature of the shape of lactation curves with the values ​​of the determination coefficient of the phenotypic trend equation, respectively, R2 = 69.9 ... 86.4% and R2 = 11.8 ... 20.5%. An increase in the number of recorded days of control milking from 1 to 10 increased the accuracy of the forecast of the breeding value (EBV) of animals for signs of milk production by 1.7-2.4 times. Evaluation of cows by their own productivity for milk yield with optimal values ​​of forecast reliability over 70% can be carried out on the basis of 4 control milking units. At the same time, for the percentage of fat and protein, SCS, the number of observations to achieve reliable EBV results ranged from 8 to 10. Based on the average values ​​of the breeding value of cows, the population genetic characteristics of the farmed cattle in the Republic of Kazakhstan were determined in the context of breeds, country and region (population) origin. Holstein animals (+54.3 kg of milk) were characterized by the highest EBV values. Among imported cows, the best breeding value forecast was obtained for cows imported from Germany (+63.3 kg of milk). For the Kazakh population of cattle, leading positions in terms of genetic prognosis were achieved in East Kazakhstan region (KZF, +334.4 kg of milk). A principal component analysis based on an assessment of the breeding value of cows showed clear differentiation by breed level, country and region of origin of the livestock. The most significant differences were found for animals originated in the Kostanay region (KZP).Conclusion. Analysis of the results of population-genetic and breeding parameters of the characteristics of milk productivity of black-and-white and Holstein cattle showed that there are necessary prerequisites for the development of their own breeding base, increasing the efficiency of selection of animals for breeding groups.

scholarly journals Productive longevity of white-and-black cows of different genotypes CSN3 and DGAT1

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00060
Author(s):  
Radik Shaidullin ◽  
Gazimzyan Sharafutdinov ◽  
Anastasia Moskvicheva ◽  
Rustam Ravilov ◽  
Ismagil Khakimov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

The article studies the duration of use and life-long productivity black-motley breed cows with different allelic variants of the kappa-casein and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase genes. The research consists the data study on cows dropped out the herd during 2012–2016 in the Dusym LLC of Atninsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan. The cows were previously genotyped for CSN3 and DGAT1. The herd of black-and-white cattle consisted the genotypes CSN3 AA and DGAT1 AK with a frequency of 60.9 and 53.5 % and less often CSN3 BB and DGAT1 KK – 4.0 and 6.3 %. Moreover, the frequency of occurrence of the desired B allele of the CSN3 gene was 0.22, and the K allele of DGAT1 was 0.33. Cows with the CSN3 AB genotype reliably surpass animals with the CSN3 AA genotype in the duration of use by 0.39 lactations (P <0.05), life-long milk yield by 2401 kg of milk (P <0.05), and the amount of milk fat by 90 kg (P <0.05), mass fraction of protein in milk – by 0.04 % (P <0.01), the amount of milk protein – by 83 kg (P <0.05). Animals with the DGAT1 KK genotype also have an excess over other groups of cows in terms of productive longevity, but the difference is significant only in fat milk (P <0.01–0.001).

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

scholarly journals Influence of Genotype and Intensity of Cows’ Formation on the Level of their Lactation performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Т.В. Павлова ◽  
Н.Н. Шамич ◽  
В.А. Бельцов
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Protein Milk

Цель работы – установить влияние генотипа и интенсивности формирования коров на уровень их молочной продуктивности в одном из предприятий Минской области Республики Беларусь. Объектом исследований являлись 940 коров белорусской чёрно-пёстрой породы с разной долей генотипа по голштинской породе. Для проведения группировки коров по генотипам у каждого животного определяли линейную принадлежность, породность по голштинской породе и страну селекции отца. При оценке молочной продуктивности коров учитывались следующие показатели: удой за 305 дней первой и последней законченной лактации; массовая доля жира, %; массовая доля белка, %; выход молочного жира и белка, кг. Установлено, что с увеличением породности по голштинской породе у коров в стаде рассматриваемого предприятия прослеживается повышение удоев и снижение жирно- и белковомолочности. Наиболее высокий удой наблюдается у коров шведской (9190 кг) и итальянской (8148 кг) селекций, удой этих коров достоверно (Р = 0,999) превышает средний по стаду на 2019 и 977 кг соответственно; массовая доля жира и белка в молоке – у коров российской селекции (4,26 и 3,54% соответственно); у животных белорусской селекции удой составил 6714 кг при жирно- и белковомолочности 4,24 и 3,49% соответственно. С увеличением интенсивности формирования животных снижается возраст первого осеменения и увеличивается живая масса при первом осеменении, наиболее близки к оптимальным параметры у умеренноформирующихся животных. У них же отмечен и наиболее высокий удой за 305 дней первой лактации – 7226 кг, что достоверно (Р = 0,95) превышает этот показатель у медленно- и быстроформирующихся животных на 264 и 150 кг соответственно. The purpose of the work is to establish the influence of the genotype and intensity of cows’ formation on the level of their lactation performance in one of the enterprises of the Minsk region of the Republic of Belarus. The object of research was 940 cows of the Belarusian Black-and-White breed with different genotype proportions for the Holstein breed. To group cows by genotypes, each animal was determined by directional affiliation, race by Holstein breed and country of father selection. When assessing the lactation performance of cows, the following indicators were taken into account: yield for 305 days of the first and last completed lactation; weight fraction of fat, %; weight fraction of protein, %; milk fat and protein yield, kg. It was established that with an increase in breeding in the Holstein breed, cows in the herd of the enterprise under consideration show an increase in yields and a decrease in fat and protein milking capacity. The highest yield is observed in cows of Swedish (9190 kg) and Italian (8148 kg) selection, the yield of these cows significantly (P = 0.999) exceeds the herd average yield for 2019 and 977 kg, respectively; mass fraction of fat and protein in milk – in cows of Russian selection (4.26 and 3.54%, respectively); in animals of Belarusian selection the yield was 6714 kg with fat and protein milking capacity of 4.24 and 3.49%, respectively. As the intensity of animal formation increases, the age of the first insemination decreases and the live weight increases at the first insemination, the parameters are closest to optimal in moderately forming animals. They also had the highest yield for 305 days of the first lactation – 7226 kg, which significantly (P = 0.95) exceeds this indicator in slow and fast-forming animals by 264 and 150 kg, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of different lactation curve models in Holstein cows raised on a farm in the south-eastern Anatolia region

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Ö. Koçak ◽  
B. Ekiz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Mean Squared Errors ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare the goodness of fit of seven mathematical models (including the gamma function, the exponential model, the mixed log model, the inverse quadratic polynomial model and their various modifications) on daily milk yield records. The criteria used to compare models were mean R2, root mean squared errors (RMSE) and difference between actual and predicted lactation milk yields. The effect of lactation number on curve parameters was significant for models with three parameters. Third lactation cows had the highest intercept post-calving, greatest incline between calving and peak milk yield and greatest decline between peak milk yield and end of lactation. Latest peak production occurred in first lactation for all models, while third lactation cows had the earliest day of peak production. The R2 values ranged between 0.590 and 0.650 for first lactation, between 0.703 and 0.773 for second lactation and between 0.686 and 0.824 for third lactation, depending on the model fitted. The root mean squared error values of different models varied between 1.748 kg and 2.556 kg for first parity cows, between 2.133 kg and 3.284 kg for second parity cows and between 2.342 kg and 7.898 kg for third parity cows. Lactation milk yield deviations of Ali and Schaeffer, Wilmink and Guo and Swalve Models were close to zero for all lactations. Ali and Schaeffer Model had the highest R2 for all lactations and also yielded smallest RMSE and actual and predicted lactation milk yield differences. Wilmink and Guo and Swalve Models gave better fit than other three parameter models.

scholarly journals On designing the average lactation curve at the ascending phase

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Comparisons are made between different methods to find the peak production (maximum daily milk yield) and methods to design the average lactation curve at the ascending phase in dairy cows. It was noted that in order to determine the height and location of the maximal producing capacity of a cow in a known lactation period, it is preferable to choose the peak production as a mean of three subsequent best days. It was also noted that the usual methods for drawing the average lactation curves do not give a true picture of the height and location of the peak. The author suggests a method for determining the average lactation curve at the ascending phase by using the averages of both milk productions and times involved in reaching the peak and known fractions (e.g. 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 5/4) of it. In this lactation curve the peak production is the mean of the peaks of individual cows, and the time involved in reaching it is the mean of the durations of the ascending phases of the individual cows.

scholarly journals Adaptation strategy of different cow genotypes to the voluntary milking system

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
O. O. Borshch ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
O. I. Sobolev ◽  
O. V. Borshch ◽  
S. Yu. Ruban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Adaptation Time ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
Robotic Milking ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim was of this study was to discover the adaptation indicators of different breeds first-calving cows to voluntary (robotic) milking system during the first month of lactation. The research was carried out in a robotic farm on German Holstein, French Holstein breeds and Brown Swiss breed of cows. During the adaptation period, the German Holsteins were differed from the rench Holsteins and Brown Swiss breed by milk yield, multiplicity of milking, and the amount of consumed concentrated feed. On the 30th day (end of adaptation period), the German Holstein breed dominated over the French Holstein breed and Brown Swiss having average daily milk yield by 0.73 and 4.12 kg, milking times by 0.26 and 0.34, the amount of consumed concentrated feed by 0.32 and 0.61 kg higher. In addition, the German Holstein breed during the adaptation period was distinguished by higher multiplicity of passages through the selection gate and the number of visits to feed stations. Important indicators of adaptation to free keeping and voluntary milking are the number of cases of forced milking. On the 5th day of lactation, some 69.4–86.2% of cows of all the groups did not enter the milking robot. This indicator has been steadily declining every five days. On the 30th day of lactation the cases of operator-forced milking were 24.3–35.9% and they were the lowest in cows of the German Holstein breed, indicating the best adaptive qualities of this cattle. The German Holstein breed had more lower (by 0.30 and 0.26 mS/cm) electrical milk conductivity on the 30th day compared with French and Brown Swiss breeds. In addition, the number of somatic cells in its milk was lower by 19.4 and 17.1 thousand cells per cm3 compared with French Holstein and Brown Swiss breed. Therefore, we suggested that the German Holstein breed has more higher stress tolerance, and hence a shorter adaptation time to the keeping.

MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF BLACK-AND-WHITE CATTLE WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF PROLACTIN AND SOMATOTROPIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Л.Р. ЗАГИДУЛЛИН ◽  
Р.Р. ШАЙДУЛЛИН ◽  
Т.М. АХМЕТОВ ◽  
С.В. ТЮЛЬКИН ◽  
А.Б. МОСКВИЧЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Prl Gene

Изучена взаимосвязь аллельных вариантов генов пролактина и соматотропина с показателями молочной продуктивности коров черно-пестрой породы по 1 и 3 лактации. У первотелок, как и у полновозрастных животных,  наиболее высокий удой (4642 и 6240 кг), количество молочного жира (174,1 и 215,0 кг) и молочного белка (149,0 и 182,5 кг) достигнуты в группе с генотипом PRL АА. По массовой доле жира и белка в молоке коровы с генотипом PRL ВВ достоверно превосходили животных с генотипом PRL АА на 0,12% (Р<0,05) и 0,05% (Р<0,05) соответственно. По гену соматотропина наибольший уровень молочной продуктивности выявлен у коров с генотипом GH LL при достоверном преимуществе над GH VV у первотелок по удою на 439 кг (Р<0,01), выходу молочного жира — на 13,6 кг (Р<0,001), выходу молочного белка — на 15,3 кг (Р<0,01). У полновозрастных коров превышение над остальными группами было только по удою — на 219—548 кг (Р<0,05). Наибольшая жирномолочность характерна животным с генотипом GH VV по 1 лактации — 3,83% и по 3 лактации — 3,82%, а лучшая белковомолочность — коровам, имеющим аллель V гена GH:  3,21 и 3,23% соответственно. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о более высоком уровне молочной продуктивности у коров с генотипом PRL АА и GH LL, но лучшая жирномолочность и белковомолочность отмечены у особей, имеющих в своем генотипе аллели В гена PRL и V гена GH. The interrelation of allelic variants of prolactin and somatotropin genes with indicators of milk productivity of black-and-white cows for the 1st and 3rd lactation was studied. The highest milk yield (4642 and 6240 kg) amount of milk fat (174.1 and 215.0 kg) and milk protein (149.0 and 182.5 kg) were in the group with the PRL AA genotype in first-calf heifers as well as in full-age animals. In terms of the mass fraction of fat and protein of milk, the cows with the PRL BB genotype significantly exceeded animals with the PRL AA genotype by 0.12% (P<0.05) and 0.05% (P<0.05), respectively. According to the somatotropin gene, the highest level of milk productivity was revealed in cows with the GH LL genotype with a significant advantage over GH VV in first-calf heifers in milk yield by 439 kg (P<0.01), milk fat yield by 13.6 kg (P<0.001), milk protein yield by 15.3 kg (P<0.01). The excess over the other groups in full-age cows was only in terms of milk yield that was by 219-548 kg (P<0.05). The highest protein content of milk is a characteristic of animals with the GH VV genotype, 3.83% is for the 1st lactation and 3.82% is for the 3rd lactation, and the best protein content of milk in cows with V allele of the GH gene is 3.21 and 3.23%, respectively. The obtained data  indicated a higher level of milk productivity in cows with the PRL AA and GH LL genotypes but the best fat and milk content was noted in cows with alleles B of the PRL gene and V of the GH gene in their genotype.

POLYMORPHISM OF PROLACTIN AND SOMATOTROPIN GENES IN DAIRY CATTLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Р.Р. ШАЙДУЛЛИН ◽  
А.Б. МОСКВИЧЕВА ◽  
Т.Х. ФАИЗОВ ◽  
Л.Р. ЗАГИДУЛЛИН ◽  
Т.М. АХМЕТОВ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
White Breed ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
The Republic

Изучен полиморфизм и определена частота встречаемости аллельных вариантов по генам пролактина (PRL) и соматотропина (GH) у коров в условиях двух племенных хозяйств Республики Татарстан. Объектом исследования были животные черно-пестрой породы первого (n=151) и третьего (n=168) отелов и холмогорской породы первого (n=160) и третьего (n=143) отелов. Проведено генотипирование коров по генам PRL и GH методом ДНК-диагностики. Установлено, что среди молочного скота преимущественно встречаются особи с генотипом PRL АА (70,0—77,5%), с частотой аллеля А гена пролактина — 0,83—0,87, аллеля В — 0,13—0,17. Встречаемость аллеля В была выше среди холмогорских коров (0,16—0,17). В стаде полновозрастных животных черно-пестрой породы имеется сдвиг генетического равновесия в сторону генотипов PRL AA и PRL BB (χ2=3,97; Р<0,05). В исследуемых стадах крупного рогатого скота выражено преимущество генотипа GH LL с частотой встречаемости 51,0—79,2%. Встречаемость генотипа GH VV у черно-пестрого скота составила 2,0—2,4%, у холмогорского — 5,6—7,0%. Аллель L гена соматотропина преобладает над аллелем V в обеих породах. При этом чаще встречаемость аллеля L GH среди коров холмогорской породы (0,28—0,29). У холмогорских коров больше представлены редкие и желательные аллели генов PRL и GH. Чтобы повысить встречаемость «предпочтительных» в хозяйственном отношении генотипов и аллелей ДНК-маркеров, необходимо в большей степени использовать быков-производителей с желательными аллелями PRL и GH, а именно В и V соответственно. The polymorphism was studied and the frequency of occurrence of allelic variants for the genes of prolactin (PRL) and somatotropin (GH) was determinedin cows in two bred livestock farms of the Republic of Tatarstan. The object of the study were animals of the black-and-white breed of the first (n=151) and third (n=168) calving and the Kholmogory breed of the first (n=160) and third (n=143) calving. Genotyping of cows for PRL and GH genes was carried out using method of DNA diagnostics. It was revealed that there were mainly individuals with the PRL AA genotype (70,0–77,5%)among dairy cattle, the frequency of the A allele of the prolactin gene was 0,83–0,87, the B allele was 0,13–0,17. The frequency of allele B was higher among Kholmogory cows (0,16–0,17). There was a shift in the genetic balance towards the PRL AA and PRL BB genotypes (χ2=3,97; Р<0,05) in the herd of full-age animals of the black-and-white breed. The advantage of the GH LL genotype was expressed with a frequency of occurrence 51,0–79,2% in the studied cattle herds. The occurence of the GH VV genotype was 2,0–2,4%in black-and-white cattle, 5,6–7,0% was in Kholmogorycattle. The L allele of the somatotropin gene predominated over the V allele in both breeds. Moreover, the occurrence of the L GH allele among cows of the Kholmogory breed (0,28–0,29) was more often. Rare and desirable alleles of the PRL and GH genes are more represented in Kholmogory cows. In order to increase the occurrence of economically “preferred” genotypes and alleles of DNA markers, it is necessary to use more stud bulls with the desired PRL and GH alleles, namely B and V, respectively.

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