scholarly journals On Revision of the UN Recommendations on Statistics of Migration (1998) and the Russian Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
O. S. Chudinovskikh
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Usual Residence ◽  
Critical Issues

The article discusses the reasons for the 1998 revision to the UN recommendations on international migration statistics and related issues. Over the past 20 years since the publication of the Recommendations, there have been major changes in the nature of migration, the priorities of migration policy and the need for adequate statistics. The UN Expert Group Meeting on Migration Statistics in July 2019 raised some critical issues related to difficulties in meeting the conditions set out in the 1998 Recommendations and the persistent significant differences between countries in the availability and quality of migration data.Special attention is paid to the most vulnerable provisions of the Recommendations - the concept of the place of usual residence and time criterion used to measure long-term migration. The article also considers draft guidelines on statistics of certain types of migration – forced, labor and circular- through which international organizations are trying to fill the gaps in the 1998 Recommendations. Final part of the article is devoted to the situation in Russian official statistics of migration after the transition to the new methodology of data collection. It is concluded that the intention to meet the conditions laid down in the 1998 Recommendations, not supported by the technological state of administrative sources, has created new problems. It is suggested that revised statistical standards should be more flexible. It is also necessary to take into account external factors that influence the work of national statistical services in the development of migration statistics.

scholarly journals Trends and Developments in Bioinformatics in 2010: Prospects and Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
A. V. Alekseyenko ◽  
Y. Aphinyanaphongs ◽  
S. Brown ◽  
D. Fenyo ◽  
L. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
To Come ◽  
Generation Sequencing

SummaryTo survey major developments and trends in the field of Bioinformatics in 2010 and their relationships to those of previous years, with emphasis on long-term trends, on best practices, on quality of the science of informatics, and on quality of science as a function of informatics.A critical review of articles in the literature of Bioinformatics over the past year.Our main results suggest that Bioinformatics continues to be a major catalyst for progress in Biology and Translational Medicine, as a consequence of new assaying technologies, most predominantly Next Generation Sequencing, which are changing the landscape of modern biological and medical research. These assays critically depend on bioinformatics and have led to quick growth of corresponding informatics methods development. Clinical-grade molecular signatures are proliferating at a rapid rate. However, a highly publicized incident at a prominent university showed that deficiencies in informatics methods can lead to catastrophic consequences for important scientific projects. Developing evidence-driven protocols and best practices is greatly needed given how serious are the implications for the quality of translational and basic science.Several exciting new methods have appeared over the past 18 months, that open new roads for progress in bioinformatics methods and their impact in biomedicine. At the same time, the range of open problems of great significance is extensive, ensuring the vitality of the field for many years to come.

scholarly journals Late Effects and Survivorship Issues in Patients with Neuroblastoma

Children ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Friedman ◽  
Tara Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Late Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excess Morbidity ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Impaired Quality ◽  
Made In

Over the past two decades, marked progress has been made in understanding the biology of neuroblastoma; this has led to refined risk stratification and treatment modifications with resultant increasing 5-year survival rates for children with neuroblastoma. Survivors, however, remain at risk for a wide variety of potential treatment-related complications, or “late effects”, which may lead to excess morbidity and premature mortality in this cohort. This review summarizes the existing survivorship literature on long-term health outcomes for survivors of neuroblastoma, focusing specifically on potential injury to the endocrine, sensory, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems, as well as survivors’ treatment-related risk for subsequent neoplasms and impaired quality of life. Additional work is needed to assess the potential late effects of newer multimodality therapies with the aim of optimizing long-term medical and psychosocial outcomes for all survivors of neuroblastoma.

Quality of life following surgery for congenital cardiac malformations in neonates and infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Mussatto ◽  
James Tweddell
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiac Malformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Disease ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Neonates And Infants ◽  
The Impact

The past two decades have witnessed a major shift towards repair of most congenital cardiac malformations during the neonatal or infant periods of life.1 Early anatomic correction or palliation, dramatic improvements in survival, and reduced morbidity due to improvements in perioperative and long-term medical management, have resulted in new populations of children that have reaped the benefits of the best care currently available for treatment of congenital cardiac disease. The impact of the congenital cardiac malformations, however, extends far beyond the walls of the hospital or clinic where we diagnose, treat, and follow our patients. The breakthrough of achieving predictable results with repair or palliation of most lesions during the neonatal and infant periods mandates us to look beyond survival, and to examine the lives our patients lead when they are outside of our care. Our purpose in this review is to discuss the measures of psychosocial outcome that are appropriate for exploration in those neonates and infants who survive cardiac surgery, to explore what is known about the psychosocial outcomes and quality of life for these patients, and what needs exist for future research.

scholarly journals RES Implementation in Urban Areas: An Updated Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Delponte ◽  
Corrado Schenone
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Critical Issues

In the past, national energy planning guided the development of a central program for infrastructure investment over a defined time period. However, in the current geopolitical context, environmental damage, fossil fuel depletion, and territorial imbalance caused by the centralised energy model are all factors that require a change of energy structure, establishing actions to invest in energy diversification, and solid commitment to local renewable energies. This also implies an enhancement of the role played by local bodies, and particularly by municipalities, in achieving the targets of the Kyoto Protocol and now of the Paris Agreement, because renewable sources need to be studied, applied, and exploited at the local scale. Within this framework, this paper is organized as an overview on the promotion and implementation of the major RES technologies in the deployment of the new energy paradigm at the urban scale, taking into account multiple targets. A survey of existing literature underlines how the RES topic is mostly approached as a problem of energy supply and implementation of technology, but actual sustainability in terms of a social development process and improvement of quality of life by residents is often neglected. Then, this overview stimulated the authors to highlight three main critical issues and gaps and support the need of an all-encompassing approach as a final recommendation for a general RES urban planning advancement.

Technical Fixes, Technological Solutions

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pool
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Technological Disaster ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Underlying Theme

The past couple of decades have been a confusing, frustrating period for engineers. With their creations making the world an ever richer, healthier, more comfortable place, it should have been a time of triumph and congratulation for them. Instead, it has been an era of discontent. Even as people have come to rely on technology more and more, they have liked it less. They distrust the machines that are supposedly their servants. Sometimes they fear them. And they worry about the sort of world they are leaving to their children. Engineers, too, have begun to wonder if something is wrong. It is not simply that the public doesn’t love them. They can live with that. But some of the long-term costs of technology have been higher than anyone expected: air and water pollution, hazardous wastes, the threat to the Earth’s ozone layer, the possibility of global warming. And the drumbeat of sudden technological disaster over the past twenty years is enough to give anyone pause: Three Mile Island, Bhopal, the Challenger, Chernobyl, the Exxon Valdez, the downing of a commercial airliner by a missile from the U.S.S. Vincennes. Is it time to rethink our approach to technology? Some engineers believe that it is. In one specialty after another, a few prophets have emerged who argue for doing things in a fundamentally new way. And surprisingly, although these visionaries have focused on problems and concerns unique to their own particular areas of engineering, a single underlying theme appears in their messages again and again: Engineers should pay more attention to the larger world in which their devices will function, and they should consciously take that world into account in their designs. Although this may sound like a simple, even a self-evident, bit of advice, it is actually quite a revolutionary one for engineering. Traditionally, engineers have aimed at perfecting their machines as machines. This can be seen in the traditional measures of machines: how fast they are, how much they can produce, the quality of their output, how easy they are to use, how much they cost, how long they last.

scholarly journals Biomaterials for Pelvic Floor Reconstructive Surgery: How Can We Do Better?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Gigliobianco ◽  
Sabiniano Roman Regueros ◽  
Nadir I. Osman ◽  
Julio Bissoli ◽  
Anthony J. Bullock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Past

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are major health issues that detrimentally impact the quality of life of millions of women worldwide. Surgical repair is an effective and durable treatment for both conditions. Over the past two decades there has been a trend to enforce or reinforce repairs with synthetic and biological materials. The determinants of surgical outcome are many, encompassing the physical and mechanical properties of the material used, and individual immune responses, as well surgical and constitutional factors. Of the current biomaterials in use none represents an ideal. Biomaterials that induce limited inflammatory response followed by constructive remodelling appear to have more long term success than biomaterials that induce chronic inflammation, fibrosis and encapsulation. In this review we draw upon published animal and human studies to characterize the changes biomaterials undergo after implantation and the typical host responses, placing these in the context of clinical outcomes.

Shortsighted Leadership in Construction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Sarlos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legislative Changes

Over the past 50 years there has been a significant decline in the quality of constructed outcomes in the Australian building industry. The decline can be readily attributed structural changes in project delivery methodologies that have been brought about by the focus of some industry participants on time, cost and profit at the expense of quality, durability and the project encapsulated environmental health. The changes have been stimulated by legislative changes that have increased the complexity of compliance while at the same time reducing the oversight of work to ensure compliance. A striking impact of these changes has been to force changes to the leadership of the project delivery process where the focus of the effort is on project economics to the exclusion of meeting the project brief and the projects long term durability.

Effects of Technologic and Sociocultural Changes on the Practice of Neonatal Medicine: A View From France

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-504
Author(s):  
J. P. Relier
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Severe Handicap ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mother And Child

When one considers the changes that have occurred in trends of perinatal mortality or the proportion of severe handicap in infants or adults in most Western countries in the past 20 years, there has been a profound change in the prognosis for life and for long-term sequelae after perinatal distress. The technical reasons for this extraordinary progress are straightforward. But it is much more difficult to Understand the profound effects on the quality of the lives that have come into being as a result of these advances. Indeed, it is hard to assess the precise consequences directly related to the new technology, as opposed to effects related to the long separation of mother and child after an abnormal birth and in pathologic states of the newborn.

The Impact of Telehealth on the Healthcare Workforce

2011 ◽  
pp. 180-192
Author(s):  
Sisira Edirippulige ◽  
Rohana Marasinghe ◽  
Siti Noorsuriani Maon ◽  
Yoshikazu Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Health Workforce ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

The pressures on the health workforce have a profound impact on the quality of care. The solution to health workforce issues is a global concern and governments and health systems around the world are seeking solutions to the problems of worker shortages and access to health services. Education and training of more doctors, nurses, and other health professionals require long-term policy changes, funding, and infrastructure development. Telehealth has been identified as an alternative solution to address some of these critical issues and this chapter outlines the potential of telehealth to address some challenges facing the health workforce. The discussion will provide evidence for feasible and effective adoption of telehealth solutions.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on User Experience Evaluation and Identification of Critical UX Issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Feng ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fitness Application

We introduce an approach that supports researchers and practitioners to determine the quality of first-time user experience (FTUX) and long-term user experience (LTUX), as well as to identify critical issues with these two types of UX. The product we chose to study is a mobile fitness application. Mobile apps tend to have a much shorter service life than most other products; thus, the developers/designers need to pay great attention to both first-time and long-term user experience. This study is based on a multi-method approach. We employed the AttrakDiff questionnaire to assess users’ first impressions of the app, and the UX Curve method to evaluate how users’ experience of the app has changed over time. Besides the quantitative data, which helped to determine the quality of user experience, we also collected qualitative data during two interviews with participants, and focused on the issues that predominantly deteriorated user experience. A four-coordinate plane tool was designed later in the data analysis process that combined the two kinds of user experience data at the same time, which led to a qualitative positioning of the user experience status of a certain product. The model was further successfully adopted in the identification of user experience issues of an online fitness application.

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