scholarly journals RAW CLAY MATERIALS FOR THE LIGHT-TONE CERAMIC BRICK FROM THE STANDPOINT OF VANADIUM SALT EFFLORESCENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
O. Sysa ◽  
I. Moreva ◽  
Yu. Trepalina ◽  
A. Chepurnyh ◽  
V. Loktionov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Salt Weathering ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Vanadium Salts ◽  
Salt Efflorescence ◽  
Clay Materials

Ceramic lining brick is the most eco-friendly material and it is widely spread in modern construction. To date, the brick of light colors is of particular interest among consumers (peach, straw, beige, etc.). One of the main problem of brick constructions which impair technical and aesthetical properties is the salt weathering on the ceramic masonry surface. The reasons for this phenomenon are various-high content of water-soluble salts in clay raw materials, migration of salts from cement masonry, water hardness, etc. There are plenty methods to reduce damage and protect lining brick from salt efflorescence but raw materials selection and preliminary analysis of its liability to salt weathering is of particular importance. This paper addresses to the occurrence causes and microstructure of vanadium salts on the light-tone lining brick. The mineral composition, physical and molding properties of raw clay materials from Bolshaya Karpovka, Talalaevskoe, Chasov-Yarskoe deposits is analized from the standpoint of vanadium salt efflorescence. It is found that salt formation on the test sample surface consists of alkalis sulphates and calcium vanadates from the greenish-yellow to orange colors. The paper provided recommendations for using above-mentioned clays in light-tone ceramic brick manufacturing.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF OPTIMIZED RECEPTURAL OF LOW-LACTOSE SYNBIOTIC YOGHOURT ICE CREAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
А. Trubnikova ◽  
О. Chabanova ◽  
S. Bondar ◽  
Т. Sharakhmatova ◽  
Т. Nedobijchuk
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Free Protein ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
New Type ◽  
Main Components

Optimization of the formulation of synbiotic yogurt ice cream low-lactose using lactose-free protein concentrate of buttermilk and yogurt with low lactose content is the goal of expanding the range of low-lactose dairy products and improving the functional and health properties of ice cream. Low-lactose ice cream formulation optimization was performed using a gradient numerical method, namely conjugated gradients (Conjugate Gradient). The optimization algorithm is implemented in Mathcad. An array of data with a set of indicators for the choice of a rational ratio of lactose-free protein concentrate of buttermilk and yogurt base and inulin content for ice cream mixtures is presented. The influence of the ratio of the main components of the mixtures on the foaming ability, which determines the quality of the finished product, has been studied. An important indicator is taken into account - the concentration factor of buttermilk, which is additionally purified from lactose by diafiltration. The graphic material presented in the work clearly demonstrates that the rational ratio of yogurt base and lactose-free protein concentrate of buttermilk, obtained by ultrafiltration with diafiltration purification at a concentration factor of FC = 5 is 40.6: 59.4. The content of additional components included in the recipe of a new type of ice cream is optimized in the work, the mass fractions of which were: inulin - 3.69 %; lactulose – 1 %; ginger - 0.3 %; citric acid - 0.15 %; stabilization system - 0.2 %. The chemical composition and quality indicators of the mixture for ice cream low-lactose synbiotic yogurt, consisting of raw materials in the optimal ratio, were determined. The lactose content in the test sample of the ice cream mixture was 0.99%, the antioxidant activity was 3.1 times higher than in the mixture for traditional yogurt ice cream. The most likely number of lactic acid microorganisms, CFU / cm3 is (2.8 ± 0.9) · 108, the number of bifidobacteria, CFU / cm3 is (2.5 ± 0.2) · 109. The results of the research will be implemented in dairy companies in the production of ice cream.

New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gonzalez ◽  
E. Galan ◽  
A. Miras ◽  
P. Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Clay Materials

AbstractAn attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.

Development of Mixture "Clay – Electro-Smelting Slag" for Ceramic Brick

2014 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.F. Torosyan ◽  
E.S. Torosyan
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Smelting Slag ◽  
Compression Resistance ◽  
Mixing Water ◽  
Melting Slag

Industrial transition to a totally new level of resources and energy saving necessitates improving the technical level of building materials manufacturing, growing their raw materials base, the assortment, enhancing the quality of manufactured products, cutting their cost price. It requires, first of all, carrying out more detailed research in properties of clay and clay loams, and selecting optimal additives for pottery works. Such disadvantages of clays as burning sensitivity, low compression resistance and flexural strength in a burnt state, low frost resistance cause the impossibility of their application without corrective additives. It is quite difficult to find an additive which can solve all the technological problems mentioned above. This paper provides the development of mixture "clay – electro-melting slag" for ceramic brick, moreover, addition of a steel-smelting slag in the fusion mixture results in the change in mixing water content of ceramic masses, strength and coloration of ceramic samples.

DETERMINATION OF CORROSION INFLUENCE ON FUEL METAL, OBTAINED FROM SECONDARY POLYMER RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
K. Сhevchenko ◽  
A. Grigorov ◽  
I. Sinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The article proposes to determine the corrosion effect on fuel metals under dynamic conditions, when washing the prepared copper plate of a certain size, a significant amount of fuel at a certain speed and temperature of the study. This approach will significantly reduce the duration of the study (up to 100 minutes) and is closer to the real conditions of contact of the fuel with a metal surface, in comparison with the standardized method, which is widely used today. Using the proposed laboratory setup, the study was subjected to fuel (200–360 °C), which was obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials, in particular polypropylene. The obtained results showed that the investigated fuel, despite the temperature, the amount of circulating fuel and its water content, does not have a corrosive effect on the copper plate, which can be explained by the absence of corrosive substances in the fuel: water-soluble mineral acids and alkalis, active sulfur compounds and organic acids. However, it should be kept in mind that in polyolefin raw materials, in the form of contamination, there may be products made of other materials, such as rubber and polyvinyl chloride. This can happen when the sorting technology is violated or during the preliminary preparation of raw materials and, in turn, will contribute to the increase in sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds in the fuel, which are characterized by high corrosion activity and should be necessarily removed from the fuel. Note that the fuel obtained from secondary polymer raw materials, in the absence of sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds, is quite promising for the creation on its basis of modern synthetic fuels, analogues of classic petroleum products.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN THE FORM OF CERAMIC CHIPS CRUSHING DROPOUTS ON THE MAIN PROPERTIES OF CEMENT COMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
S-A.Yu. Murtazaev ◽  
A. Uspanova ◽  
M. Hadzhiev ◽  
V. Hadisov
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

during the implementation of the program to restore the housing stock of the Chechen Republic, as well as during the planned demolition of dilapidated housing, significant volumes of technogenic raw materials were generated, in particular, large volumes of brick and concrete scrap. Enterprises for the production of building materials and products also produce significant volumes of production defects, which accumulate over the years at landfills. Ceramic broken brick and broken brick dropouts are used to fill the roadbed, and the main part still goes to the dump and landfill, which is also an environmental problem. One of the promising ways to use dropouts and broken brick itself is to use them as secondary aggregates in concrete and mortars. This article discusses the issues of improving the quality of ceramic concrete mixtures, choosing the optimal composition and technology for mixing concrete mixtures using dust fractions of dropouts for crushing ceramic brick bricks

scholarly journals Assessing protopectin transformation potential of plant tissue using a zoned criterion space

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-361
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kondratenko ◽  
Tatyana Kondratenko ◽  
Andrey Petrov ◽  
Georgy Belozerov
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Criterion Space ◽  
Transformation Potential ◽  
Fragmentation Potential ◽  
Pectin Substances

Introduction. The existing diversity of plant raw materials and products predetermine the prospects of studying their potential as sources of pectin substances. However all current classifications are either fragmented or inconsistent. Study objects and methods. Our theoretical ivestigation aimed to develop an adequate classification for all taxa of plant origin, as well as their tissues and derivatives as pectin-containing materials. We developed criteria for assessing transformation potential of the protopectin complex based on the mass fractions of biologically active non-uronide components, native water-soluble pectin, the protopectin complex, and pectin substances. Individual boundary conditions were based on individual pectin potential, protopectin fragmentation potential, and pectin isolation potential. Results and discussion. Based on the boundary conditions, we defined an universal criterion space that included a set of points M in the coordinates expressed by three main criteria. According to individual boundary conditions, the criterion space was divided, or zoned, into four domains corresponding to protopectin fragmentation potential. They were characterized by: 1) lack of pectin potential, 2) ineffective protopectin fragmentation, 3) ineffective isolation of fragmentation products, and 4) effective isolation. Finally, we developed a generalized algorithm to determine the location of points M[μ1, μ2 , μ3 ] in the zoned criterion space, characterizing the plant tissue. Conclusion. Our approach can be used to assess any plant tissue for its protopectin transformation potential, which determines the technological influence on its pectin potential. This approach is universal, i.e., applicable to both plant tissue and its derivatives.

Improving Safety when Extracting Water-soluble Ores by Optimizing the Parameters of the Backfill Mass

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
M.M. Khayrutdinov ◽  
◽  
Ch.B. Kongar-Syuryun ◽  
A.M. Khayrutdinov ◽  
Yu.S. Tyulyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain State ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
Geological Conditions

The results of the scientific and research work devoted to modeling the stress-strain state of the mining system of an underground mine using the finite element method in the FLAC3D software are presented in the article. The possibility of using room-and-pillar mining with backfill with the abandonment of chain pillars is justified. The results are presented concerning the research results of the quantitative assessment of the mass using the von Mises equation and Norton' power law of creep to estimate the contour stress. It becomes possible to determine the sequence of mining of the deposit area and the stage-by-stage filling of the stopes at the stage of mining design due to the high accuracy of modeling the stress-strain state of the mass near mining operations using FLAC3D software. The proposed approach is possible when evaluating the geotechnical state of the rock mass when using the mining systems with various methods of support of the mined-out area: natural; artificial; with the collapse of ores and enclosing rocks, as well as when calculating the combined method of deposit development. A differentiated approach to assessing the state of the mass is possible considering difficult mining and geological conditions, conditions of increased rock pressure, abundant water influx, increased fracturing of rocks by introducing additional conditions into the model depending on its geotechnical state. Variant of the comprehensive exploitation of mineral resources was proposed considering the total value of natural and man-made geo-resources of the area being mined. The possibility of rational use of the mined-out space with the use of various positive qualities of geo-resources at their manmade transformation is also considered. An assessment of the mineral and raw materials potential of the mined area is given with a proposal for the prospects of increasing the integrated approach of excavation, increasing the life of the mining enterprise and the complexity of developing this area.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPOUNDING OF SOFT DRINK ON THE BASIS OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS AND AMBER ACID

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Л. ГАНИЖЕВА ◽  
Н.Н. БЕЛИНА ◽  
А.Н. МАТВИЕНКО ◽  
Р.Д. ГАНИЖЕВ ◽  
С.В. НЕГИНА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Water

Теоретически обосновано создание безалкогольного напитка «Янтарная фея», в состав которого входят янтарная и лимонная кислоты, серебро, а также сухие водорастворимые экстракты семян расторопши и листьев мелиссы. Разработана рецептура безалкогольного напитка «Янтарная фея». Приведены данные, характеризующие органолептические и физико-химические показатели напитка. The theoretical basis for creating a soft drink Amber Fairy is presented. A soft drink Amber Fairy includes amber and citric acids, silver and dry water-soluble extracts of seeds of milk thistle and lemon balm leaves. The recipe of soft drink Amber Fairy is developed. The data characterizing organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of the drink are presented.

STUDY OF PROTEIN FRACTIONS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE HYDROLYZATES OBTAINED FROM SMOKED SPRAT HEADS

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Olga Mezenova ◽  
Vladimir Wolkov ◽  
Larisa Baydalinova ◽  
Natalia Mezenova ◽  
Svetlana Agafonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Peptide Fractions

The authors study three fractions obtained as a result of hydrolysis of smoked sprat heads (under temperature of 130oC and presser of 0.25 MPa) – fat, protein water-soluble, and protein-and-mineral ones. Waste from sprat production of two fish canning complexes of the Kaliningrad Region - “RosCon” and “Kolkhoz for the Motherland” - was used as raw material. Hydrolysis was carried out in an aqueous medium in two ways - with preliminary separation of fat and without this operation. The protein fraction was sublimated and its quantitative and qualitative indices were examined - mass yield, solubility, chemical composition and molecular fractional composition of the obtained peptide fractions were determined. The output of sublimated protein fractions is practically independent of the type of raw material and the method of pre-treatment and is 6.47.9% of the mass of raw materials. The chemical composition of protein fractions varies widely in terms of fat (1.4–8.3%), minerals (9.8–13.4%) and proteins (72.1–80.2%). The solubility of the peptide fractions ranged from 91-98%. The molecular weight assessment results showed a high content of a low molecular weight fraction of peptides with an MM of less than 10 kDa in all experimental samples (about 38%). This indicates a high digestibility and biological value of the obtained peptide compositions. Sublimated peptide compositions had typical organoleptic characteristics, pleasant aroma and taste of smoked fish. Ключевые

scholarly journals Determination of Fish Flesh Content in Frozen Coated Fish Products (Modification of AOAC Official Method 971.13): Collaborative Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E Fox Dobson ◽  
Foster D McClure ◽  
Alvin P Rainosek ◽  
K Dashiell ◽  
J Fox Dobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Fully Cooked ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract An intralaboratory1collaborative study evaluated a modified version of AOAC Official Method 971.13 for determining the fish flesh content (FFC) in frozen coated fish products by comparing it with the on-line method. Eleven collaborators analyzed 36 products (a total of 6336 test samples). Each product targeted one of 4 percent fish flesh (PFF) levels (35,50,65, and 80). Products were manufactured from one of 3 raw materials (fillet blocks, minced blocks, and natural fillets) and processed in one of 4 forms (sticks, portions, formed portions, and fillets) and one of 4 styles (raw breaded, batter-dipped, precooked, and fully cooked). Each “official” test sample was tracked through the processing system and weighed (1) before battering and/or breading and, depending on product style, before frying; and (2) after battering and/or breading and, depending on product style, after frying; so that it served as its own control.

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