scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MAKANAN RENDAH LEMAK TERHADAP MORFOLOGI SEL DAN EKSPRESI RESEPTOR-1 NEUROTENSIN (NTSR-1) PADA MUKOSA USUS TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN

2017 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Gatot Suparmanto ◽  
Wahyu Dwi Agussafutri
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Neurotensin Receptor ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Neurotensin Receptor 1 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRAK Neurotensin merupakan protein yang memiliki fungsi ganda dan bekerja di otak dan usus sehingga sering disebut sebagai neuropeptida yang berperan sebagai neurtrasmitter saat di otak di otak dan disebut hormon saat berada di gastrointestinal dan bertujuan mengatur gerakan lambung,duodenum dan usus, serta sekresi asam lambung, penyerapan klorida dan air di usus besar, keberadaan neurotensin paling banyak terdapat di jejunoileum yaitu 85% dan neurotensin reseptor-1(NTSR-1) adalah reseptor terbanyak di jejunoileum. Makanan rendah lemak adalah makanan yang memiliki kadar lemak di bawah 25% dan memiliki pengaruh terhadap motilitas usus dan juga otak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian makanan rendah lemak terhadap morfologi sel dan ekspresi reseptor-1 neurotensin (NTSR-1) di mukosa usus. Tikus wistar jantan berusia 3 bulan berjumlah 20 ekor di bagi kedalam 2 kelompok, Kelompok 1 diberikan makanan rendah lemak AIN 93 M kelompok 2 diberikan pakan tinggi lemak AIN-93G, perlakuan dilakukan selama 30 hari, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan Imunnohistokimia (IHC) dan pembacaannya menggunakan software IHC reader yang menghitung berdasarkan penyerapan warna pada slide,dan dilakukan pemeriksaan Hemotoxilin Eosin untuk mengetahui morfologi sel di usus Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil rerata yaitu: kelompok 1 dengan pakan standar yaitu AIN 93M menunjukkan hasil rerata 51,08± 18,13 dengan rentang nilai 6,03-96,14. kelompok 2 dengan pakan AIN 93G didapatkan hasil 107,74± 18,67 dengan rentang nilai 61,34-154,13. Hasil pengamatan IHC pada pewarnaan HE menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan morfologi pada sel usus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian makanan tinggi lemak (AIN 93 G) dapat memicu sekresi neurotensin lebih tinggi. Makanan rendah lemak (AIN 93 M) tidak memicu sekresi neurotensin dan tidak merubah morfologi sel usus.   Kata kunci: neurotensin, , jejunoileum, imunohistokimia     .ABSTRACT Neurotensin is a protein that has a dual function and work in the brain and the gut so often referred to as neuropeptides that act as neurtrasmitter current in the brain in the brain and is called hormone while in the gastrointestinal and respiratory stomach, duodenum and colon, as well as acid secretion Stomach, chloride and air absorption in the colon, found most neurotensin in jejunoileum ie 85% and neurotensin receptor-1 (NTSR-1) receptors in jejunoileum. Low-fat foods are foods that have a fat content below 25% and have an effect on the motility of the intestine and also the brain.This study aimed to determine the effect of food on the fat and cell morphology and expression of neurotensin receptor-1 (NTSR-1) in the intestinal mucosa. Rats Wistar male aged 3 months to 20 fish inside into two groups, Group 1 was given a low fat diet AIN 93 M group 2 is given high feed fat AIN-93g, this treatment is carried out for 30 days, then examined Imunnohistokimia (IHC) and the reading using IHC reader software that calculates based on the color absorption on the slide, and Hemotoxilin Eosin examination to determine the morphology of cells in the intestin. This study showed that the average results: group 1 with a standard feed that is AIN 93m shows the results mean 51.08 ± 18.13 with a range of values from 6.03 to 96.14. Group 2 with AIN 93G feed result of 107,74 ± 18,67 with value range 61,34-154,13. And the result of IHC observation on HE staining shows no morphological changes in intestinal cells. The results of this study showed that using a high-fat diet (AIN 93 G) could pass the secretion of higher neurotensin. Low-fat foods (AIN 93 M) do not escape neurotensin secretion and can not alter the morphology of intestinal cells.   Keywords: neurotensin ,, jejunoileum, immunohistochemistry

scholarly journals The Level of Reactive Carbonyl Derivatives of Proteins, Malondialdehyde, and Catalase Activity in the Brain of Rats after Therapy Following Chronic Unpredictable Moderate Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
Yelena Valerievna Yepifantseva ◽  
Mayra Galimzhanovna Abdrakhmanova ◽  
Yelena Vladimirovna Pozdnyakova ◽  
Polina Sergeyevna Semenikhina ◽  
Ruslan Andreevich Belyayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Protein Carbonylation ◽  
Carbonyl Derivatives ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND: Understanding the mechanisms of the behavioral disorders’ emergence under the influence of chronic stress is the most important aspect of the subsequent development of a strategy for its therapy and prevention. Changes in the oxidative metabolism processes can be decisive in the development of the pathogenetic cascade in the brain. Information about these processes can be obtained by studying protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and catalase activity (CA). The complexity of the therapeutic impact in various behavioral disorders implies the search for new pharmacological substances and the study of the previously known drugs’ effects based on the available scientific data. AIM: The aim of the study was to study the reactive carbonyl derivatives of proteins (RCDP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and CA in the brain of rats after therapy following chronic unpredictable moderate stress (CUMS). METHODS: Forty male outbred rats weighing 450–500 g were used in this study. For 21 days, all animals were exposed to the diverse stress factors for developing the CUMS. The animals were divided into four groups of 10 rats, each using randomized selection. The rats of one group were euthanized by decapitation with subsequent brain harvesting (Group 4). Remaining three groups of rats were treated with placebo (Group 1), harmine hydrochloride (Group 2), and amitriptyline (Group 3) for 21 days. Upon completion of therapy, all rats were also euthanized by decapitation with subsequent brain harvesting. The levels of RCDP, MDA, and CA were studied in their brain, and after that, we compared the multiple studied indicators in four groups. RESULTS: The results of the rat brain examinations in four groups showed that RCDP level in Group 2 was significantly lower than in Group 4 (p = 0.000). Similarly, in Group 1, it was lower than in Group 4 (p = 0.021), plus, it did not differ statistically from the harmine hydrochloride group (p = 1,000). Indicators of Groups 3 and 4 did not have any significant differences in RCDP level, too, (p = 0.799); however, the RCDP level in Group 2 was significantly lower than in Group 3 (p = 0.040). MDA indicators did not show significant differences; however, a tendency for lower values was revealed in Group 1 (p = 0.233) and Group 2 (p = 0.151). CA in Group 4 was lower than that in Group 1 (p = 0.000), Group 2 (p = 0.001), and Group 3 (p = 0.003) contemporaneously, while all treatment groups were comparable (p = 1.000). CONCLUSION: The result of exposure to chronic stress can be reproduced with the best quality in the CUMS model. The neurobiological foundations of the model make it possible to assess biochemical markers of oxidative metabolism and evaluate the possibilities of pharmacological correction of stress-induced behavioral disorders. To assess the mechanisms of autoregulation of oxidative metabolism, this study included a placebo group (Group 1), the level of RCDP in which was significantly higher in comparison with Group 3 and Group 4 and slightly lower than in Group 2. In this study, harmine hydrochloride demonstrated activity exceeding amitriptyline, particularly limiting the process of protein carbonylation, not noted for amitriptyline. According to the results of the RCDP assessment in the CUMS model, the process of protein carbonylation can be considered to be one of the significant factors in the deactivation of neurotransmitters. The CA levels determined in all groups allowed us to consider this marker as the most sensitive to the effects of stress, which possibly has an inhibitory effect on catalase, as its activity in all groups after therapy was more than two-fold higher than in animals right after CUMS. We can assume that CA plays an important role in starting the processes of autoregulation of oxidative metabolism. The study was carried out as a part of the implementation of the scientific and technical program No. BR05236584 “Development of new herbal preparations and their pharmacological and clinical studies” (O.0820). (2018–2020) in the priority area, “Life and Health Sciences.”

scholarly journals The fence post depth electrode technique to control both brain tumors and epileptic seizures in patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Masuda ◽  
Ayataka Fujimoto ◽  
Mitsuyo Nishimura ◽  
Keishiro Sato ◽  
Hideo Enoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Fence Post ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Group 1

Background: To control brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE), both epileptological and neuro-oncological approaches are required. We hypothesized that using depth electrodes (DEs) as fence post catheters, we could detect the area of epileptic seizure onset and achieve both brain tumor removal and epileptic seizure control. Methods: Between August 2009 and April 2018, we performed brain tumor removal for 27 patients with BTRE. Patients who underwent lesionectomy without DEs were classified into Group 1 (13 patients) and patients who underwent the fence post DE technique were classified into Group 2 (14 patients). Results: The patients were 15 women and 12 men (mean age, 28.1 years; median age 21 years; range, 5–68 years). The brain tumor was resected to a greater extent in Group 2 than Group 1 (P < 0.001). Shallower contacts showed more epileptogenicity than deeper contacts (P < 0.001). Group 2 showed better epilepsy surgical outcomes than Group 1 (P = 0.041). Conclusion: Using DEs as fence post catheters, we detected the area of epileptic seizure onset and controlled epileptic seizures. Simultaneously, we removed the brain tumor to a greater extent with fence post DEs than without.

scholarly journals Pathomorphology of adaptive changes in the remaining kidney in the early postoperative period after nephrectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Igor Sergeevich Shormanov ◽  
Marina S. Los ◽  
Maxim V. Kosenko ◽  
Natalia S. Shormanova
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Left Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Single Kidney ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To study the adaptive capacity of a single remaining kidney in the early postoperative period of nephrectomy in an experiment. Materials and methods. The experiment involved 35 laboratory white rats, which were divided into three experimental groups. Group 1 (n = 5) intact animals, group 2 (n = 15) animals underwent nephrectomy on the left; group 3 (n = 15) animals underwent nephrectomy and additionally were created 90 minute hypoxic hypoxia. Histological material was collected on the 5th, 21st and 60th days after surgery. Results. Characteristic morphological changes in the only remaining kidney were an increase in the size of the glomeruli and a decrease in their number. Nephron fibrosis was detected, accompanied by increased production of antigens by the tubular epithelium, which is likely a response to a cascade increase in oxidative stress and increased release of cytokines that stimulate the production of intrarenal collagen. Conclusion. Nephrectomy and hypoxia are provocateurs for the development of systemic distress syndrome, the result of which is the formation of a vicious pathogenetic circle, which reduces the functionality of the renal tissue. This can be considered as one of the early preclinical mechanisms for the initiation of single kidney disease in the future.

scholarly journals Assessment of Anterior Segment Changes in Pseudophakic Eyes, Using Ultrasonic Biomicroscopic Imaging, after Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Silicone Oil or Gas Tamponade

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Ünsal ◽  
Kadir Eltutar ◽  
Belma Karini ◽  
Osman Kızılay
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Ciliary Process ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To evaluate the morphological changes of the anterior segment using ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM) imaging in pseudophakic patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil or gas (C3F8) internal tamponade agent injection.Method. This prospective study included pseudophakic patients with planned PPV, divided into two groups according to internal tamponade agent: those in which silicone oil was used (n=27, Group 1) and those in which gas (C3F8) was used (n=24, Group 2). UBM measurements were performed in the supine position before and one week after surgery.Results. In patients of Group 1, postoperative trabecular meshwork-ciliary process distance (T-CPD) and iris-ciliary process distance (I-CPD), according to preoperative values, were found to be statistically significantly reduced, and postoperative mean value of scleral thickness (ST) and intraocular pressure (IOP), according to preoperative value, was found to be statistically significantly increased. In patients of Group 2, postoperative mean values of anterior chamber depth (ACD), ciliary body thickness (CBT), T-CPD, I-CPD, and IOP, according to preoperative values, were found to be statistically significantly reduced. Preoperatively, in Group 2 patients, according to Group 1 patients, TIA and IOP were found to be statistically significantly increased. Preoperative and postoperative IOP between the measured parameters with UBM showed no statistically significant correlation.Conclusions. Gases cause more morphological changes in the anterior segment structures. It is thought that complications such as increased intraocular pressure can be seen more frequently for this reason.

scholarly journals Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical features of the esophageal mucosa in children with asthma combined with reflux esophagitis

Pathologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
T. D. Zadorozhna ◽  
Yu. H. Antypkin ◽  
T. R. Umanets ◽  
A. A. Buratynska ◽  
T. M. Archakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflux Esophagitis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Asthma Group ◽  
Group 1

The most common comorbid pathology in children with asthma is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) associated with reflux esophagitis (RE), which ranges from 32 % to 80 %. Histological changes of the esophageal mucosa in RE have been described in adults and children, but there are only isolated studies that describe the morphological features of the esophageal mucosa in combined pathology, taking into account the severity of asthma. The aim is to study the histological and immunohistochemical features of the esophageal mucosa in children with asthma combined with reflux esophagitis. Materials and methods. In 43 children aged 6–17 years with RE and severe asthma (group 1), with mild/moderate asthma (group 2) and without asthma (group 3), mucosal biopsies from the distal and proximal esophagus were examined by histolo­gical and immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical research was performed in serial paraffin sections according to standard protocols using monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67, MMP-9, VEGF, BCL-2, IgE and CD68. Results. In children with asthma combined with RE, the structural changes of the esophageal mucosa differed depending on the severity of asthma. Severe basal epithelial hyperplasia was registered in 92.31 % of children in group 1, and its frequency was significantly different from children in groups 2 and 3. A characteristic feature of children with asthma and reflux eso­phagitis was dyschronosis, which was characterized by foci of hypo- and hypertrophy of basal layer cells (92.31 % of children in group 1 and 37.50 % of children in group 2). Severe elongation of the “papillae” was found only in 38.46 % of children in group 1. Immunohistochemical features of the esophageal mucosa of children with asthma and reflux esophagitis revealed the expression of Ki-67 antigen, IgE and a weak macrophage response (CD68), the severity of which differed from children with reflux esophagitis without asthma. Conclusions. Morphological changes in the esophageal mucosa of children with reflux esophagitis and asthma differ from children with reflux esophagitis without asthma in the presence of severe epithelial damage, dyschronosis of changes, severe elongation of the “papillae”, pronounced cell proliferation (Ki-67) and local IgE expression.

scholarly journals PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RENAL PARENCHYMA, AFTER MODELING OF ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS IN MICE, DEPENDING ON THE ABILITY OF BACTERIA TO FORM BIOFILMS.

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
I. O. Mitiuriaeva-Kornijko ◽  
A. A. Vodianyk ◽  
V. V. Lihodievskyy ◽  
V. A. Ponyatovskiy ◽  
A. V. Gniloskurenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Ability Group ◽  
Secondary Alteration ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infectious diseases that affects people of any age and sex. The purpose of our study was to determine morphological changes in acute pyelonephritis, depending on the ability of bacteria strains to form biofilms. Materials and methods. The model of acute pyelonephritis was reproduced by ascending urinary infection model of laboratory mice with clinical isolates of E.coli with low biofilm formation ability (group # 1) and high biofilm formation ability (group # 2), the material was taken on day 7 of the experiment, histological sections were analyzed in comparison with control (group # 3). Results. In group # 1, leukocyte infiltration of the medulla of the kidney with the presence of edema of the stroma was observed. In group # 2, hyperinfiltration of all parts of the kidney was observed, together with the presence of extravasates and severe edema of the stroma. Discussion. Changes revealed by histological examination may indicate that biofilm formation leads to an ineffective immuneresponse, which in turn leads to increased secondary alteration. Conclusions. Biofilm formation is an important factor in the pathogenicity of microorganisms, which affects the course of acute pyelonephritis.

Antisense Inhibition of Central, But not Peripheral Renin Angiotensin System Decreased Arterial Pressure in Chronic Phase of Two-Kidney, One Clip Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 729-729
Author(s):  
Shuntaro Kagiyama ◽  
S M Galli ◽  
M. Ian Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Group 1

P198 Introduction: The systemic renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation during the development of two-kidney, one clip hypertension (2K1C). Its contributions decrease with time after constriction of the renal artery. During the chronic phase, the peripheral RAS returns to normal, nevertheless for months the hypertension is sustained. We hypothesized that during this phase of 2K1C hypertension, the brain RAS contributes to the maintenance of high BP. Methods: Therefore, we studied in the role of brain RAS by decreasing the synthesis of angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin type 1a receptors (AT1R) with intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODN). The response of systolic BP (SBP) to AS-ODN to AGT was studied at 6 mo(Group 1) and the response to AS-ODN to AT1R at 10 mo post clipping (Group 2). Each group was divided into AS-ODN, sense or inverted ODN, and saline subgroups. All groups were implanted with ICV cannulae one week before treatment. SBP was monitored by tail cuff method. Plasma and brain angiotensin II (AngII) content was measured by radioimmunoassay in all treated 2K1C groups and in nonclipped rats. Results: The results show that in Group 1, at 6 mo post clipping, the ICV AS-ODN to AGT (200 μg/kg, n=5) significantly decreased SBP(≈−22±6 mmHg, P<0.05)compared to sense ODN and saline group (n=5). The hypothalamic AngII content in sense ODN and saline groups was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in nonclipped rats. AS-ODN to AGT reduced the elevated hypothalamic AngII level. Plasma AngII was significantly decreased in the clipped group (40±12 pg/ml) compared with nonclipped group (75±8 pg/ml). In Group 2, 10 mo post clipping, the ICV injection of AS-ODN to AT1R (250 μg/kg, n=6) significantly decreased SBP(≈−26±8 mmHg, P<0.05) for 3 days post injection, compared to inverted ODN. In contrast, intravenous AS-ODN to AT1R in dose of 250-500 μg/kg did not affect SBP. Conclusion: These results suggest that the brain RAS plays an important role in maintaining the elevated SBP in chronic hypertension phase.

Efeito do Halotano sobre a Gestação e a Viabilidade Embrionária em Ratos - Estudo Experimental/Effect of Halothane on Pregnancy and Embryonic Viability in Rats - Experimental Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Domingues ◽  
Loraine Minchuerri ◽  
Edilaine Assunção Caetano ◽  
José Antônio Dias Garcia ◽  
Yolanda Christina de Sousa Loyola
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Experimental Effect ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Embryonic Viability ◽  
Cord Length ◽  
Group 1

Objetivo: conhecer alterações morfológicas no desenvolvimento embrionário de filhotes de ratas expostas ao halotano no período estral e gestacional e avaliar o período gestacional de maior risco. Materiais e Métodos: projeto aprovado pela Comissão de Ética e Pesquisa da UNIFENAS (Parecer Nº 11ª/2008). Foram utilizadas 25 ratas da linhagem Wistar distribuídas em cinco grupos. Grupo 1: controle (n=5) ratas com prenhez identificada sem exposição ao halotano. Grupo 2: (n=5) ratas expostas ao halotano no período estral. Grupos 3: (n=5) ratas expostas ao halotano no 8º-10º dia de prenhez. Grupo 4: (n=5) ratas expostas ao halotano no 11º a 13º dia e Grupo 5:(n=5) 14º a 16º dia. Os animais foram expostos ao halotano (0,8%) por 30 minutos com oxigênio a 100%. Os filhotes, analisados quanto ao tamanho, peso, alterações morfológicas e comprimento do cordão umbilical e número de nascidos vivos por grupo. Os resultados foram expressos como média (+-), desvio padrão da média, seguida de teste de Tukey. Resultados: Ocorreram alterações morfológicas no período gestacional e alterações no peso, tamanho e comprimento do cordão umbilical de filhotes do grupo 2 (3,05 ± 0,10 cm, 3,17 ± 0,17g e 2,57 ± 0,12 cm), sendo significativo (p<0,005). Conclusão: Halotano não comprometeu a fertilização dos animais estudados, mas promoveu o aparecimento de alterações morfológicas no primeiro período gestacional, mostrando o risco de teratogenicidade e consequentemente, a inviabilidade embrionária. Palavras chave: halotano, gestação, ratos ABSTRACTObjective: identify morphological changes in embryonic development in rats exposed to gestational and halotano estrous period and assess the gestational period of greatest risk. Material and Methods: project approved by Commission standards and research ethics at UNIFENAS (Federal University of Alfenas) (Opinion No. 11ª /2008). We used 25 female Wistar rats, distributed in five groups. Group 1: control (n=5) rats with pregnancy identified without exposure to halothane. Group 2: (n=5) rats exposed to halothane during estrous period. Groups 3: (n=5) rats exposed to halothane in 8th to 10th day of pregnancy. Group 4: (n=5) rats exposed to halothane in 11th to 13th days of pregnancy, and Group 5: (n=5) 14th to 16th days. The animals were exposed to halothane (0.8%) for 30 minutes with 100% oxygen. The offspring of the groups was analyzed according to size, weight, morphological and umbilical cord length and number of live births in each group. Results were expressed as mean +- standard deviation, followed by Tukey test. Results: morphological changes in different periods of pregnancy and changes in weight, size and length of the cord in group 2 (3.05±0.10 cm, 3.17±0.17 g and 2.57±0.12 cm) being significant (p<0.005). Conclusion: halothane did not affect the fertility of the animals studied, but promoted the appearance of morphological changes in the first period of pregnancy, showing the risk of teratogenicity and therefore the embryonic infeasibility. Key words: halothane, pregnancy, rats

Effect of Duration of Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy on the Development of Peritonitis

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Troidle ◽  
Nancy Gorban–Brennan ◽  
Alan S. Kliger ◽  
Fredric O. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Group 1

Objective Long-term chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) therapy has been associated with alterations in peritoneal membrane structure and peritoneal macrophage function. We thus reviewed our experience with the development of peritonitis among patients maintained on CPD therapy for various time periods to determine if the spectrum of organisms, rates of peritonitis, and outcome changed with the duration of CPD therapy. Setting and Patients Patients maintained on CPD therapy in our out-patient unit in New Haven, Connecticut. Design Retrospective review of the charts of patients maintained on CPD therapy (HomeChoice Cycler or Ultrabag, Baxter, McGaw Park, IL, U.S.A.) between 1 January 1997 and 31 March 1998. These patients were divided into three groups: group 1, patients maintained on CPD therapy < 12 months; group 2, patients maintained on CPD therapy for 13 - 36 months; and group 3, patients maintained on CPD therapy for ≥ 37 months. Results The study included 256 patients: 101 patients in group 1, 110 patients in group 2, and 45 patients in group 3. All groups of patients were similar in age. There were significantly fewer Caucasians and fewer males in group 3 in comparison to groups 1 and 2. The incidence of diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease was significantly lower among patients in group 3 in comparison to groups 1 and 2. There were 155 episodes of peritonitis during the study period for an overall rate of 1 episode in 18.7 patient-months. The overall, gram-positive, and gram-negative rates of peritonitis were not significantly different among the patients in groups 1, 2, and 3. There were more episodes of Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis among patients in group 3 in comparison to group 2 (1 episode in 59.6 vs 1 episode in 280.2 patient-months, respectively). Two weeks after the development of peritonitis, 94.6% of the patients in group 3 continued CPD therapy, while 79.4% of the patients in group 1 continued CPD therapy ( p < 0.05). No patient in group 3 transferred to hemodialysis, while 10.3% and 8.2% of the patients in groups 1 and 2 transferred to hemodialysis ( p < 0.05). The death rate 2 weeks after the onset of peritonitis was 10.3%, 9.8%, and 5.4% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively ( p = NS). Conclusions Despite the immunological and morphological changes that occur in the peritoneal cavity with increased time on CPD therapy, there was no difference in the overall, gram-positive, or gram-negative rates of peritonitis for patients maintained on CPD therapy for various time periods. Patients in group 3 continued CPD therapy more often than did patients in group 1. Patients in group 3 transferred to hemodialysis less often than did the remaining patients in the study period. The incidence of death was not significantly different for the three groups of patients.

EFFECTS OF SEVERE HEMORRHAGE ON IN VIVO BRAIN AND SMALL INTESTINE MITOCHONDRIAL NADH AND MICROCIRCULATORY BLOOD FLOW

2008 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRA M. MANDELBAUM ◽  
EFRAT BARBIRO-MICHAELY ◽  
MICHAEL TOLMASOV ◽  
AVRAHAM MAYEVSKY
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Group 1

Severe body stress induced by hypoxemia and hypotension may lead to total body energy state deterioration. The perfusion of the most vital organs is maintained at the expense of "less vital" organs. In the present study, we used a multi-site multi-parametric (MSMP) monitoring system for real-time evaluation of tissue blood flow (TBF) and mitochondrial NADH fluorescence of the brain and the small intestine following hemorrhage. In Group 1, uncontrolled hemorrhage, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was decreased to 40 mmHg within 2 minutes and shed blood was re-infused after 30 minutes. In Group 2, controlled hemorrhage, during the 30 minutes of hemorrhage, MAP was kept at 40 mmHg. During hemorrhage, in both groups, the intestinal TBF and NADH deteriorated, while the brain remained relatively well protected. In Group 1, all parameters partly recovered within the hemorrhage phase, while in Group 2, complete recovery occurred only after resuscitation. At the end of the experiment, both models showed a decrease in intestinal viability (TBF decreased, NADH increased), while the brain metabolic state in Group 2 declined slightly. Our unique multi-parametric monitoring device demonstrated that, under hemorrhage, the small intestine responded entirely differently from the brain. This may suggest the potential usefulness of the monitoring of less vital organs, as proxy organs, in critical conditions such as massive hemorrhage. The present study also highlights the importance of mitochondrial function monitoring in similar conditions in the clinical environment.

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