scholarly journals Semantic aspects of harmony: the phenomenon of unlocked structures in romance lyrics of XIX century

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (49) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
T.V. Filatova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Musical Piece ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the study. The revealing of methodological effectiveness of integration interaction of different methods of analysis and scientific reflections for analytical procedures is relevant in the context of the intersection of interests of studies of harmony and musical semantic. Main objective of the study – to designate semantic aspects of harmony in conditions of unlocked structures on material of romances of the nineteenth century. Methodology. An integrative methodological projection of algorithms of study tonally-harmonic and compositional processes on the procedure of musical semantic analysis is proposed. General outline of the analytical operations deployed in several discourses: • functional-harmonic and compositional analysis of the piece in its entirety, taking into account the poetic framework; examine the nature of the interaction of harmonic and compositional logic; • the isolation of the verbal text of the key signs of poetry - semantic words; determination of their compositional arrangement in musical form; • segmentation of musical intonation tokens, their selection from the text of the work, revealing the breadth of contextual coverage of meanings and semantic potential; correlation with the semantics of «migratory genre and intonation formulas»; • detection of specificity of implement semantic elements within the analyzed text or composing style, revealing of aspects of particular musical semantics; detection meaning of harmonic connection tokens, wich unlock structure, with the word and the melodic intonation; definition of internal, external and immanent, extramusical nature of the phenomenon; establishing its degree of semantic activity. Results. Varieties of unlocked structures are systematized: with system-logical parameters – functionally, subsystemically and modulation unlocked structures; with phonic parameters – dissonance and consonance unlocked structures; with causal parameters – potentially and principally unlocked structures. External or extramusical and internal, immanent-harmonic motivations of their forming are identified. Among the external factors of unlocking are articulated: the impact of the poetic word as the source of empathy; irreversible course of imaginative mutations; retention of states innuendo, incompleteness, undecidability, anxiety, confusion, fear; semantic marks of question, surprise, regret. The gap of functional balance in the phase of clotting of harmonic integrity is seen as a reaction to the motion of meaning. Among the internal factors the unlocking are highlighted: density and irreversibility of modulation streams; phenomena of modal variability; the impact of modal experience of regulation of harmonic processes; the power of cyclic unity; inner aspiration to an open form as allusion of infinity. Functional inversion, and the special status of the tonal system with reduced centripetal potential (Y. Holopov) are listed as an important incentive of the unlocking. The phenomenon of the unlocking as a principle (the mechanism) the organization of text units of harmony is investigated in conjunction with the semantic field of piece, music tokens, artistic word and meaning. Factors of the displacement of semantic connotations fixing of keywords, semantics of "migratory genre and intonation formulas" (L. Shaimukhametova) during the formation of the vertical layers of music are considered. Three positions based on analysis of the works of R. Schumann, F. Liszt, G. Mahler, P. Tchaikovsky, M. Mussorgsky, illustrating the semantic nature of the harmonic disjunction are allocated. Position 1: harmony as meaning generator. It acts at the level of the formation of intonation and harmonic tokens – pitch compacted units of musical sense, elements of particular musical semantics. It forms a zone of high concentration of semantic elements in a vertical cut of music. It is fixed in vocal miniatures: R. Schumann’s «Im wunderschonen Monat Mai», F. Liszt’s «Verlassen», M. Mussorgsky‘s «Orphan». Position 2: harmony as a regulator of meaning. It acts at the level of the changes of emotional amplitudes. It provides strength and depth of emotional impulse. It revealed in F. Liszt’s romances and songs: «J’ai perdu ma force et ma vie», «Sonetto XC», «La?t mich ruhen», «Was Liebe sei?», «Einst». Position 3: harmony as a modulator of meaning. It affects to the level of tonal drama, transformation of semantic field of piece. It transforms the track of pitch content irreversibly. It appears in the case of a harmonic unlocking of the modulating type, wich running contrary to the idea of rounding tone frame. It shifts whole pitch platform of musical piece under the combined influence of intonation, word, number of plot and drama of movement of meanings. It forms in vocal works: F. Liszt’s «Gebet», P. Tchaikovsky’s «We were sitting with you», M. Mussorgsky’s «General», G. Mahler «Erinnerung».

scholarly journals Semantic aspects of harmony: the phenomenon of unlocked structures in romance lyrics of XIX century

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (49) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
T.V. Filatova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Musical Piece ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the study. The revealing of methodological effectiveness of integration interaction of different methods of analysis and scientific reflections for analytical procedures is relevant in the context of the intersection of interests of studies of harmony and musical semantic. Main objective of the study – to designate semantic aspects of harmony in conditions of unlocked structures on material of romances of the nineteenth century. Methodology. An integrative methodological projection of algorithms of study tonally-harmonic and compositional processes on the procedure of musical semantic analysis is proposed. General outline of the analytical operations deployed in several discourses: • functional-harmonic and compositional analysis of the piece in its entirety, taking into account the poetic framework; examine the nature of the interaction of harmonic and compositional logic; • the isolation of the verbal text of the key signs of poetry - semantic words; determination of their compositional arrangement in musical form; • segmentation of musical intonation tokens, their selection from the text of the work, revealing the breadth of contextual coverage of meanings and semantic potential; correlation with the semantics of «migratory genre and intonation formulas»; • detection of specificity of implement semantic elements within the analyzed text or composing style, revealing of aspects of particular musical semantics; detection meaning of harmonic connection tokens, wich unlock structure, with the word and the melodic intonation; definition of internal, external and immanent, extramusical nature of the phenomenon; establishing its degree of semantic activity. Results. Varieties of unlocked structures are systematized: with system-logical parameters – functionally, subsystemically and modulation unlocked structures; with phonic parameters – dissonance and consonance unlocked structures; with causal parameters – potentially and principally unlocked structures. External or extramusical and internal, immanent-harmonic motivations of their forming are identified. Among the external factors of unlocking are articulated: the impact of the poetic word as the source of empathy; irreversible course of imaginative mutations; retention of states innuendo, incompleteness, undecidability, anxiety, confusion, fear; semantic marks of question, surprise, regret. The gap of functional balance in the phase of clotting of harmonic integrity is seen as a reaction to the motion of meaning. Among the internal factors the unlocking are highlighted: density and irreversibility of modulation streams; phenomena of modal variability; the impact of modal experience of regulation of harmonic processes; the power of cyclic unity; inner aspiration to an open form as allusion of infinity. Functional inversion, and the special status of the tonal system with reduced centripetal potential (Y. Holopov) are listed as an important incentive of the unlocking. The phenomenon of the unlocking as a principle (the mechanism) the organization of text units of harmony is investigated in conjunction with the semantic field of piece, music tokens, artistic word and meaning. Factors of the displacement of semantic connotations fixing of keywords, semantics of "migratory genre and intonation formulas" (L. Shaimukhametova) during the formation of the vertical layers of music are considered. Three positions based on analysis of the works of R. Schumann, F. Liszt, G. Mahler, P. Tchaikovsky, M. Mussorgsky, illustrating the semantic nature of the harmonic disjunction are allocated. Position 1: harmony as meaning generator. It acts at the level of the formation of intonation and harmonic tokens – pitch compacted units of musical sense, elements of particular musical semantics. It forms a zone of high concentration of semantic elements in a vertical cut of music. It is fixed in vocal miniatures: R. Schumann’s «Im wunderschonen Monat Mai», F. Liszt’s «Verlassen», M. Mussorgsky‘s «Orphan». Position 2: harmony as a regulator of meaning. It acts at the level of the changes of emotional amplitudes. It provides strength and depth of emotional impulse. It revealed in F. Liszt’s romances and songs: «J’ai perdu ma force et ma vie», «Sonetto XC», «La?t mich ruhen», «Was Liebe sei?», «Einst». Position 3: harmony as a modulator of meaning. It affects to the level of tonal drama, transformation of semantic field of piece. It transforms the track of pitch content irreversibly. It appears in the case of a harmonic unlocking of the modulating type, wich running contrary to the idea of rounding tone frame. It shifts whole pitch platform of musical piece under the combined influence of intonation, word, number of plot and drama of movement of meanings. It forms in vocal works: F. Liszt’s «Gebet», P. Tchaikovsky’s «We were sitting with you», M. Mussorgsky’s «General», G. Mahler «Erinnerung».

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

EDUKASI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Karianga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Sources of revenue and expenditure of APBD (regional budget) can be allocated to finance the compulsory affairs and optional affairs in the form of programs and activities related to the improvement of public services, job creation, poverty alleviation, improvement of environmental quality, and regional economic growth. The implications of these policies is the need for funds to finance the implementation of the functions, that have become regional authority, is also increasing. In practice, regional financial management still poses a complicated issue because the regional head are reluctant to release pro-people regional budget policy, even implication of regional autonomy is likely to give birth to little kings in region causing losses to state finance and most end up in legal proceedings. This paper discusses the loss of state finance and forms of liability for losses to the state finance. The result of the study can be concluded firstly,  there are still many differences in giving meaning and definition of the loss of state finace and no standard definition of state losses, can cause difficulties. The difficulty there is in an effort to determine the amount of the state finance losses. The calculation of state/regions losses that occur today is simply assessing the suitability of the size of the budget and expenditure without considering profits earned by the community and the impact of the use of budget to the community. Secondly, the liability for losses to the state finance is the fulfillment of the consequences for a person to give or to do something in the regional financial management by giving birth to three forms of liability, namely the Criminal liability, Civil liability, and Administrative liability.Keywords: state finance losses, liability, regional finance.

Principles of economic security management of institutions of higher education

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Nataliia Tsymbalenko
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

The subject of research-theoretical concepts of economic security managementof universities. The purpose of the article. The study of the essence of the economicsecurity management system of the university and the definition of its main tasks,the formulation of principles of economic security management of the university.Methodology. The dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, methodsof structural-logical and semantic analysis were used to study and summarizescientific papers on the research topic. The results of the work. The essence of theuniversity’s economic security management system has been reviewed. The maintasks of the control system have been identified. A definition of the university’seconomic security system has been proposed. Principles of management of economicsecurity of the university have been formulated. These are: scientific andorganizational and social principles. Conclusions. The proposed principles allow totake into account the economic role and social mission of universities in managingeconomic security.

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs Through Microfinance - A Case of Rural Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Saida Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Women’s empowerment has been at the centre of research focus for many decades. Extant literature examined the process, outcome and various challenges. Some claimed substantial success, while others contradicted with evidence of failure. But the success remains a matter of debate due to lack of empirical evidence of actual empowerment of women around the world. The current study aimed to address this gap by taking a case study method. The study critically evaluates 20 cases carefully sampled to include representatives from the entire country of Bangladesh. The study demonstrates popular beliefs about microfinance often misguide even the borrowers and they start living in a fabricated feeling of empowerment, facing real challenges to achieve true empowerment in their lives. The impact of this finding is twofold; firstly there is a theoretical contribution, where the definition of women’s empowerment is proposed to be revisited considering findings from these cases. And lastly, the policy makers at governmental and non-governmental organisations, and multinational donor agencies need to revise their assessment tools for funding.

Chemical Composition and Metal Speciation in Porewaters from the Upper Qu’Appelle River Basin, Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Farrell ◽  
Jae E. Yang ◽  
P. Ming Huang ◽  
Wen K. Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Carbonate Equilibria ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Porewater samples from the upper Qu’Appelle River basin in Saskatchewan, Canada, were analyzed to obtain metal, inorganic ligand and amino add profiles. These data were used to compute the aqueous speciation of the metals in each porewater using the computer program GEOCHEM-PC. The porewaters were classified as slightly to moderately saline. Metal concentrations reflected both the geology of the drainage basin and the impact of anthropogenic activities. Whereas K and Na were present almost entirely as the free aquo ions, carbonate equilibria dominated the speciation of Ca. Mg and Mn (the predominant metal ligand species were of the type MCO3 (s). MCO30. and MHCO3+). Trace metal concentrations were generally within the ranges reported for non-polluted freshwater systems. Whereas the speciation of the trace metals Cr(III) and Co(II) was dominated by carbonate equilibria, Hg(II)-, Zn(II)- and Fe(II)-speciation was dominated by hydroxy-metal complexes of the type M(OH)+ and M(OH)2°. The speciation of Fe(III) was dominated by Fe(OH)3 (s). In porewaters with high chloride concentrations (> 2 mM), however, significant amounts of Hg(II) were bound as HgCl20 and HgClOH0. The aqueous speciation of Al was dominated by Al(OH)4− and Al2Si2O4(OH)6 (s). Total concentrations of dissolved free amino acids varied from 15.21 to 25.17 umole L−1. The most important metal scavenging amino acids were histidine (due to high stability constants for the metal-histidine complexes) and tryptophan (due to its relatively high concentration in the porewaters. i.e., 5.96 to 7.73 umole L−1). Secondary concentrations of various trace metal-amino add complexes were computed for all the porewaters, but metal-amino acid complexes dominated the speciation of Cu(II) in all the porewaters and Ni(II) in two of the porewaters.

Defining Preterm Birth and Stillbirth in the Western Pacific: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110260
Author(s):  
Mairead Connolly ◽  
Laura Phung ◽  
Elise Farrington ◽  
Michelle J. L. Scoullar ◽  
Alyce N. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Preterm birth and stillbirth are important global perinatal health indicators. Definitions of these indicators can differ between countries, affecting comparability of preterm birth and stillbirth rates across countries. This study aimed to document national-level adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of preterm birth and stillbirth in the WHO Western Pacific region. A systematic search of government health websites and 4 electronic databases was conducted. Any official report or published study describing the national definition of preterm birth or stillbirth published between 2000 and 2020 was eligible for inclusion. A total of 58 data sources from 21 countries were identified. There was considerable variation in how preterm birth and stillbirth was defined across the region. The most frequently used lower gestational age threshold for viability of preterm birth was 28 weeks gestation (range 20-28 weeks), and stillbirth was most frequently classified from 20 weeks gestation (range 12-28 weeks). High-income countries more frequently used earlier gestational ages for preterm birth and stillbirth compared with low- to middle-income countries. The findings highlight the importance of clear, standardized, internationally comparable definitions for perinatal indicators. Further research is needed to determine the impact on regional preterm birth and stillbirth rates.

scholarly journals Postharvest Burning of Crop Residues in Home Stoves in a Rural Site of Daejeon, Korea: Its Impact to Atmospheric Carbonaceous Aerosol

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jin Sang Jung ◽  
Ji Hwan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of burning postharvest crop residues in home stoves, PM2.5 samples (particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm) were collected every 3 h at a rural site in Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season in 2014. A high concentration of levoglucosan was observed with a peak value of 3.8 µg/m3 during the sampling period. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.18) at the rural site during a severe BB episode (levoglucosan > 1 μg/m3) was similar to burnings of pepper stems (0.19) and bean stems (0.18) whereas the average OC/levoglucosan ratio (9.9) was similar to burning of pepper stems (10.0), implying that the severe BB episode was mainly attributed to burning of pepper stems. A very strong correlation was observed between levoglucosan and organic carbon (OC) (R2 = 0.81) during the entire sampling period, suggesting that the emission of organic aerosols at the rural site was strongly associated with the burning of crop residues in home stoves. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.17 ± 0.06) in the rural area was similar to that in a nearby urban area in Daejeon (0.16 ± 0.04). It was concluded that crop residue burning in a home stove for space heating is one of the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols not only in a rural area but also in the urban area of Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season.

Value assessment of antimicrobials and the implications for development, access, and funding of effective treatments: Australian stakeholder perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nadine T. Hillock ◽  
Tracy L. Merlin ◽  
Jonathan Karnon ◽  
John Turnidge ◽  
Jaklin Eliott
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Background The frameworks used by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies for value assessment of medicines aim to optimize healthcare resource allocation. However, they may not be effective at capturing the value of antimicrobial drugs. Objectives To analyze stakeholder perceptions regarding how antimicrobials are assessed for value for reimbursement purposes and how the Australian HTA framework accommodates the unique attributes of antimicrobials in cost-effectiveness evaluation. Methods Eighteen individuals representing the pharmaceutical industry or policy-makers were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and thematically analyzed. Results Key emergent themes were that reimbursement decision-making should consider the antibiotic spectrum when assessing value, risk of shortages, the impact of procurement processes on low-priced comparators, and the need for methodological transparency when antimicrobials are incorporated into the economic evaluation of other treatments. Conclusions Participants agreed that the current HTA framework for antimicrobial value assessment is inadequate to properly inform funding decisions, as the contemporary definition of cost-effectiveness fails to explicitly incorporate the risk of future resistance. Policy-makers were uncertain about how to incorporate future resistance into economic evaluations without a systematic method to capture costs avoided due to good stewardship. Lacking financial reward for the benefits of narrower-spectrum antimicrobials, companies will likely focus on developing broad-spectrum agents with wider potential use. The perceived risks of shortages have influenced the funding of generic antimicrobials in Australia, with policy-makers suggesting a willingness to pay more for assured supply. Although antibiotics often underpin the effectiveness of other medicines, it is unclear how this is incorporated into economic models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document