IMAGING CHARACTERISTIS OF MDCT IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

Objectives: Imaging characteristis of MDCT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Subject and methods: Cross- sectional study in 51patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma by MDCT at Danang Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to July 2014. Results: The findings reveal that the tumor in lateral wall (66.7%), diameter > 2cm (64.7%), hypodensity (98%), contrast- enhanced CT (62.7%). Blunting of fossa of Rosenmuller (96.1%), invasion of parapharyngeal space (62.7%), destruction of pterygoid bone (19.6%), invasion of skull base (17.6%), destruction of sphenoid bone (9.8%). Lymph nodes metastasis (96.1%), diameter (> 1- 3cm) is 58.8%. T-staging by CT showed T1 (35.3%), T2 (37.3%), T3 (17.6%) and T4 (9.8%). N- staging by CT showed N2 (66.7%), N3a- N3b (19.6%). Staging of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: stage II-III (60.8%), stage IVA-IVB (23.5%) and stage IVC (11.8%). Conclusions: MDCT with a thinner slice thickness and high quality images is able to detect lymph nodes metastasis with small size and those in deep neck area and assess comprehensively the invasion of the tumor. Key words: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, MDCT

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Multi-factorial considerations for intra-thoracic lymph node evaluations of healthy cats on computed tomographic images

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02771-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ninlawan Thammasiri ◽

Chutimon Thanaboonnipat ◽

Nan Choisunirachon ◽

Damri Darawiroj

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Ct Images ◽

Slice Thickness ◽

Maximum Width ◽

Post Contrast ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Enhanced Ct

Abstract Background It is difficult to examine mild to moderate feline intra-thoracic lymphadenopathy via and thoracic radiography. Despite previous information from computed tomographic (CT) images of intra-thoracic lymph nodes, some factors from animals and CT setting were less elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of internal factors from animals and external factors from the CT procedure on the feasibility to detect the intra-thoracic lymph nodes. Twenty-four, client-owned, clinically healthy cats were categorized into three groups according to age. They underwent pre- and post-contrast enhanced CT for whole thorax followed by inter-group evaluation and comparison of sternal, cranial mediastinal, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Results Post contrast-enhanced CT appearances revealed that intra-thoracic lymph nodes of kittens were invisible, whereas the sternal, cranial mediastinal, and tracheobronchial nodes of cats aged over 7 months old were detected (6/24, 9/24 and 7/24, respectively). Maximum width of these lymph nodes were 3.93 ± 0.74 mm, 4.02 ± 0.65 mm, and 3.51 ± 0.62 mm, respectively. By age, lymph node sizes of these cats were not significantly different. Transverse lymph node width of males was larger than that of females (P = 0.0425). Besides, the detection score of lymph nodes was affected by slice thickness (P < 0.01) and lymph node width (P = 0.0049). Furthermore, an irregular, soft tissue structure, possibly the thymus, was detected in all juvenile cats and three mature cats. Conclusions Despite additional information on intra-thoracic lymph nodes in CT images, which can be used to investigate lymphatic-related abnormalities, age, sex, and slice thickness of CT images must be also considered.

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Assessment Of Third Ventricular Parameters in Computed Tomography of Head: A Pilot Study in Tertiary Level Hospital

Journal of Institute of Medicine ◽

10.3126/jiom.v42i3.37594 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 82-86

Author(s):

Umesh P Khanal ◽

Keshav Sah ◽

Ram B Chand

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Upper Limits ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Enhanced Ct

Introduction Measurement of ventricles of the brain is important for evaluating changes due to growth, ageing, intrinsic and extrinsic pathologies. The aim of this study was to determine the various parameters of the third ventricle and to assess their association with gender and age using computed tomography (CT) scans of head. MethodsThis retrospective, quantitative, cross sectional study was performed in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from July to October 2019 (4 months) on images of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) whose age group were 18-87 years, who underwent non-contrast and contrast enhanced CT scan of head. ResultsThe total mean of width of third ventricle was found to be 0.33±0.09 cm, 0.35±0.10 cm in male and 0.31±0.06 cm in female. Third ventricle width (TVW) showed statistically significant correlation with male and also with Age. Mean of third ventricle sylvian fissure distance index was 0.41±0.67 cm, 0.42±0.65 cm in male and 0.39±0.06 cm in female respectively. Mean of third ventricle ratio was 0.03±0.09 cm, 0.03±0.09 cm in male and 0.02±0.09 in female respectively. The value were slightly higher in male. ConclusionThe third ventricle width in CT in this study was 0.33±0.09 cm. CT was very useful to determine the upper limits of normal value and its variation with age.

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Identifying communication-related predictors of patient satisfaction in a briefing prior to contrast-enhanced computed tomography

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1186/s13244-019-0778-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Valentina Scholz ◽

Sandra Lange ◽

Britta Rosenberg ◽

Marie-Luise Kromrey ◽

Annika Syperek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patients Satisfaction ◽

Physician Characteristics ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Enhanced Ct

Abstract Background This study aimed to prospectively investigate patients’ satisfaction with briefings before computed tomography (CT) examinations, determine feasibility, and identify factors influencing patient satisfaction independent of patient and physician characteristics. Methods One hundred sixty patients received information by a radiologist prior to contrast-enhanced CT examinations in an open, prospective, two-center, cross-sectional study (including the introduction of the radiologist, procedure, radiation exposure, possible side effects, and alternatives). Afterwards, patients and radiologists evaluated the briefing using a standardized questionnaire. Additionally, factors such as age, socioeconomic status, inpatient/outpatient status, length of the radiologist’s professional experience, duration of the briefing, clarity of the radiologist’s explanations as perceived by patients, and the duration of communication were obtained in this questionnaire. Subsequently, three classes of influencing factors were defined and entered stepwise into a hierarchical regression. Results Patient satisfaction ratings differed significantly by type of hospitalization, perceived type of communication, and patient gender. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that perceived clarity was the strongest predictor of patients’ satisfaction when controlling for the patient and physician characteristics. Conclusions Patients appeared to be satisfied with the briefing prior to CT examination. The mean briefing time (2 min 35 s) seemed feasible. Patients’ demographics influenced satisfaction. To improve patients’ satisfaction with briefings before contrast-enhanced CT, radiologists should aim to clarify their communication.

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A QUANTITATIVE, CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO MEASURE AORTA SACRAL PROMONTORY DISTANCE AMONG FEMALES REFERRED FOR CONTRAST ENHANCED CT ABDOMEN

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i1.1709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hit Narayan Prasad ◽

Swati Sinha

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sacral Colpopexy ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Sacral Promontory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Enhanced Ct ◽

Significant Change

Aim: This study was carried out to measure the aorta sacral promontory distance among the females referred for contrast enhanced CT abdomen in a tertiary hospital. Material and methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India from December 2019 to October 2020.Total of 140 patients who underwent Contrast Enhanced CT abdomen. The age, height and weight of the patients were noted. In this study, aorta sacral promontory distance was determined. Results: The mean age was found to be 51.37 years, mean APT distance 4.61±0.80 cm and mean BMI 24.88. Increased in age was correlated with decrease in APT distance but there was no correlation between BMI and APT distance. According to this study, APT distance was decreased in elderly female patients but no significant change in BMI and APT. Conclusion: we conclude that the age increased, APT distance decreased and there was no significant change in relation to BMI. Therefore, during sacral colpopexy, the surgeon should be careful and consider the aorta sacral promontory distance in the elder female patients while performing dissection. Keywords: aorta sacral promontory distance, pelvic organ prolapse, sacral colpopexy.

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Distribution and Characteristics of Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy in TB/HIV Co-Infection

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526518666181016111142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 414-420

Author(s):

Payam Mehrian ◽

Abtin Doroudinia ◽

Moghadaseh Shams ◽

Niloufar Alizadeh

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Short Axis ◽

Mediastinal Lymph Nodes ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hilar Adenopathy ◽

The Right ◽

Pulmonary Abnormalities

Background: Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy (ITLN) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients may have various etiologies and prognoses. Etiologies of ITLN can be distinguished based on the distribution of enlarged lymph nodes. Sometimes tuberculosis (TB) is the first sign of underlying HIV infection. Objective: We sought to determine ITLN distribution and associated pulmonary findings in TB/HIV co-infection using Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Methods: In this retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study, chest CT scans of 52 patients with TB/HIV co-infection were assessed for enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes (>10 mm in short axis diameter), lymphadenopathy (LAP) distribution, calcification, conglomeration, the presence of hypodense center and associated pulmonary abnormalities. LAP distribution was compared in TB/HIV co-infection with isolated TB infection. Results: Mediastinal and/or hilar LAP were seen in 53.8% of TB/HIV co-infection patients. In all cases, LAP was multinational. The most frequent stations were right lower paratracheal and subcarinal stations. Lymph node conglomeration, hypodense center and calcification were noted in 25%, 21.4% and 3.5% of patients, respectively. LAP distribution was the same as that in patients with isolated TB infection except for the right hilar, right upper paratracheal and prevascular stations. All patients with mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Conclusion: All patients with TB/HIV co-infection and mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Superior mediastinal lymph nodes were less commonly affected in TB/HIV co-infection than isolated TB.

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A year of hepatocellular carcinoma at a glance. Demographics, biochemical and radiological characteristics and treatment modalities from a specialized facility of Pakistan

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.826 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Laima Alam

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Tumour Staging ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Team Meetings ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ct

Objectives:Relation of demographics of hepatocellular-carcinoma with the aetiology.Tumour characteristics in relation to anti-viral therapy and presence of viral-DNA/RNATreatment modalities offeredMethods: This cross-sectional study enrolled all the patients aged 18-70 years with diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma either through Triphasic Contrast-Enhanced-CT scan and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging or biopsy presenting to the Outpatient-Department or multi-disciplinary-team meetings for the year 2019. Demographic variables, biochemical analysis including liver profile and stage of cirrhosis, viral-status, tumour staging and the treatment modalities offered were all noted. ANOVA (normal) and Kruskal-Wallis (non-normal) tests were used to compare quantitative data whereas chi-square-test and fisher-exact-test were used to compare qualitative-data.Results: Out of 195 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 76% were males in their fifth to sixth decades of life, 96% had cirrhosis, 94% corresponded to viral hepatocellular-carcinoma (82% Hepatitis-C-Virus, 9% Hepatitis-B-Virus and 3% coinfection), 60% of the cirrhotics landed in Child-Pugh A category with tumour staging BCLC-B being the predominant one (43.6%) and single and multiple bilateral nodules were the commonest lesions encountered. Platelets and Alanine-Transaminase had a significant relation across aetiological groups. Lymph-nodes were the most common extra-hepatic organs for metastasis and the presence of viral PCR had a significant impact on the tumour aggressiveness. Thirty-two percent of the patients were amenable to curative treatment.Conclusion: Viral infection is the main cause of rising prevalence of this tumour in Pakistan. Treatment modalities are expensive and expertise are lacking. A nationwide cancer registry is required for the exact disease burden and tumour behaviour for our population. Continuous....

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Ultrasound and CT imaging features in a patient with salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland: a case report with literature review.

Medical Ultrasonography ◽

10.11152/mu.2013.2066.171.dif ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Diana Ioana Fenesan ◽

Manuela Lenghel ◽

Grigore Baciut ◽

Sergiu Vacaras ◽

Carolina Botar-Jid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parotid Gland ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

Salivary Duct Carcinoma ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Salivary Duct ◽

Duct Carcinoma ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Mass Expansion

The aim of this paper was to present the ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) appearance of a patient with salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland. US showed a voluminous mass of the parotid gland, with multiple calcifications. Furthermore, it revealed regional multiple lymph nodes with malignant characters. Sonoelastography of the lesion and lymph nodes detected increased rigidity. Contrast enhanced CT scan of the neck completed the data description regarding the mass expansion and invasion of surrounding tissues. US and CT imaging features played a key role in establishing the malignant character of the mass and lymph nodes.

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Histomorphometric Study of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Different Age Groups

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3400633 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 08 (04) ◽

pp. 136-141

Author(s):

Kafeel Hussain A. ◽

Shaweez Fathima S. ◽

V. Sathialakshmi

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Germinal Centers ◽

Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Axillary Lymph ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related

Abstract Background Although some age-related changes in lymph node histoarchitecture have been described, they are seldom taken into account in traditional depictions of lymph nodes. Recently introduced clinical procedures, such as intranodal vaccinations have demonstrated the need for an accurate knowledge of the degenerative processes of lymph nodes. It is thus deemed necessary to obtain a detailed insight into anatomical changes within the lymph node throughout life as age-related degeneration can have a strong impact on the outcome of these new therapeutic strategies. Aim To study the size and shape of the lymph nodes and to establish the age-dependent histoarchitectural changes in the lymph nodes in different age groups. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 35 axillary lymph nodes. The adult axillary group of lymph nodes were from subjects aged between 18 and 70 years. The fetal lymph nodes were collected from 8 stillborn fetuses between 37 and 42 weeks. Thickness of the cortex and diameter of the germinal centers were measured using ocular and stage micrometer. Results None of the fetal lymphocytic follicles showed evidence of a prominent germinal center. The germinal centers of young adults were not only more numerous but also larger in size when compared with the old. An age-related involution of the paracortical region was witnessed in the axillary lymph nodes. No evidence of lipomatous atrophy was encountered in any of the fetal lymph nodes. Interesting evidence of it was encountered in younger age groups. However, this was the most prominent feature in the older groups.

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Magnetic resonance imaging compared to ultrasonography in giant cell arteritis: a cross-sectional study

Arthritis Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13075-020-02335-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ashley Yip ◽

Elizabeth Torrey Jernberg ◽

Mohammad Bardi ◽

Julia Geiger ◽

Frode Lohne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Giant Cell Arteritis ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vascular Changes ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

First Line ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background There has been a shift in recent years to using ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as first-line investigations for suspected cranial large vessel vasculitis (LVV) and is a new recommendation by the EULAR 2018 guidelines for imaging in LVV. This cross-sectional study compares the performance of US and MRI and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for detecting vasculitis in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods Patients with new-onset or already diagnosed GCA were recruited. The common temporal arteries and supra-aortic large vessels were evaluated by US and MRI/MRA. Blinded experts read the images and applied a dichotomous score (vasculitis: yes/no) in each vessel. Results Thirty-seven patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) were recruited. Two patients were excluded. Of the remaining patients, nine had new-onset disease and 26 had established disease. Mean age was 71 years, and median C-reactive protein (CRP) was 7.5 mg/L. The median time between US and MRI was 1 day. Overall, US revealed vasculitic changes more frequently than MRI (p < 0.001). US detected vascular changes in 37% of vessels compared to 21% with MRI. Among patients with chronic disease, US detected vascular changes in 23% of vessels compared to 7% with MRI in (p < 0.001). The same was true for patients with new-onset disease. US detected vasculitic changes in 22% of vessels and MRI detected disease in 6% (p = 0.0004). Compared to contrast-enhanced MRA, US was more sensitive in detecting vasculitic changes in the large arteries, including the axillary, carotid, and subclavian arteries. Conclusion US more frequently detects vasculitic changes in the large arteries compared to contrast-enhanced MRA. When evaluating the cranial vessels, US performs similarly to MRI. This data supports the recommendation that US be considered as a first-line evaluation in patients suspected to have GCA.

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