A year of hepatocellular carcinoma at a glance. Demographics, biochemical and radiological characteristics and treatment modalities from a specialized facility of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Laima Alam
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Tumour Staging ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Team Meetings ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct

Objectives:Relation of demographics of hepatocellular-carcinoma with the aetiology.Tumour characteristics in relation to anti-viral therapy and presence of viral-DNA/RNATreatment modalities offeredMethods: This cross-sectional study enrolled all the patients aged 18-70 years with diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma either through Triphasic Contrast-Enhanced-CT scan and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging or biopsy presenting to the Outpatient-Department or multi-disciplinary-team meetings for the year 2019. Demographic variables, biochemical analysis including liver profile and stage of cirrhosis, viral-status, tumour staging and the treatment modalities offered were all noted. ANOVA (normal) and Kruskal-Wallis (non-normal) tests were used to compare quantitative data whereas chi-square-test and fisher-exact-test were used to compare qualitative-data.Results: Out of 195 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 76% were males in their fifth to sixth decades of life, 96% had cirrhosis, 94% corresponded to viral hepatocellular-carcinoma (82% Hepatitis-C-Virus, 9% Hepatitis-B-Virus and 3% coinfection), 60% of the cirrhotics landed in Child-Pugh A category with tumour staging BCLC-B being the predominant one (43.6%) and single and multiple bilateral nodules were the commonest lesions encountered. Platelets and Alanine-Transaminase had a significant relation across aetiological groups. Lymph-nodes were the most common extra-hepatic organs for metastasis and the presence of viral PCR had a significant impact on the tumour aggressiveness. Thirty-two percent of the patients were amenable to curative treatment.Conclusion: Viral infection is the main cause of rising prevalence of this tumour in Pakistan. Treatment modalities are expensive and expertise are lacking. A nationwide cancer registry is required for the exact disease burden and tumour behaviour for our population. Continuous....

scholarly journals Sero-Surveillance of Brucellosis in Cattle of Chitwan District, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Sabita Subedi ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
Bhojan Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Social Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control

A cross sectional study was conducted in Eastern and Western parts of Chitwan district from November 2015 to April, 2016  in two parts, the social study followed by biological to determine and compare the prevalence, distribution of antibodies, and level of awareness of farmers  against Brucella abortus in cattle of the two regions of same district. Altogether blood samples of 92 cattle were taken for detection of Brucella antibodies by using RBPT test and the positive samples were further retested by Indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. The samples which showed positive on both tests were confirmed as seropositive. Chi -square test and Fisher Exact test was used to find out the association between various variables. The result showed that 14.13% (13/92) and 10.86% (10/92) sample were positive by RBPT and iELISA test respectively. There was no significant prevalence differences (p>0.05) on location, age group, breed type, and method of service (artificial and natural) used in cattle. Comparing abortion with prevalence of Brucellosis, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the result of both RBPT and iELISA test. Inferring from this result, there is association between the abortion and occurrence of Brucellosis. The higher significant prevalence differences (p<0.01) was according to the time of abortion where higher seropositivity was obtained in the cattle aborted on 5-7th month of pregnancy and cattle of 3rd parity. The study showed the existence of Brucellosis in Chitwan district with no adoption of any preventive measures against this disease, so here is current need of the strategies for its prevention and control in order to mitigate such overwhelming situation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 365-371

scholarly journals Knowledge of pregnant women about anemia is related with adherence to iron tablets

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Baksono Winardi ◽  
Elga Caecaria Grahardika Andani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Almost All

Objectives: to identify association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and the adherence to consume iron tablets in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, IndonesiaMaterials and Methods: Observational analysis cross sectional study. Population consisted of 55 trimester pregnant women in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, in March-April 2017. Samples were recruited using consecutive sampling. The number of sample was 35 respondents. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.Results: This research showed that all of the less knowledgeable women on anemia (100.00%) were non-adherent to consume iron tablets, almost all moderately knowledgeable women (92.9%) were adherent, and all of the fully knowledgeable women (100.00%) were adherent. Fisher exact test in significance level of 0.05 revealed p value equal to 0.0001, indicating association between knowledge about anemia and adherence to consume iron tablets at BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, Indonesia.Conclusion: There is an association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia with adherence to iron tablets.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA LAKI-LAKI DI DESA BEKKU KECAMATAN AWANGPONE KABUPATEN BONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 898-903
Author(s):  
Ruslang Ruslang ◽  
Nirmawati Darwis ◽  
Tetti Surianti ◽  
Riki Rusanda
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The prevalence of hypertension increases in line with the lifestyle of elderly men that harm their own health, namely smoking which without them knowing it can cause hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking habits and the incidence of hypertension in elderly men in Bekku Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking habits and the incidence of hypertension. This type of research is quantitative research with a Cross Sectional Study approach. Data were collected through a questionnaire given to each respondent. The analysis test used a computer program, namely SPSS 21 to assess the frequency statistical data and the Chi-Square test on the bivariate variable obtained the Fisher exact test value, on the smoking habit variable the value of = 0.01 < 0.05, so it can be stated that there is a relationship between Smoking Habits with Hypertension Incidence in Elderly Males in Bekku Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency. The researcher's suggestion is for elderly men in Bekku Village to reduce their smoking habits so that their hypertension does not continue. Keywords : Hypertension, Smoking, Elderly Male ABSTRAK Prevalensi hipertensi meingkat sejalan dengan gaya hidup lanjut usia laki-laki yang merugikan kesehatan mereka sendiri yakni kebiasaan merokok yang tanpa mereka sadari dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lanjut Usia Laki-Laki Di Desa Bekku Kecamatan Awangpone Kabupaten Bone. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada masing-masing responden. Uji analisis menggunakan program komputer yaitu SPSS 21 untuk menilai data statistik frekuensi dan uji Chi-Square pada pada variabel bivariat diperoleh nilai fisher exact test, pada variabel kebiasaan merokok diperoleh nilai ρ=0,01< α=0,05, sehingga dapat dinyatakan ada hubungan antara Kebiasaan Merokok Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lanjut Usia Laki-Laki Di Desa Bekku Kecamatan Awangpone Kabupaten Bone. Adapun saran peniliti yaitu bagi para lanjut usia laki-laki di desa bekku agar kebiasaan merokoknya dikurangi agar penyakit hipertensi yang dideritanya tidak terus berlanjut. Kata Kunci : Hipertensi, Merokok, Lanjut Usia Laki- Laki

scholarly journals A National Survey to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Beliefs, Acceptability, Preference, and Willingness to Pay among the General Population of Pakistan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Muhammad Subhan Arshad ◽  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Khezar Hayat ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Participants

The current study aims to assess the beliefs of the general public in Pakistan towards conspiracy theories, acceptance, willingness to pay, and preference for the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire during January 2021. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was utilized for statistical data analysis. A total of 2158 respondents completed the questionnaire, among them 1192 (55.2%) were male with 23.87 (SD: ±6.23) years as mean age. The conspiracy beliefs circulating regarding the COVID-19 vaccine were believed by 9.3% to 28.4% of the study participants. Among them, 1040 (48.2%) agreed to vaccinate on its availability while 934 (43.3%) reported the Chinese vaccine as their preference. The conspiracy beliefs of the participants were significantly associated with acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The existence of conspiracy beliefs and low vaccine acceptance among the general population is a serious threat to successful COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals CYTOCHROME P450 CYP1B1*2 GENE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH T2D IN TABUK POPULATION, NORTHWESTERN REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Imadeldin Elfaki ◽  
Fahad M Almutairi ◽  
Rashid Mir ◽  
Roaid Khan ◽  
Faisel Abu-duhier
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Northwestern Region

Objective: Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is involved in the activation of procarcinogens and steroid metabolism. Genetic variants of CYP1B1are associated with altered catalytic activity and disease phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CYP1B1 (rs1056827) polymorphism in inducing T2D.Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 113 subjects of T2D and 120 controls. DNA was isolated from blood. Genotyping of the rs1056827 wasdone by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of alleles and genotype distribution was compared in T2D cases and healthy controls.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS, Chi-square, and Fisher exact test. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested by a χ2 test. The associations between rs1056827 variant genotypes and T2D were estimated by computing the odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: A significant association of rs1056827 was found between T2D cases and controls (p<0.0001). When GG genotype was compared with GT genotype a significant association was found with odd ration (OD)0.24 (95% CI: (0.131–0.452) and risk ratio (RR) 0.45 (0.30–0.67) times the risk of T2D heterozygous with the G/T allele (p≤0.0002). In a comparison of GG homozygous with the TT homozygous, there was no significant association with the OD 0.38 (95% CI: (0.02–6.51) RR 0.55(0.13–2.35), p<0.49. When G allele was compared with the T allele a highly significant association with OD 0.54 (95% [CI]: (0.37–0.80) RR 0.75(0.630–0.897) < p≤0.003 suggesting a possible dominant effect of this polymorphism on T2D risk.Conclusion: This result suggests a significant association between rs1056827G>T polymorphism and T2D. This finding is limited due to the smaller sample size and can be validated by large sample size studies.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN GIGI TIRUAN PENUH DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA LANSIA DI DESA TONRONG RIJANG KECAMATAN BARANTI KABUPATEN SIDRAP

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Rusnaeni Rusnaeni ◽  
Muhammad Azikin ◽  
Fitriani Umar
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Salah satu perubahan secara biologis dapat mempengaruhi status gizi pada masa tua yaitu banyaknya gigi geligi yang sudah tanggal. Mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi mengunyah yang berdampak pada kurangnya asupan gizi pada usia lanjut, untuk memperbaiki mastikasi pengunyahaan maka lansia kebanyakn menggunaka gigi tiruan penuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaan gigi tiruan penuh dengan status gizi pada lansia di Desa Tonrong Rijang Kecamatan Baranti Kabupaten Sidrap.Jenis penelitian ini observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Populasi yaitu seluruh lansia yang tinggal menetap di Desa Tonrong Rijang, Pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 54 orang diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji chi-square dan fisher exact test. dan  ditolak jika nilai  p< 0,05.Hasil penelitian diperoleh tidak ada hubungan penggunaan gigi tiruan penuh dengan asupan energi (p = 0,133) dan status gizi (p = 0,05), Serta ada hubungan signifikan asupan energi dengan status gizi (p = 0,000). Diharapkan kepada lansia untuk terus mempertahakan asupan  energinya guna menigkatkan status gizi lansia untuk menunjang masa tuanya untuk hidup secara mandiri baik itu pengguna gigi tiruan penuh maupun yang tidak.

Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif terhadap Pertumbuhan Bayi 6 – 11 Bulan di Puskesmas Girimaya Pangkalpinang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Ade Devriany ◽  
Endah Mayang Sari
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Health Organization

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan alamiah yang ideal untuk bayi, terutama pada bulan-bulan pertama. Berdasarkan data dari United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) dan WHO (World Health Organization), pemberian ASI eksklusif di dunia masih tergolong rendah. Tujuan penelitian yait untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap grafik pertumbuhan pada KMS pada bayi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional study. Subyek penelitian ini adalah seluruh bayi usia 6 – 11 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Girimaya Pangkalpinang sebanyak 172 orang. Sampel minimal pada penelitian ini adalah 105 bayi yang dipilih dengan Stratified Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan KMS dalam menilai pertumbuhan bayi dan kuesioner untuk menilai pemberian ASI eksklusif. Analisa data dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan fisher exact test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih banyak bayi yang tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif yaitu sebesar 59% dan bayi yang tumbuh normal sebesar 78,1%. Hasil analisis bivariat menyatakan ada hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif  terhadap pertumbuhan bayi usia 6-12 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Girimaya

scholarly journals Postharvest Storage Practices of Maize in Rift Valley and Lower Eastern Regions of Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Koskei ◽  
Christine C. Bii ◽  
Protus Musotsi ◽  
Simon Muturi Karanja
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Postharvest Losses ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Local Farmers

An assessment of local farmers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on postharvest maize storage and management was carried out with a view of understanding its role in maize contamination with mycotoxins and postharvest losses in Rift Valley and Lower Eastern Regions of Kenya among 165 and 149 farmers, respectively. Differences between the two regions were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and two-sample t-test. The median quantity of maize harvested by farmers in the two regions after shelling was 585 kg. A median of 20 kg of maize was put aside as a result of rotting before shelling, and there was a significant mean difference in maize set aside as a result of rotting between the two regions (107.88 kg vs. 31.96 kg; t (306.25) = 5.707, P value <0.001). The quantity of discoloured and mouldy maize consumed ranged from 0 to 90 kg; 7 (2.2%) respondents consumed mouldy maize, 36 (11.5%) fed it to cows, and 19 (6.1%) fed it to poultry. A small percentage (3.5%) believed mouldy maize is safe for human consumption, 23.6% for animal consumption, while 15.0% considered it safe for brewing, with the differences between the two regions being statistically significant (P value <0.05). Nearly half of the respondents (48.4%) kept maize on cobs indoors, 47.1% left it in the field without covering, and 33.1% consumed and sold maize while still green, with more farmers from Lower Eastern practicing this. The results of the study suggest that there were poor postharvest practices and low awareness levels among maize farmers and that this can lead to postharvest losses due to Fusarium spp. infection and mycotoxin contamination that poses a threat to human and animal food safety. This calls for interventions on better postharvest practices.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among Nepalese residents during the COVID-19 outbreak: An online cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachina Paudel ◽  
Prabin Shrestha ◽  
Isha Karmacharya ◽  
Om Krishna Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Education And Awareness

Abstract Background. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of COVID-19 among Nepalese population, as containment of the disease is only possible with the change in behaviours as preventive measures. Methodology. A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted for a period of two month among Nepalese residents aged ≥ 18 years using a previously validated tool. Unrestricted self-selected, convenient sampling method was adopted to generate a heterogeneous sample. Data were analysed in SPSS version 22 using chi-square/Fisher-exact test, independent t-test, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression. Results. Out of 766 participants, 78.3% were aged 20–39 years and 58.2% were residents of province 3. One-third of the respondents were students followed by health workers. The rates for correct answer for COVID-19 knowledge questionnaire ranged from 30–99% with health workers and participants with bachelor’s degree having significantly better knowledge. Of the total participants, 71.5% agreed that COVID-19 will be effectively controlled and 80% were assured that Nepal could win the fight against COVID-19. The majority of the participants had not visited any crowded place (93.1%) which was significantly associated with age, marital status, gender, education, occupation, province of residence, and knowledge score of COVID-19 and 92.4% participants wore masks while going out which significantly differed across gender. Conclusion. There is a need to provide education and awareness about COVID-19 to Nepalese people focusing on the areas of knowledge gap so that Nepal can have victory against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Knowledge of pregnant women about anemia is related with adherence to iron tablets

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Baksono Winardi ◽  
Elga Caecaria Grahardika Andani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Almost All

Objectives: to identify association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and the adherence to consume iron tablets in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, IndonesiaMaterials and Methods: Observational analysis cross sectional study. Population consisted of 55 trimester pregnant women in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, in March-April 2017. Samples were recruited using consecutive sampling. The number of sample was 35 respondents. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.Results: This research showed that all of the less knowledgeable women on anemia (100.00%) were non-adherent to consume iron tablets, almost all moderately knowledgeable women (92.9%) were adherent, and all of the fully knowledgeable women (100.00%) were adherent. Fisher exact test in significance level of 0.05 revealed p value equal to 0.0001, indicating association between knowledge about anemia and adherence to consume iron tablets at BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, Indonesia.Conclusion: There is an association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia with adherence to iron tablets.

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