STUDY ON LEVEL OF ANTI GAD AND ICA AUTOANTIBODIES IN PATIENTSWITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Phuong Phan ◽  
Dinh Thanh Truong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Background: Autoantibodies anti GAD and ICA associated to the autoimmune process of patients with diabetes. Detection of these antibodies in progessive diabeticpatients is very necessary because the presence of anti GAD and ICA can predict the progression of the disease to insulin-dependent diabetes in the future. This study was carried out with aims: (1) to define the positive rate, anti GAD and ICA level in patients with diabetes. (2) to evaluate the correlation between anti GAD and ICA with several clinical and paraclinical features of diabetic patients. Materials and method: 88 patients diagnosed of diabetes by the criteria of ADA 2014, withfasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or≥ 7,0 mmol/L) and HbA1C> 6.5%. Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure those autoantibodies of anti GAD and ICA, kits were supplied by DRG company, Germany. Results: the anti GAD positive rate was 10.2%; mean of level of anti GAD was 1.44±0.25 U/mL. ICA positive ratewas 9.1%; mean of level of ICA was 1.44±0.12 U/mL. Positive rate with anti GAD and/or ICA was 19.3%. About the correlation between level of anti GAD, ICA with some of clinical features, we found only the statistically significant difference with p<0.05 between blur vision in the group of ICA level > 1.25U/mL with group of ICA level< 1.25U/mL. About the paraclinical features, the difference with statistical significance (p<0.05) of HbA1C>6.5% was found between the group with anti GAD> 1.05U/mLand the one with anti GAD< 1.00U/mLand also betweenthe group of ICA > 1.25 U/mL and ICA < 1.25 U/mL. Key words: autoantibody anti glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet cell autoantibodies, diabetes mellitus.

A STUDY ON GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE 65 (GAD-65) AUTOANTIBODY AND ANTI-INSULIN AUTOANTIBODY IN LEAN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Phuong Phan
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Autoantibody ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Gad 65 ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65

Introduction and objectives: The Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD-65) autoantibody and anti-insulin autoantibody (IAA) are serum markers of autoimmune diabetic patients. The presence of these autoantibodies in aging diabetic patients can differenciate the latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) from type 2 diabetes. Patients with these auto-antibodies were considered high risk group and will progress into insulin dependent in 5-7 years. This study was carried out with aims:(1) To define the positive rate, the concentration of GAD-65 autoantibody and IAA on lean patients with diabetes. (2) To survey the correlation between the presence of GAD-65 autoantibody, IAA and several clinical and laboratory characteristics of these patients. Objects and methods: 86 patients diagnosed of diabetes following the ADA 2015 criteria, fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL (or ≥ 7.0 mmol/L) and HbA1C > 6.5%. Indirect ELISA technique was performed to measure anti GAD-65 autoantibody and IAA. Kits used in the study were AESKULISA GAD-65 from AESKU Company- Germany and IAA ELISA from DRG Company- Germany. Results: the positive rate with anti GAD-65 and IAA was 48.84% and 30.23% respectively. The positive rate with one of the two antibodies was 55.81%; the positive rate with both antibodies was 23.26%. Mean concentration of GAD-65 positive was 51.08 ± 16,86 IU/mL; The average concentration of IAA positive was 1,46 ± 0,27 U/mL. Regarding the correlation between the concentration of GAD-65, IAA and laboratory data: there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between positive GAD-65 antibody and insulin concentration. A statistically significant difference between GAD-65 antibody and hypertriclyceridemia in the studied and control group (p<0.05) is also observed. Keywords: glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody, insulin autoantibody, diabetes mellitus

scholarly journals Study of TSH level at the time of diagnosis of Hypothyroidism in patients with Diabetes Mellitus- A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Indu K.C. ◽  
S Ghimire ◽  
R Deo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: To evaluate the difference in the level of TSH in diabetic and non diabetic patients at the time of the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Methods: 100 diagnosed cases of hypothyroidism, 50 with diabetes and 50 without diabetes were studied. The level of TSH at the time of diagnosis and other information were obtained from the medical records. Results: The mean TSH in patients with the history of diabetes at the diagnosis of hypothyroidism was 19.9616±26.990 and in those without the history of the diabetes was 10.4797±6.503 (p value 0.018). The females with diabetes had higher level of TSH level at the time of diagnosis of hypothyroidism than females without diabetes (p value 0.045). There was no statistically significant difference in the level of TSH in males with and without diabetes at the time of diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus had higher level of TSH at the time of diagnosis of hypothyroidism in comparison to those without diabetes. Early identification of the raised TSH levels in diabetic patients and timely intervention will help to reduce the chances of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and diabetic kidney disease in this group of patients.

Autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with anti-GAD positive type 1 diabetes mellitus

Open Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Kamile Gul ◽  
Ihsan Ustun ◽  
Yusuf Aydin ◽  
Dilek Berker ◽  
Halil Erol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Type 1 Dm

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the frequency and titers of anti-thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-TG), and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (Anti-GAD) antibodies in Turkish patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), and to compare the frequency of anti-TPO and anti-TG titers in the presence or absence of anti-GAD. A total of 104 patients including 56 males and 48 females with type 1 DM and their age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched control group, including 31 males and 27 females, 58 cases in total with an age range of 15-50 years, were recruited into this study. In patients with type 1 DM, positive anti-GAD was detected in 30.8% (n=32). In patients with positive anti-GAD, rate of positive anti-TPO was 37.5%; however, in patients with negative anti-GAD, the rate of positive anti-TPO was 9.7% and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). In patients with positive anti-GAD, the rate of positive anti-TG was 18.8%. In patients with negative anti-GAD, the rate of positive anti-TG was 2.8%, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p=0.005). In patients with positive and negative anti-GAD, rates of both positive anti-TPO and anti-TG were 15.6% and 1.4%, respectively, with the difference showing statistical significance (p=0.004). Thyroid autoimmunity in type 1 DM patients with positive anti-GAD was apparently higher; therefore, these patients should be followed more frequently and carefully.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Giardia Intestinalis in Dyspeptic and Diabetic Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gözde Derviş Hakim ◽  
Şafak Kızıltaş ◽  
Hilmi Çiftçi ◽  
Şafak Göktaş ◽  
İlyas Tuncer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Healthy Persons

Background and Aims. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Giardiasis in patients with dyspepsia and patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods. 400 patients and 100 healthy persons were included in this clinical prospective study. The number of patients in each group was equal, 200 dyspeptic and 200 diabetic, respectively. The antigen of G. lntestinalis was determined in the stool specimens by ELISA method. Results. The frequency of Giardiasis was 7% in dyspeptic and 15% in diabetic patients. There was no positive results in any of the healthy persons. There was a significant difference in prevalence rate of Giardiasis between patients with dyspepsia and diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Conclusions. These results revealed that the prevalence of Giardiasis in dyspepsia and with diabetes mellitus was high in our country. This is the first study investigating the prevalence of Giardiasis in diabetic patients. To investigate Giardiasis in diabetic patients, who have dyspepsia or not, may be a good approach for public health.

Ticagrelor versus prasugrel in diabetic patients with an acute coronary syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Laine ◽  
Corinne Frere ◽  
Richard Toesca ◽  
Julie Berbis ◽  
Pierre Barnay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

SummaryOptimal P2Y12 receptor blockade is critical to prevent ischaemic recurrence in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aimed to compare the level of platelet reactivity (PR) inhibition achieved by prasugrel and ticagrelor loading dose (LD) in diabetic acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing PCI. We performed a single-center prospective open-label randomised trial. Patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing PCI for an ACS were randomised to receive prasugrel 60 mg or ticagrelor 180 mg. The primary endpoint of the study was the level of platelet reactivity (PR) assessed between 6 and 18 hours post-LD using the VASP index. We randomised 100 diabetic patients undergoing PCI for an ACS. No difference was observed in baseline characteristics between the two groups. In particular, the rate of patient receiving insulin therapy was identical (25 vs 28.6%; p =0.7). Ticagrelor achieved a significantly lower PR compared to prasugrel loading dose (17.3 ± 14.2 vs 27.7 ± 23.3%; p=0.009). In addition the rate of high on-treatment platelet reactivity, defined by a VASP ≥50%, tend to be lower in the ticagrelor group although the difference did not reach statistical significance (6 vs 16%; p=0.2). The rate of low on treatment PR was identical (60 vs 54%; p=0.8). The present study demonstrates that ticagrelor LD is superior to prasugrel LD to reduce PR in ACS patients with diabetes mellitus. Whether the higher potency of ticagrelor could translate into a clinical benefit should be investigated.

scholarly journals Neuronal autoantibodies in focal epilepsy with or without mesial temporal sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnaz Ansari ◽  
Masoud Etemadifar ◽  
Mohammadreza Najafi ◽  
Maryam Nasri ◽  
Rokhsareh Meamar
Keyword(s):  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Dsdna Antibody ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neuronal Autoantibodies ◽  
The Difference

Background: This study was designed to investigate the difference in the prevalence of neuronal autoantibodies in patients diagnosed with established temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) of unknown cause with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and patients with TLE without MTS. Methods: In an observational cohort study design, we included thirty-three consecutive adult patients and divided them into two groups with and without MTS. We evaluated anti-neuronal and nuclear antibodies with immunofluorescence (IF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results: From the thirty-three consecutive patients with epilepsy 17 (51.1%) had MTS of which 12 had unilateral and 5 had bilateral MTS. No significant difference was detected between seropositive and seronegative patients in MTS versus non-MTS groups. The studied autoantibodies were present in 16 patients, including gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA-R) antibodies being the most common in 11 (33.3%), followed by N-methyl-Daspartate receptor (NMDA-R) in 2 (6.1%), glutamic acid decarboxylase receptor (GAD-R) in 1 (3.0%), antiphospholipid (APL) antibody in 1 (3.0%), CV2 in 1 (3.0%), Tr in 1 (3.0%), recoverin in 1 (3.0%), and double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) antibody in 1 (3.0%) of our patients with focal epilepsy. In both MTS and non-MTS groups, eight patients were positive for antibodies; four patients were positive for GABA in the MTS group and seven for GABA in the non-MTS group. Conclusion: Neuronal antibodies were presented in half of patients with focal epilepsy, GABA antibody being the leading one. No specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were found in the seropositive group. Our results suggest that screening for relevant antibodies may enable us to offer a possible treatment to this group of patients. 

scholarly journals Autoantibodies Against Type I IFNs in Patients with Ph-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3587-3587
Author(s):  
Oscar Borsani ◽  
Paul Bastard ◽  
Jérémie Rosain ◽  
Adrian Gervais ◽  
Emanuela Sant'Antonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background. The classic Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a group of clonal haematopoietic disorders, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and myelofibrosis (MF), whose shared and diverse phenotypic signatures are caused by a dysregulated JAK/STAT signal transduction because of acquired somatic mutations. It has been demonstrated that autoimmune diseases and MPN can be associated (Kristinsson et al., Haematologica. 2010 Jul;95(7):1216-20.), suggesting a common background of immune dysregulation (Barosi, Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2014 Dec;9(4):331-9). SARS-CoV-2 infection displays extreme inter-individual clinical variability, ranging from silent infection to lethal disease. It has been described that at least 10% of patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia have neutralizing autoantibodies (AAbs) against type I IFNs, that precede SARS-CoV-2 infection (Bastard et al., Science. 2020 Oct 23;370(6515):eabd4585). In this study we searched for AAbs against type I IFNs in a cohort of MPN patients to evaluate the prevalence of these AAbs in the MPN population and to check for clinical correlations, including severity of COVID-19. Methods. Plasma samples from consecutively referred MPN patients were prospectively collected between November 2020 and June 2021 and frozen at -30°C immediately after collection. Levels of AAbs against type I IFN subtypes including IFNs alpha, beta and omega were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay, as previously reported (Bastard et al., Science. 2020 Oct 23;370(6515):eabd4585; Moreews et al., Sci Immunol. 2021 May 25;6(59):eabh1516). Results. We included a total of 219 MPN patients (101 ET, 76 PV, 36 MF and 6 MPN unclassificable). Neutralizing AAbs to type I IFNs were detected in 29 patients (13.2%, 95%CI: 9.1% - 18.5%). Comparing patients with and without AAbs we observed a significant difference in terms of distribution of MPN diagnosis (P = 0.029) and driver mutations (P = 0.019), while we did not observe a difference in terms of age, sex, and treatment (Table 1). Overall, 29 patients (13%) got SARS-CoV-2 infection and 8 of them (28%) required hospitalization due to severe COVID-19. AAbs against type I IFNs were detected in 4 of the 29 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. A higher rate of hospitalization for severe COVID-19 was observed in patients with AAbs to type I IFNs (2 of 4 patients, 50%) compared to those without these AAbs (6 of 25 patients, 24%), although the difference did not reach a statistical significance (P = 0.300). Conclusions. In this study, we detected a prevalence of AAbs against type I IFNs which is much higher in our MPN cohort (13%) than in the general population (2-3%). We also found a correlation between the presence of AAbs to type I IFNs and both the hematological diagnosis and the driver mutation. Despite a comparable prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection between MPN patients with or without AAbs to type I IFNs, we observed a different rate of hospitalization due to severe COVID-19 which is almost twice in those with AAbs against type I IFNs compared to those without these AAbs. However, this difference did not reach a statistical significance, probably because of the low number of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the subgroup of patients with AAbs against type I IFNs. Thus, further studies to analyse the prevalence of AAbs against type I IFNs in patients with MPN, their association with other forms of auto-immunity and severe COVID-19 are warranted. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Arcaini: Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; Bayer, Celgene, Gilead Sciences, Roche, Sandoz, Janssen-Cilag, VERASTEM: Consultancy; Celgene, Roche, Janssen-Cilag, Gilead: Other: Travel expenses; Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Rumi: Novartis, Abbvie: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Nonadherence and Contributing Factors among Ambulatory Patients with Antidiabetic Medications in Adama Referral Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belayneh Kefale Gelaw ◽  
Abdela Mohammed ◽  
Gobezie Temesgen Tegegne ◽  
Amsalu Degu Defersha ◽  
Muluneh Fromsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of nonadherence and its contributing factors among diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic in Adama Hospital.Methods.This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetes mellitus clinic of Adama Referral Hospital. Every other patient was selected and data regarding their medication adherence was collected using a structured interview. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-16.Result.The response rate from this study was 98.3%. A total of 270 patients were interviewed; 51.5% were males. A total of 68.1% of the patients included in the study were married. 14% were younger than 40 years, and 50% were between 40 and 60 years. 21.8% of the participants ascribed their nonadherence to forgetting to take their medications. Patients with duration of diabetes≤5 years (82.07%) were more compliant to their medication than those with>5 years (60.8%), which was found to be statistically significant(P=0.003). Insulin, 47%, and glibenclamide plus metformin, 43.7%, were the most commonly prescribed mono- and combination therapies, respectively. Common comorbid conditions include hypertension, 148 (54.82%), and visual impairment, 89 (32.96%). The proportion of male patients adherent to their antidiabetic medications was found to be lower than 69.78% compared to the female patients (74.81%), but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion.Most diabetic patients are currently being managed with the most effective available drugs. However the result from this study indicates that the desired blood sugar level could not be controlled and maintained adequately. This was because of poor adherence to the prescribed drug regimen and poor knowledge and practice of successful self-management.

scholarly journals Research on the correlation of serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level to vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with overweight or obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jun X ◽  
Yanan Z ◽  
Zhijie C ◽  
Zhihui D ◽  
Danhua S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pai 1 ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) level and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accompanied by overweight or obesity by observing not only the changes of PAI-1 level in T2DM patients with overweight or obesity, but also glucose and lipid metabolism related indicators, the changes of the inflammatory cytokines secreted by adipocytes, and then making an analysis on the correlation to PAI-1.Methods: 36 cases of healthy examinees were selected as normal control group (NC group), and the experimental group can be divided into T2DM group (54 cases), Overweight/Obesity group (35 cases) and T2DM + Overweight/Obesity group (48 cases). Glucose and lipid metabolism related indicators such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (IR), body weight index (BMI) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and PAI-1 were observed and compared between groups, and then made an analysis to explore the correlation of these factors to PAI-1.Results: (1) Compared with NC group, the levels of FBG, HbA1c, FINS and IR were increased in T2DM group, and the difference was of statistical significance. However, there was no statistically significant difference in TG, TC, LDL-C and BMI between NC group and T2DM group; the levels of FINS, IR, TG, LDL-C, TC and BMI were elevated in Overweight/Obesity group, and the difference was of statistical significance. However, there was no statistically significant difference in FBG and HbA1c; the levels of FBG, HbA1c, FINS, IR, TG, LDL-C, TC and BMI were up-regulated in T2DM + Overweight/Obesity group, and the difference was of statistical significance. Compared with T2DM group, the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and BMI were increased in Overweight/Obesity group, and the difference was of statistical significance, however, the levels of FBG, HbA1c, FINS and IR were decreased, and the difference was statistically significant; The levels of FINS, IR, TG, TC, LDL-C and BMI were elevated in T2DM + Overweight/Obesity group, and the difference was of statistical significance, however, there was no statistically significant difference in FBG and HbA1c. Compared with Overweight/Obesity group, the levels of FBG, FINS, IR, HbA1c and LDL-C were increased in T2DM + Overweight/Obesity group, and the difference was of statistical significance. However, the difference in TG, TC and BMI was not statistically significant. (2) Compared with NC group, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and PAI-1 were increased in T2DM group, Overweight/Obesity group and T2DM + Overweight/Obesity group, and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with T2DM group, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were elevated in Overweight/Obesity group, and the difference was of statistical significance, but there was no statistically significant difference in PAI-1; the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and PAI-1 were up-regulated in T2DM + Overweight/Obesity group, and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with Overweight/Obesity group, there was no statistically significant difference in IL-6 and TNF-α between T2DM + Overweight/Obesity group and Overweight/Obesity group, but the level of PAI-1 was increased in T2DM + Overweight/Obesity group, and the difference was of statistical significance. (3) Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis showed that HbA1c, IR, TG, BMI, IL-6 and TNF-α were independently associated with the level of PAI-1 (all p < .05).Conclusions: (1) The level of PAI-1 is higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with overweight or obesity than that in patients only with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it is one of causes that result in vascular complications. (2) The increase in the level of PAI-1 is considered to be associated with IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by adipocytes.

Clinical Implications of Anxiety in Diabetes: A Critical Review of the Evidence Base

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mitsonis ◽  
N. Dimopoulos ◽  
V. Psarra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Introduction:Substantial literature supports clinically important associations between anxiety and chronic medical conditions. Diabetes is among the most psychologically and behaviorally demanding chronic medical illnesses. Anxiety has been associated with poor glycemic control, regimen adherence, and with accelerated rates of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients.Aim:The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the role of clinically significant anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods:MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCINFO databases were searched using the combined search terms diabetes, diabetes mellitus, anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders. Published reference lists were also examined. In total 25 studies were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Results:Anxiety was present in 41.7% of diabetic patients. There was no significant difference between those with Types 1 and types 2 diabetes. The rate of elevated symptoms was significantly higher in diabetic women than in diabetic men. General anxiety disorder was the most prevalent of the clinical disorders and was found in 13.2% of the diabetic patients. The rates of the other anxiety disorders were within the range of those reported in community studies. Treatment of anxiety was associated with improved glycemic control, particularly in the subgroup of patients with severe anxiety.Conclusions:Emerging data offer a strong argument for the role of anxiety in diabetes. Psychological interventions and/ or pharmacological treatments in patients with diabetes are needed, in order to increase treatment adherence and control of the disease and improve patients’ functioning and quality of life.

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