In Reply: Discharge Pack Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
STEPHEN J. WIRTZ ◽  
DEBORAH A. FRANK ◽  
JAMES R. SORENSON
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Duration

We welcome the opportunity to clarify the five issues raised by Mr Gelardi. First, Mr Gelardi implies that the 18-day difference in exclusive breast-feeding duration between women receiving the commercial compared with those receiving the research discharge pack, although statistically significant, is not clinically relevant. The study only followed up women for 122 days; this difference represents 15% of the follow-up period. Because the protective effects of breast-feeding against allergens and infective agents are greatest in the first few weeks of life, we would argue that a 15% extension of the duration of exclusive breast-feeding during that period is clinically beneficial.

Exclusive Breast-Feeding for at Least 4 Months Protects Against Otitis Media

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-537
Author(s):  
Lee B. Heery
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding

It is exciting to see such a large, well-controlled study1 showing the protective effects of exclusive breast-feeding against otitis media. The study has given breast-feeding some positive attention in the lay press as well. The study overcame problems seen in other studies of the benefits of breast-feeding in that it was large (>1000 infants), data were collected prospectively, and breast-feeding was well-defined. My main concerns with this study regard statistical significance and the discussion of the results.

scholarly journals Breast-feeding duration: influence on taste acceptance over the first year of life

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Schwartz ◽  
Claire Chabanet ◽  
Caroline Laval ◽  
Sylvie Issanchou ◽  
Sophie Nicklaus
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Sensory Preference ◽  
Ingestion Ratio ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Impact

Early feeding experiences, e.g. related to milk feeding, can affect later food and taste preferences. However, consequences of breast-feeding on taste acceptance are under-investigated. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of exclusive breast-feeding duration (DEB) on taste acceptance at 6 and 12 months in the same infants (n122). Mothers recorded the DEB. Acceptance of solutions of each of the five basic tastes relative to water was evaluated in the laboratory at 6 and 12 months by the ingestion ratio (IR). Kendall correlations were calculated between the DEB and the IR. Only 16 % completed at least 6 months of exclusive breast-feeding; 79 % had begun complementary feeding by 6 months. At 6 months, infants preferred sweet, salty and umami solutions over water and were indifferent to sour and bitter solutions. The longer an infant was breast-fed, the more s/he accepted the umami solution at 6 months. At 12 months, infants preferred sweet and salty solutions over water and were indifferent to sour, bitter and umami solutions. The relationship between the DEB and acceptance of the umami solution was not observed at 12 months. No relationship was observed between the DEB and sweet, salty, sour and bitter taste acceptance at 6 or 12 months. The association between the DEB and umami taste acceptance at 6 months may relate to the higher glutamate content of human milk compared with formula milk. Beyond the acknowledged metabolic benefits of breast-feeding, this suggests that prolonged breast-feeding could also be associated with an impact on sensory preference at the beginning of complementary feeding.

scholarly journals Assessment of chronic bronchitis and risk factors in young adults: Results from BAMSE

2020 ◽  
pp. 2002120
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Jenny Hallberg ◽  
Petra Um Bergström ◽  
Christer Janson ◽  
Göran Pershagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding

BackgroundChronic bronchitis is associated with substantial morbidity among elderly adults, but little is known about its prevalence and risk factors in young adults. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and early life risk factors for chronic bronchitis in young adults.MethodsQuestionnaire data and clinical measures from the 24-year follow-up of the Swedish BAMSE cohort were used. We assessed chronic bronchitis (CB) as the combination of cough and mucus production in the morning during winter. Environmental and clinical data from birth and onwards were used for analyses of risk factors.ResultsAt the 24-year follow-up, 75% (n=3064) participants completed the questionnaire and 2030 performed spirometry. The overall prevalence of CB was 5.5% (n=158) with similar estimates in males and females. Forty-nine percent of CB cases experienced more than 3 self-reported respiratory infections in the last year compared to 18% in non-CB subjects (p<0.001), and 37% of cases were current smokers (versus 19%). Statistically significant lower post-FEV1/FVC were observed in CB compared to non-CB subjects (mean z-score −0.06 versus 0.13, p=0.027). Daily smoking (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR=3.85, p<0.001), air pollution exposure (black carbon during ages 1–4 years old, aOR=1.71 per 1 μg·m3 increase, p=0.009) and exclusive breast-feeding during four months or more (aOR=0.66, p=0.044) were associated with CB.ConclusionChronic bronchitis in young adults is associated with recurrent respiratory infections. Besides smoking, our results support role of early life exposures, such as air pollution and exclusive breast-feeding, for respiratory health later in life.

scholarly journals Non-Exclusive Breast Feeding And Its Factors In The First 6-Month Life of Infants Among Mother-Infant Pairs of 6 to 12 months In Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019: Community Based cross sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejen Getaneh Feleke ◽  
Chanyalew Worku Kassahun ◽  
Tesfamichael G/Mariam W/mariam ◽  
Sheganew Fetene Tassaw ◽  
Ermiase Sisay Chanie
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Debre Tabor

Abstract BackgroundNon-exclusive breastfeeding is becoming major cause of infants and children morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. The magnitude of non-exclusive breast feeding and its factors is not addressed in the study area.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of non-exclusive breast feeding and its factors in the first 6 months life of infants among mother-infant pairs of 6 to 12 months in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.MethodsA Community based cross sectional study was conducted among 860 mother-infant pairs of 6 to 12 months in Debre Tabor Town, from March 1-30/2019. To select study participants cluster sampling technique was employed. Data was entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1, and exported to SPSS window version 20 for analysis. Binary and Multivariable logistic regression was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare association.ResultsThe prevalence of non-exclusive breastfeeding of mothers to their infants within the first 6 months was found to be 39.8% (95% CI: 36.6-43.0). Mothers whose husbands had no formal education (AOR=6.60 [95%CI: 4.14, 10.41), primary education (AOR=4.30 [95% CI: 2.62, 7.20]), Mothers governmental employed ((AOR=8.20 [(95% CI: 5.191, 12.940]), daily laborer (AOR=1.70 [95% CI: 1.01, 2.90], merchant mothers (AOR=0.44 [95% CI: 0.35, 0.90]),and Mothers who had no post-natal care follow up for current baby in health service (AOR=2.40 [(95% CI: 1.56, 3.76]) were significantly associated with Non-exclusive breastfeeding within the first 6 months.Conclusion and RecommendationsHigh proportion of mothers practiced non-exclusive breast feeding within the first 6 months. Husband’s had no formal education, primary education maternal governmental employed, daily laborer, merchant and mothers who had no post-natal follow up were predictors with outcomes in the study area. Hence; it is better to increase annual leave for delivered mothers, improve awareness of husbands towards benefits of introducing complementary feeding timely, and advice mothers to improve post-natal period follow up.

scholarly journals Individual and contextual determinants of exclusive breast-feeding in São Paulo, Brazil: a multilevel analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Isoyama Venancio ◽  
Carlos Augusto Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo identify individual and contextual factors associated with the practice of exclusive breast-feeding (EBF).MethodologyWe analysed 34 435 children under 6 months of age living in 111 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil, who participated in a survey investigating feeding practices during the first year of life, carried out during the 1999 national vaccination campaign. The questionnaire employed included questions on the consumption, in the last 24 h, of breast milk, water, tea, other types of milk and other foods, in addition to mother and child characteristics. Information on the pro-breast-feeding measures implemented in the municipalities was also collected. The effects of individual and contextual characteristics on EBF were analysed using multilevel models.ResultsThe final model showed a greater chance of EBF in women with tertiary education (odds ratio (OR) = 1.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75–2.06); women aged between 25 and 29 years (OR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.41–1.63); multiparae (OR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.33–1.49); female babies (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.05–1.18); birth weight ≥3000 g (OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.49–1.97); child follow-up in the private health-care network (OR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02–1.18); and municipalities with four or five pro-breast-feeding measures (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 2.19–2.88). An analysis of the interactions between individual and contextual variables showed that the presence of at least four pro-breast-feeding measures in the municipality attenuated the risk of early termination of EBF associated with low maternal schooling and low birth weight, and transformed child follow-up in the public network into a protective factor against the early termination of breast-feeding.ConclusionsThe presence of measures aimed at protecting, promoting and supporting breast-feeding in the municipality had a positive influence on EBF and attenuated the impact of risk factors for the termination of breast-feeding.

scholarly journals Infant nutrition in relation to eating behaviour and fruit and vegetable intake at age 5 years

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisanne M. Möller ◽  
Marieke L. A. de Hoog ◽  
Manon van Eijsden ◽  
Reinoud J. B. J. Gemke ◽  
Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Feeding Duration

Infant nutrition may influence eating behaviour and food preferences in later life. The present study explores whether exclusive breast-feeding duration and age at introduction of solid foods are associated with children's eating behaviour and fruit and vegetable intake at age 5 years. Data were derived from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study, a prospective birth cohort in the Netherlands, and included 3624 children. During infancy, data on infant nutrition were collected. Child eating behaviour (satiety responsiveness, enjoyment of food, slowness in eating and food responsiveness) was assessed with the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire; and fruit and vegetable intake was calculated from a validated child FFQ. Both questionnaires were filled in by the mothers after their child turned 5 years. Exclusive breast-feeding duration was not associated with later eating behaviour, although longer exclusive breast-feeding was significantly associated with a higher vegetable intake at age 5 years. Compared with the introduction of solid foods at age 6 months, introduction before the age of 4 months was associated with less satiety responsiveness at age 5 years (β − 0·09; 95 % CI − 0·16, − 0·02). Introducing solid foods after 6 months was associated with less enjoyment of food (β − 0·07; 95 % CI − 0·12, − 0·01) and food responsiveness (β − 0·04; 95 % CI − 0·07, − 0·01). Introducing solid foods before the age of 4 months was associated with a higher fruit intake compared with introduction at 6 months. These findings suggest that prolonged breast-feeding and introduction of solid foods between 4 and 6 months may lead to healthier eating behaviour and food preferences at age 5 years.

scholarly journals Infant weight gain, duration of exclusive breast-feeding and childhood BMI – two similar follow-up cohorts

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir ◽  
Lene Schack-Nielsen ◽  
Kim Fleischer Michaelsen ◽  
Thorkild IA Sørensen ◽  
Inga Thorsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Infant Weight Gain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the association between duration of exclusive breast-feeding (EBF), weight gain in infancy and childhood BMI in two populations with a long duration of EBF.DesignCohort study with follow-up in childhood. Breast-feeding status was reported monthly during infancy. Weight and length were measured at birth, 2, 6 and 12 months of age, as well as in childhood at 6 or 10 years of age.SettingIceland and Denmark.SubjectsRandomly selected healthy newborns from Denmark (n 85) and Iceland (n 100).ResultsInfants exclusively breast-fed for ≤2 months gained 348 (95% CI 69, 626) g more weight from 2 to 6 months than infants exclusively breast-fed for 3–4 months (P = 0·009). Weight gain from 6 to 12 months was found to be greater among infants exclusively breast-fed for ≤2 months compared with those exclusively breast-fed for ≥5 months (P = 0·008). A greater weight change, in terms of Z-score, between the ages of 2 and 6 months was associated with higher Z-score of childhood BMI, adjusted for birth weight, country and duration of EBF (B = 0·49, se = 0·11, P < 0·001, adj. R2 = 0·15). However, the association was much stronger in the Icelandic cohort than the Danish one.ConclusionsAlthough duration of EBF was not associated with childhood BMI in the present study it may modulate growth rate in infancy, which is related to childhood BMI. However, other factors determinative for infant growth also need to be considered when assessing the relationship of early growth and nutrition to childhood overweight, as traditions in complementary food might differ between populations.

scholarly journals Breast-feeding duration for the prevention of excess body weight of mother–child pairs concurrently: a 2-year cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2537-2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Fabio Mastroeni ◽  
Silmara Salete de Barros Silva Mastroeni ◽  
Sandra Ana Czarnobay ◽  
John Paul Ekwaru ◽  
Sarah A Loehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between breast-feeding duration and the risk of excess body weight (children &gt;85th percentile, mothers BMI≥25·0 kg/m2) concurrently in mother–child pairs two years after delivery.DesignProspective cohort study in Joinville, Brazil. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the independent relationship between breast-feeding duration and risk of excess body weight.SettingBrazilian public maternity hospital.SubjectsThree hundred and five mother–child pairs.ResultsAt 2-year follow-up, 23·6 % of mother–child pairs had excess body weight. Children breast-fed for &lt;2 months were more likely to have excess body weight than children breast-fed for ≥6 months (OR=2·4; 95 % CI 1·1, 5·1). Breast-feeding for &lt;2 months was also associated with a greater likelihood of maternal excess body weight compared with those who breast-fed for ≥6 months (OR=2·9; 95 % CI 1·1, 8·1). There was a progressive increase in the likelihood of mother–child pairs having excess body weight as breast-feeding duration decreased. In addition to breast-feeding duration, other independent determinants of excess body weight were pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain and number of pregnancies in mothers, and birth weight in children.ConclusionsBreast-feeding for a longer duration has a parallel protective effect on the risk of excess body weight in mother–child pairs two years after birth. Since members of the same family could be influenced by the same risk factors, continued promotion and support of breast-feeding may help to attenuate the rising prevalence of overweight in mother–child pairs.

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