scholarly journals The Effect of Plant Density on the Yield of Sunflower Hybrid’s in 2001-2002

2003 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
András Szabó ◽  
Péter Pepó ◽  
László Zsombik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Diaporthe Helianthi ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Nowadays, for increasing efficiency of sunflower production treating hybrid-specific technologies was required. Increasing of hybrid choice gave reasons for trials in respects of critical factors, as well as in case of genotype-enviroment interactions. The effect of changing plant density show up as determinant factor which affects on yield as well as on plant hygienic conditions. Trials were established on calcareous chernozem soil (Hajdú-Bihar county), in 2001-2002. The field trials were randomized, in four repetition on small parcels. The plant density trials were established in 35.000-75.000 plant/hectar interval using a scale of 10.000 plant/hectar. 10 hybrids were used in both year.In 2001, 55.000 plant/hectar density was the optimal, in case of most of the hybrids. The yield of tested hybrids did not show significant difference. Yield decreasing effect of using less than optimal density was more significant than in case of using optimal plant density. In 2002, the optimal density was in 45.000-65.000 plant/hectar interval, there was no possibility to find narrower optimum.Presence of Diaporthe helianthi and the damage caused by the pathogen was significant in 1997-1999, whereas in 2001-2002 the large-scale appearance of the pathogen did not occur. In 2001, the affect of high plant density on disease caused by Diaporthe helianthi showed just tendency-like appearance, in 2002, the infection showed up just in the end of the vegetation period, without significant damage. In spite of the low infection level, the difference between the infection of the diverse plant density treatment was significant. Increasing plant density made increase the frequency of the Diaporthe helianthi infection. The rate of the flower diseases was around 3-16% in 2001, the highest infection level emerged in 65.000-75.000 plant/hectar density, whereas in 2002, the rate of infection level was less than 10%. The increasing plant density helped the development of flower diseases.

scholarly journals Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Homocysteine in the Physical Examination Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Bao ◽  
Ming Cui ◽  
Xiuying Shi ◽  
Shaoqing Ju ◽  
Hui Cong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) is considered to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. No study has evaluated the distribution of Hcy on a large-scale health examination. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the level and distribution of Hcy in the healthy physical examination population and the correlation with other biomarkers, and analyzed for cardiovascular and other diseases. The prevention provides an important scientific basis.Methods: From February 2017 to April 2020, 8063 medical examination populations were selected for analysis. Determination of serum Hcy, TC, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, ALT, ALP, γ-GT, TBIL, GLU, urea, Cr, UA and related metabolic risk factors. According to the multivariate regression model of age, gender, smoking, drinking, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the relationship between Hcy and other biochemical indicators was evaluated. Results: Among 8063 cases, the age, BMI, SBP and DBP of the high-Hcy group were higher than those of the low-Hcy group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the proportion of males, smoking and drinking were higher than the low In the Hcy group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the ALT, ALP, γ-GT, TBIL, Urea, Cr, UA, and TG in the high Hcy group were higher than those in the low Hcy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 ); HDL-c in the high-Hcy group was lower than that in the low-Hcy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in TC, LDL-c, and GLU between the high- and low-Hcy groups (P>0.05). In multivariate analysis, lnHDL-C was negatively correlated with lnHcy (β=-0.038, SE=0.016, P<0.05), lnCr was positively correlated with lnHcy (β=0.055, SE=0.016, P<0.05), lnUA and lnHcy were positive correlation (β=0.043, SE=0.019, P<0.05). Conclusion: Hcy is closely related to HDL-c, Cr and UA, which indicates that Hcy may affect the metabolism of HDL-c and UA, and can also be used as an auxiliary diagnostic index for kidney injury.

Mycotoxins in organically versus conventionally produced cereal grains and some other crops in temperate regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brodal ◽  
I.S. Hofgaard ◽  
G.S. Eriksen ◽  
A. Bernhoft ◽  
L. Sundheim
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

This paper presents peer-reviewed studies comparing the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2+T-2 toxins, zearalenone (ZEA), nivalenol (NIV), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins in cereal grains, and patulin (PAT) in apple and apple-based products, produced in organically and conventionally grown crops in temperate regions. Some of the studies are based on data from controlled field trials, however, most are farm surveys and some are food basket surveys. Almost half of the studies focused on DON in cereals. The majority of these studies found no significant difference in DON content in grain from the two farming systems, but several studies showed lower DON content in organically than in conventionally produced cereals. A number of the investigations reported low DON levels in grain, far below the EU limits for food. Many authors suggested that weather conditions, years, locations, tillage practice and crop rotation are more important for the development of DON than the type of farming. Organically produced oats contained mainly lower levels of HT-2+T-2 toxins than conventionally produced oats. Most studies on ZEA reported no differences between farming systems, or lower concentrations in organically produced grain. For the other mycotoxins in cereals, mainly low levels and no differences between the two farming systems were reported. Some studies showed higher PAT contamination in organically than in conventionally produced apple and apple products. The difference may be due to more efficient disease control in conventional orchards. It cannot be concluded that any of the two farming systems increases the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Despite no use of fungicides, an organic system appears generally able to maintain mycotoxin contamination at low levels. More systematic comparisons from scientifically controlled field trials and surveys are needed to clarify if there are differences in the risk of mycotoxin contamination between organically and conventionally produced crops.

scholarly journals Large Scale Star Formation: Density Waves, Superassociations and Propagation

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 457-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Elmegreen
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Density Waves ◽  
Spiral Arms ◽  
Gravitational Instabilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Star Formation In Galaxies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Waves

The hypothesis that density waves trigger star formation is critically examined. Much of the former evidence in favor of the hypothesis is shown to be inconsistent with modern observations. A comparison between galaxies with and without density waves reveals no significant difference in their star formation rates. A new role for density waves in the context of star formation might be based on four principles: 1. density waves are intrinsically strong, 2. the gas is compressed more than the stars in the wave, 3. star formation follows the gas, with no preferential trigger related to the wave itself, and 4. regions of star formation are larger in the spiral arms than they are between the arms. This new role for density waves is primarily one of organization: the waves place most of the gas in the arms, so most of the star formation is in the arms too. The waves also promote the coagulation of small clouds into large cloud complexes, or superclouds, by what appears to be a combination of collisional agglomeration and large-scale gravitational instabilities. Special regions where density waves do trigger a true excess of star formation are discussed, and possible reasons for the difference between these triggering waves and the more common, organizing, waves are mentioned. Other aspects of large-scale star formation, such as the occurrence of kiloparsec-size regions of activity and kiloparsec-range propagation, are illustrated with numerous examples. The importance of these largest scales to the overall mechanism of star formation in galaxies is emphasized.

Effect of plant density on the expression of the creeping-rooted character and forage yield of the lucerne (Medicago sativa) cultivar Cancreep

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Daday ◽  
A Grassia ◽  
J Peak
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of plant density, grass competition and weedicide spraying on the expression of the creeping-rooted character, crown development and on forage production of Cancreep were investigated in swards of hand-planted seedlings, and in a sown experiment. Higher percentages of creeping-rooted plants and increased crown development were found at low plant density whereas high plant density suppressed both creep and crown development. Weedicide spraying treatments increased the percentage of creeping plants in the sown experiment. The best survival rates of cocksfoot and optimum expressions of creep were also found at low densities when these species were grown in competition. The minimum mean crown diameter of plants initiating creep was 9.4 cm in the planted experiment. No significant difference was found between forage production of Cancreep and Hunter River in the sown experiment. The optimum sowing rate for Cancreep is about one kg ha-1, rows 30 cm to 60 cm apart and an application of the weedicide Diuron is recommended before the commencement of the winter after establishment.

Festulolium seed productivity as affected by seeding technique and rate in the forest-steppe of the Central Non-Chernozem region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Образцов ◽  
Д. Щедрина ◽  
С. Кадыров
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
High Plant Density

В Центральном Черноземье большая часть кормов производится на пашне. В связи с этим эффективность животноводства зависит от стабильного обеспечения животных качественными и недорогими кормами. Наиболее доступными кормами являются многолетние травы. Внедрение новых видов и сортов нетрадиционных кормовых трав с улучшенными хозяйственно полезными признаками является важным резервом для кормопроизводства. Межродовой гибрид фестулолиум ценная кормовая культура для полевого и лугового травосеяния, которую можно использовать на зелёный корм, сено, силос, сенаж, а также при создании культурных сенокосов и пастбищ. В связи с этим для более широкого внедрения в производство требуется научная разработка приёмов возделывания, обеспечивающих получение высоких и устойчивых урожаев семян. Важными элементами технологии возделывания фестулолиума на семена являются норма высева семян и способ посева. В представленных исследованиях, проведённых в 20062009 годах, изучены биологические особенности и семенная продуктивность при использовании разных норм высева и обычного и черезрядного способов посева. По результатам проведённых исследований можно отметить, что посев фестулолиума рядовым (15 см) или черезрядным (30 см) способами с нормой высева 6,0 кг/га позволяет сформировать разреженный слабополегающий травостой. Ассимиляционный аппарат фестулолиума наиболее продуктивно ассимилировал при обычном и черезрядном способах посева с нормами высева 6,0 и 9,0 кг/га, о чём свидетельствует максимальное значение фотосинтетического потенциала 10291090 тыс. м2сут/га. Чрезмерное загущение посевов (до 12,0 кг/га) отрицательно сказалось на элементах структуры урожая, привело к полеганию растений, уменьшению их продуктивности. Установлено, что максимальная семенная продуктивность фестулолиума получена в травостоях с нормой высева 6,0 кг/га и густотой стояния 130133 шт./м2: при рядовом способе посева урожай семян в среднем за 3 года составил 604,3 кг/га, а при черезрядном 652,3 кг/га. In the Central Non-Chernozem region the greatest part of forage comes from grasslands. Stable production of high-quality and low-cost feeds is a key to effective Animal Husbandry. Perennial grasses are the most popular source of fodder. Introduction of new unconventional genotypes of such grasses carrying improved economically important traits is crucial for forage production. Festulolium intergeneric hybrid is a valuable crop that can be used to produce green forage, hay, silage, haylage as well as to maintain pastures and grasslands. Its large-scale cultivation requires new techniques providing high and stable yield. Seeding rate and pattern significantly affect festulolium performance. This paper reports on festulolium biological parameters and seed productivity analyzed in 20062009. Row and skip-row planting patterns as well as the seeding rate of 6.0 kg ha-1 resulted in sparse lodging-resistant swards. Seeding rates of 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha-1 provided the highest photosynthetic potential 10291090 thousand m2days ha-1. High plant density (up to 12.0 kg ha-1) negatively affected festulolium performance and led to lodging. The seeding rate of 6.0 kg ha-1 and festulolium density of 130133 plants/m2 resulted in the highest seed productivity: 604.3 and 652.3 kg ha-1 under row and skip-row planting patterns, respectively.

First pass effect vs multiple passes complete reperfusion: A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110428
Author(s):  
Ameer E Hassan ◽  
Mahmoud Dibas ◽  
Amrou Sarraj ◽  
Sherief Ghozy ◽  
Amr Ehab El-Qushayri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
First Pass Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Pass ◽  
High Volume Center ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Difference

Background and purpose First pass effect (FPE) is defined as achieving modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) grade 2c/3 reperfusion from the first pass and is associated with more favorable outcomes. We aimed to compare FPE and non-FPE using a large database and further compare first-pass mTICI 2b with multiple passes mTICI 3. Methods A retrospective cohort study of acute ischemic stroke patients who received mechanical thrombectomy at a high-volume center was performed. Baseline characteristics and outcomes including rates of discharge and 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale ≤2), mortality, symptomatic, and asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were compared. Results Of the 637 patients included, 294 achieved FPE; 161 patients had multiple passes mTICI 3 and 36 had first pass mTICI 2b. Propensity-score matching resulted in 211 matched pairs for FPE vs non-FPE, and 30 matched pairs for multiple passes mTICI 3 vs first pass mTICI 2b. The FPE group had significantly more instances of discharge (33.6% vs 19.4%, p = 0.001) and 90-day functional independence (51.7% vs 40.8%, p = 0.032), and lower rates of mortality (18.0% vs 27.5%, p = 0.027) compared to non-FPE. There was no significant difference between first pass mTICI 2b and multiple passes mTICI 3 concerning any studied outcomes. Conclusions First pass mTICI 2c/3 is safer and is associated with higher rates of functional independence. We did not observe a significant difference between first pass mTICI 2b and multiple passes mTICI 3. The limitations of this study prevent us from drawing conclusions related to the difference between them and calls for future large-scale studies to explore that further.

scholarly journals A field experiment shows that subtle linguistic cues might not affect voter behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (26) ◽  
pp. 7112-7117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Gerber ◽  
Gregory A. Huber ◽  
Daniel R. Biggers ◽  
David J. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
The Difference

One of the most important recent developments in social psychology is the discovery of minor interventions that have large and enduring effects on behavior. A leading example of this class of results is in the work by Bryan et al. [Bryan CJ, Walton GM, Rogers T, Dweck CS (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(31):12653–12656], which shows that administering a set of survey items worded so that subjects think of themselves as voters (noun treatment) rather than as voting (verb treatment) substantially increases political participation (voter turnout) among subjects. We revisit these experiments by replicating and extending their research design in a large-scale field experiment. In contrast to the 11 to 14% point greater turnout among those exposed to the noun rather than the verb treatment reported in the work by Bryan et al., we find no statistically significant difference in turnout between the noun and verb treatments (the point estimate of the difference is approximately zero). Furthermore, when we benchmark these treatments against a standard get out the vote message, we estimate that both are less effective at increasing turnout than a much shorter basic mobilization message. In our conclusion, we detail how our study differs from the work by Bryan et al. and discuss how our results might be interpreted.

scholarly journals Testing the Relationship of Employee Empowerment and Organisational Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Gibriel Badjie ◽  
Armanu Thoyib ◽  
Djumilah Hadiwidjojo ◽  
Ainur Rofiq
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Employee Empowerment ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Relationship

The research aimed to test the new measures of employee empowerment in a collectively social oriented society. The study applied questionnaire-based survey to obtain data and test the relationship between employee empowerment and organisational performance. A total of 80 completed questionnaires from the senior HR personnel from 40 organisations in the Gambia took part in the survey. Ten employees were engaged in a face-to-face interview, 2 private and 8 public organisations from among the 40 organisations that participated.  Both SPSS and SmartPLS were utilised to analyse data. MGA is used to determine the difference private and public organisations. The study has indicated a significant relationship between employee empowerment and organisational performance. The findings revealed a small but not significant difference between the private and public organisations in their definition of employee empowerment in the Gambia based on MGA report. The findings discovered that the social nature of employees cannot be disputed, and a strong recognition of employees promotes organisation performance. HR department and organisational flexibility relates more to employee’s empowerment and has effect on attitude and behaviour. The study recommends further large-scale research in other environments outside the Gambia.

scholarly journals Nutrient Removal by Grain in Modern Soybean Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Esper Neto ◽  
Lorena Moreira Lara ◽  
Silas Maciel de Oliveira ◽  
Rayssa Fernanda dos Santos ◽  
Alessandro Lucca Braccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Knowing the nutrient removal by soybean grain harvest in different varieties, locations, and over time is essential to correctly adjust agronomic recommendations, update farmers’ practices, and increase nutrient use efficiency. A field-based research trial was carried out to assess macronutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S)] removed in grain by modern soybean varieties from southern Brazil introduced between 2007 and 2016. We examined changes between our set of modern varieties and a dataset of historical values encompassing a wide range of varieties introduced before 2007. Moreover, we undertook a synthesis analysis using scientific literature published after 2007 to investigate nutrient removal by grain among modern Brazilian soybeans and a dataset that included field trials from Argentina, United States, and India. There were no yield gains across the years for modern soybean varieties introduced among 2007 and 2016 in Brazil, although the grain N and Mg concentrations decreased. Modern Brazilian soybeans increased nutrient removal compared with that by soybeans historically planted in Brazil, with 11.1, 26.9, 45.0, and 31.6% more N, P, K, and Mg removed, respectively. Our results indicated that soybean growing in Brazil removed 4.3% less N relative to the values reported in the literature dataset, whereas K removal was 21.4% greater. A significant difference was also recorded for high-yield soybean varieties, and Brazilian varieties removed 11.8% less N and 8.6% more K than varieties in the literature dataset. No differences were found among locations for P removal, averaging 4.9 kg Mg–1 grain. In conclusion, this study indicates that the amounts of nutrients removed by modern soybean varieties were greater relative to the historical values recorded in Brazil, excluding Ca and S. Nonetheless, in the middle to long term (10 years), a significant impact of plant breeding on grain nutrient concentration was recorded only for N and Mg. The difference in nutrient removal patterns between Brazil and other countries indicates an integrated effect of management, genotype, and environment on nutrient removal. These findings provide guidance for optimal nutrient management and specific information for plant breeding programs to understand nutrient variability.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Antimicrobial-Impregnated Catheters for Prevention of Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Patients: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Lai ◽  
Xuan Yue
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Catheter Colonization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neonatal Population

Background: Multiple Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial-impregnated catheters to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). However, the RCTs showed contradictory results, the studies were limited in sample size and methodology quality. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to overcome these RCT limitations.Methods: We designed a meta-analysis of RCTs comparing antimicrobial-impregnated and conventional catheters for the prevention of CRBSI. We conducted a detailed search of various databases for RCTs published before November 2019. We calculated mean differences (MDs) and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model.Results: We included five RCTs with a total of 2,294 patients. The incidence of CRBSI between the two groups was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.19–1.27), with evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 55%). The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). On subgroup analysis based on the age of the sample, there was no difference in the rate of CRBSI in the neonatal population [0.42 (95% CI, 0.08–2.27 I2 = 61% p = 0.31] as well as pediatric population [0.45 (95% CI, 0.12–1.67 I2 = 39% p = 0.23]. The summary OR on the incidence of catheter colonization between antimicrobial-impregnated and conventional catheters was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.17–2.35), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 0%) and a non-significant difference (p = 0.50).Conclusions: To conclude, analysis of a limited number of heterogeneous studies mostly with a small sample indicates that the CRBSI and catheter colonization rates are similar between conventional and antimicrobial-impregnated catheters in the pediatric and neonatal population. There is an urgent need for large-scale RCTs focusing on different antimicrobial-impregnated catheters in these patients to further enhance current evidence.

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