Nutrient Removal by Grain in Modern Soybean Varieties

Knowing the nutrient removal by soybean grain harvest in different varieties, locations, and over time is essential to correctly adjust agronomic recommendations, update farmers’ practices, and increase nutrient use efficiency. A field-based research trial was carried out to assess macronutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S)] removed in grain by modern soybean varieties from southern Brazil introduced between 2007 and 2016. We examined changes between our set of modern varieties and a dataset of historical values encompassing a wide range of varieties introduced before 2007. Moreover, we undertook a synthesis analysis using scientific literature published after 2007 to investigate nutrient removal by grain among modern Brazilian soybeans and a dataset that included field trials from Argentina, United States, and India. There were no yield gains across the years for modern soybean varieties introduced among 2007 and 2016 in Brazil, although the grain N and Mg concentrations decreased. Modern Brazilian soybeans increased nutrient removal compared with that by soybeans historically planted in Brazil, with 11.1, 26.9, 45.0, and 31.6% more N, P, K, and Mg removed, respectively. Our results indicated that soybean growing in Brazil removed 4.3% less N relative to the values reported in the literature dataset, whereas K removal was 21.4% greater. A significant difference was also recorded for high-yield soybean varieties, and Brazilian varieties removed 11.8% less N and 8.6% more K than varieties in the literature dataset. No differences were found among locations for P removal, averaging 4.9 kg Mg–1 grain. In conclusion, this study indicates that the amounts of nutrients removed by modern soybean varieties were greater relative to the historical values recorded in Brazil, excluding Ca and S. Nonetheless, in the middle to long term (10 years), a significant impact of plant breeding on grain nutrient concentration was recorded only for N and Mg. The difference in nutrient removal patterns between Brazil and other countries indicates an integrated effect of management, genotype, and environment on nutrient removal. These findings provide guidance for optimal nutrient management and specific information for plant breeding programs to understand nutrient variability.

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The Research on the Mechanical Property of CBF/PP Composite Board

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1063 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 150-151 ◽

pp. 1063-1067

Author(s):

Fei Fei Zhu ◽

Zhi Li Zhong ◽

Zong Fu Guo

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Property ◽

Polypropylene Fiber ◽

Basalt Fiber ◽

Variance Analysis ◽

Forming Process ◽

Composite Board ◽

Actual Application ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

The three composite boards which were made of continuous basalt fiber (CBF) and polypropylene fiber (PP) in different fiber ratios were researched on this paper. The manufacturing forming process included blending, carding, web formation, laminating and compression molding orderly. The tension and bending properties were investigated experimentally, and then dual variance analysis was used to show the significant difference of the mechanical property in the transverse and longitudinal orientation as well the appreciable impact of different fiber ratios to the mechanical property. The results show that the difference of the tension and blending strength in the same direction, among composite boards in different fiber proportions, is about 1~10Mpa; the difference in the same fiber proportion, between transverse and longitudinal, vary within a wide range from 10Mpa to 30Mpa. The results of variance analysis have also proved the conclusion, the difference between transverse and longitudinal is more significant than the difference among different fiber proportions. In the similar study, the significance hadn’t been seen sufficiently, so this paper provides reference to the actual application of the composite board.

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Mycotoxins in organically versus conventionally produced cereal grains and some other crops in temperate regions

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2016.2040 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 755-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. Brodal ◽

I.S. Hofgaard ◽

G.S. Eriksen ◽

A. Bernhoft ◽

L. Sundheim

Keyword(s):

Farming Systems ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Field Trials ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Organic System ◽

Mycotoxin Contamination ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Apple Products ◽

Low Levels ◽

The Difference

This paper presents peer-reviewed studies comparing the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2+T-2 toxins, zearalenone (ZEA), nivalenol (NIV), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins in cereal grains, and patulin (PAT) in apple and apple-based products, produced in organically and conventionally grown crops in temperate regions. Some of the studies are based on data from controlled field trials, however, most are farm surveys and some are food basket surveys. Almost half of the studies focused on DON in cereals. The majority of these studies found no significant difference in DON content in grain from the two farming systems, but several studies showed lower DON content in organically than in conventionally produced cereals. A number of the investigations reported low DON levels in grain, far below the EU limits for food. Many authors suggested that weather conditions, years, locations, tillage practice and crop rotation are more important for the development of DON than the type of farming. Organically produced oats contained mainly lower levels of HT-2+T-2 toxins than conventionally produced oats. Most studies on ZEA reported no differences between farming systems, or lower concentrations in organically produced grain. For the other mycotoxins in cereals, mainly low levels and no differences between the two farming systems were reported. Some studies showed higher PAT contamination in organically than in conventionally produced apple and apple products. The difference may be due to more efficient disease control in conventional orchards. It cannot be concluded that any of the two farming systems increases the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Despite no use of fungicides, an organic system appears generally able to maintain mycotoxin contamination at low levels. More systematic comparisons from scientifically controlled field trials and surveys are needed to clarify if there are differences in the risk of mycotoxin contamination between organically and conventionally produced crops.

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Superiority of a vitamin B12-containing emollient compared to a standard emollient in the maintenance treatment of mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/0394632017736674 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 439-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ester Del Duca ◽

Francesca Farnetani ◽

Nathalie De Carvalho ◽

Ugo Bottoni ◽

Giovanni Pellacani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plaque Psoriasis ◽

Severity Index ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Psoriasis Area Severity Index ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Therapy Option ◽

The Difference ◽

Time Point ◽

Emollient Cream

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2%–3% of the population. The wide range of drugs currently available for its treatment could be associated, in the long term, with organ toxicity and adverse events, thus, clinical monitoring throughout treatment is required. This investigator-initiated trial (IIT) evaluated the efficacy and the safety of a vitamin B12-containing ointment in comparison with glycerol-petrolatum-based emollient cream used twice a day to treat mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis for a period over 12 weeks followed by a wash-out observation period of 4 weeks. This study was conducted as a randomized, controlled, single-blind, intra-patient left- to right-side trial comparing the efficacy and safety of vitamin B12-containing ointment (M-treatment) with a glycerol-petrolatum-based emollient cream (C-treatment). The Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was determined at baseline (T0), at time points T2 (14 days), T4 (4 weeks), T8 (8 weeks), T12 (12 weeks) and 4 weeks after the end of the wash-out period (F1). In total, 24 patients with plaque psoriasis were randomized to receive left- or right-side treatment with B12 ointment. From time point T2 to time point F1, there was a statistically significant difference in PASI reduction between M-treatment side and C-treatment side. At time point T 12, the difference between the mean reductions from baseline PASI scores by 5.92 ± 2.49 (87, 6%) in the M-treatment side versus 1.08 ± 1.02 (23, 1%) C-treatment side was statistically highly significant ( PWex < 0.001). On the contemporary panorama in the treatment of psoriasis, we conclude that vitamin B12 ointment will represent a new concrete therapy option and should be considered in the update of therapeutic algorithm for the treatment of psoriasis

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Running Performance and Hormonal, Maturity and Physical Variables in Starting and Non-Starting Elite U14 Soccer Players During a Congested Match Schedule

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2021-0096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 287-295

Author(s):

Vinicius Zanetti ◽

Marcelo Saldanha Aoki ◽

Paul Bradley ◽

Christopher Carling ◽

Thomas Kisil Marino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Running Performance ◽

Salivary Testosterone ◽

Youth Soccer ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Biological Maturity ◽

Test Level

Abstract This study examined changes in match running performance (MRP) in Under-14 soccer players (13.5 ± 0.7 yrs) during a congested match schedule (CMS) (4 matches played within a 5-day period). It also examined the difference in salivary testosterone (sT) concentration, somatic maturation, jumping tests, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) between the players selected to play (SLG; group who participated in all matches) and players non-selected to play (NSG). A significant difference was observed for the frequency of decelerations (DEC) across matches (match 4 vs. matches 1, 2 and 3; p = 0.05; partial ƞ2 = 0.20). No difference between matches was observed for total running distance (TRD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), and frequency of accelerations (ACC) (p > 0.05). A wide range for within-player coefficient of variation (CV) values was observed for all MRP variables (range: 10.5 = TRD to 30.6 = HSRD). No difference between SLG and NSG for any of the assessed variables was observed (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that DEC was the most pertinent variable for monitoring changes in MRP during the CMS. In addition, at an elite youth soccer level, the biological maturity and fitness might not influence selection to play.

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Perbedaan kadar caffeic acid phenethyl ester pada propolis ekstrak etanol dan propolis ekstrak air

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f110203 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

RIANI DWI HASTUTI ◽

DIDING PRASETYO ◽

SRI HARTATI HADINOTO

Keyword(s):

Caffeic Acid ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽

Rat Aorta ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The Difference

Hastuti RD, Prasetyo D, Hadinoto SH. 2013. The difference of caffeic acid phenethyl ester level in ethanol extract propolis and water extract propolis. Biofarmasi 11: 43-47. Propolis is a natural product derived from plant resin collected by honeybeen and its composition has wide range of biological activity. CAPE is the ester of caffeic acid, a derivative of phenolic acid, a flavonoid-like compound, one of the major components of propolis. CAPE is reported can protect nephrotoxicity due to cisplatin induction, inhibiting the growth of various types of abnormal cells, having an anti-inflammation activity, antioxidant activity, cyclooxygenase activity, vasodilatation activity in rat aorta, potential inhibitor of nitric oxidant, inhibitor oxidative process, and effectively suppress the growth of cataract in rat. Propolis can not be used as raw material, and it must be purified by extraction with solvent. Different solvents may extract different compounds, influencing its activity. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference levels of CAPE in ethanol extract propolis and water extract propolis. This research was a pure experimental research using the post-test only design. The sample of this research was raw propolis taken from bees farming in Gejen RT. 03 RW. 02, Kerjo, Karanganyar. Sampling was performed by a purposive sampling. Sample was extracted with a maserasion method with the solvents of ethanol and water. In each extract propolis was made five samples. The determination of the level of CAPE on propolis was performed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with Prussian Blue method. The data of the level of CAPE was analyzed by the statistical test of independent t-test. The results showed that the average of CAPE level in ethanol extract propolis was 12.268Â±0.658 Î¼g/mL and the average of CAPE level in water extract propolis was 5.564Â±0.332 Î¼g/mL, with p=0.125 (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between extract ethanol propolis and water extract propolis.

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Genotype and environment interaction of drought tolerant rice genotypes evaluated in drought prone areas of Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v14i1.30592 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

RR Majumder ◽

TR Hore ◽

MA Kader ◽

TL Aditya

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Principal Component ◽

Field Trials ◽

High Yield ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Growth Duration ◽

Yield Data ◽

Wide Range ◽

Rice Genotypes

Field trials were conducted using ten rice genotypes including four national and international check varieties under drought prone rainfed environments of Rangpur, Nilphamari, Kurigram and Lalmonirhat districts of Bangladesh in Transplant Aman 2012 season to evaluate the growth duration and grain yield stability as well as adaptability. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth duration and Grain yield data were subjected to Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis. The mean growth duration of 10 genotypes over four environments showed that the longest growth duration was found for IR83383-B-B-129-4 (115.6 days) and the lowest growth duration was found for BRRI dhan56 (Ck) (113.4 days). IR82635-B-B-145-1 produced maximum 4.28 t/ha grain yield followed by 4.28 t/ha in IR82589-B-B-84-3 and the lowest grain yield was recorded for IR83376-B-B-130-2 with 3.24 t/ha. It was evident from the AMMI 1 biplot analysis that IR83377-B-B-93- 3, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR82635-B-B-75-2 and BRRI dhan56 (Ck) generally exhibited high yield with high main (additive) effects showing positive first principal component of the interaction (IPCA1), but IR82635-B-B-145-1 being the overall best. Hence, IR82635-B-B-145-1 was identified as specially adapted to Lalmonirhat and this environment was considered as the wide range suitable environment for the genotype. Lalmonirhat could be regarded as a good selection site for rice improvement due to stable yields. IR83377-B-B-93-3, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IRRI 123 (Ck), BRRI dhan57 (Ck) and BINA dhan7 (Ck) were hardly affected by the G × E interaction and would perform well across a wide range of environments. In AMMI 2 biplot, IR82635-B-B-145-1 and IRRI 123 (Ck) was more responsive since they were away from the origin whereas other genotypes were nearer to the origin and hence they were more stable to different environments. IR83383-B-B-129-4 was very close to the origin, so it was more stable to different environments. Similarly Rangpur Sadar and Lalmonirhat showed similar potentiality over IR83383-B-B-129-4. The study it revealed that IR83377-B-B-93-3, IR83383-B-B-129-4, IR82635-B-B-145-1, IR82635-B-B-75-2 and IR82589-B-B-84-3 has the potentiality to show drought tolerance for the regions and might be suitable for releasing as a variety after conducting proper yield evaluation trials and Distinction, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) tests.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 23-30, June 2016

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The Effect of Plant Density on the Yield of Sunflower Hybrid’s in 2001-2002

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/10/3492 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 184-189

Author(s):

András Szabó ◽

Péter Pepó ◽

László Zsombik

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Plant Density ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Field Trials ◽

Infection Level ◽

Optimal Density ◽

Diaporthe Helianthi ◽

High Plant Density ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Nowadays, for increasing efficiency of sunflower production treating hybrid-specific technologies was required. Increasing of hybrid choice gave reasons for trials in respects of critical factors, as well as in case of genotype-enviroment interactions. The effect of changing plant density show up as determinant factor which affects on yield as well as on plant hygienic conditions. Trials were established on calcareous chernozem soil (Hajdú-Bihar county), in 2001-2002. The field trials were randomized, in four repetition on small parcels. The plant density trials were established in 35.000-75.000 plant/hectar interval using a scale of 10.000 plant/hectar. 10 hybrids were used in both year.In 2001, 55.000 plant/hectar density was the optimal, in case of most of the hybrids. The yield of tested hybrids did not show significant difference. Yield decreasing effect of using less than optimal density was more significant than in case of using optimal plant density. In 2002, the optimal density was in 45.000-65.000 plant/hectar interval, there was no possibility to find narrower optimum.Presence of Diaporthe helianthi and the damage caused by the pathogen was significant in 1997-1999, whereas in 2001-2002 the large-scale appearance of the pathogen did not occur. In 2001, the affect of high plant density on disease caused by Diaporthe helianthi showed just tendency-like appearance, in 2002, the infection showed up just in the end of the vegetation period, without significant damage. In spite of the low infection level, the difference between the infection of the diverse plant density treatment was significant. Increasing plant density made increase the frequency of the Diaporthe helianthi infection. The rate of the flower diseases was around 3-16% in 2001, the highest infection level emerged in 65.000-75.000 plant/hectar density, whereas in 2002, the rate of infection level was less than 10%. The increasing plant density helped the development of flower diseases.

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Production and Profitability of Hybrid Rice Is Influenced by Different Nutrient Management Practices

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture12010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Ram Datta Bhatta ◽

Mahendra Paudel ◽

Kishor Ghimire ◽

Khem Raj Dahal ◽

Lal Prasad Amgain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Management Practices ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Management Practice ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Government

The government of Nepal has recommended blanket fertilizer application for rice cultivation, which results in lower nutrient use efficiency (NUE) particularly under rainfed conditions. With the aim of finding an appropriate nutrient management practices concerning rice production and profitability, a field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2017 and 2018 at Kavrepalanchowk and Dang district of Nepal. Altogether, five treatments comprising various nutrient management practices viz. Nutrient Expert Model (NE), use of Leaf Color Chart (LCC), Government Recommended Fertilizer Dose (GON), Farm Yard Manure (FYM), and Farmers’ Field Practice (FFP), were laid out in RCBD with four replications in farmers’ fields. The analysis of variance showed significant difference between treatments for test weight and grain yield in Kavrepalanchowk whereas all traits except number of effective tillers were significant in Dang. The significantly higher grain yield and harvest index were obtained in NE, followed by LCC; and the overall straw yield was highest in LCC, followed by NE in both the locations. Also, yield gap analysis suggested the NE had 44.44% and 23.97% increase in yield as compared to FPP in Kavrepalanchowk and Dang, respectively. The combined analysis with Best Linear Unbiased Estimator revealed the interaction of nutrient management and location significantly effects the straw yield and harvest index across both the locations. The estimated mean straw yield and harvest index were 10.93 t/ha and 34.98%, respectively. Both correlation study and biplot of principal component analysis signaled grain yield had positive correlation with all other traits. Furthermore, the net revenue was maximum for NE, followed by LCC in both the locations. The benefit: cost ratio was highest for NE which was 1.55 in Kavrepalanchowk and 2.61 in Dang. On the basis of these findings, NE and LCC can be effectively used as nutrient management practice by the farmers to obtain maximum production and profitability in Rice.

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Boosting Rice Production Through Narrowing of Exploitable Yield Gap

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v18i2.51117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 167-180

Author(s):

MB Hossain

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

New Technologies ◽

High Yield ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Credit System ◽

Yield Gap ◽

Integrated Crop Management ◽

The Difference

The yield gap discussed in this paper is the difference between the potential farm yield and the actual average farm yield of rice is 1.92 t ha-1 in Bangladesh. The yield gap is mainly caused by physical, biophysical, socioeconomic and institutional factors. Different strategies, such as integrated crop management (improve adapted varieties, site specific nutrient management, locally adapted integrated weed management and optimized water management) practices, timely supply of inputs including credit to farmers, research and extension collaboration to transfer the new technologies have been discussed to minimize yield gap. Suggestions have been made to make credit available to resourcepoor small farmers to buy necessary inputs, reducing transaction cost, simplifying lending procedures and strengthening monitoring mechanism of the current credit system are, however, essential to enable the farmers to avail the credit facility. Efforts should be made to update farmers’ knowledge on the causes of yield gaps in crops and measures to narrow the gaps through training, demonstrations, field visits and monitoring by extension agencies to achieve high yield. Based on present yield gap of rice (1.92 t ha-1) at least Tk. 556 billion could be earned from the additional production annually by narrowing 40 % the yield gap. SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 167-180 (2020)

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Negro Cotaxtla-91, nueva variedad de frijol para las zonas tropicales de Veracruz

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v4i0.25174 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Ernesto López S. ◽

J. Raúl Rodríguez R. ◽

Enrique Noé Becerra L. ◽

Octavio Cano R.

Keyword(s):

Field Trials ◽

High Yield ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Uniform Field ◽

New Variety ◽

Selection Procedures ◽

Black Bean ◽

Wide Range ◽

Black Seeds

The most common black seeds employed by the farmers in Veracruz state are the small and dull black seed varieties. By the end of 1991, a new black bean seed variety was released for the tropical region, the black bean Cotaxtla-91. This variety had an average yield of 1477 kg/ha, compared with Jamapa and Negro Huasteco-81 varieties, which yielded 1252 and 1307 kg/ha respectively. These results were obtained from 1987 to 1990, as a result of 14 uniform field trials. The black bean, Cotaxtla-91, was bred at the Cotaxtla Experimental Station in 1983; obtained from a simple two line cross, the D- 149 by 1397. It was later improved by means of individual and mass selection procedures until a good uniformity, high yield and wide range of adaptabilily was obtained. This new variety has an undeterminated growth habit, a bush type plant with intermediate shoots and height fluctuating from 75 to 82 cm. The flowering starts around the 43th day and the harvesting period varies from 90-93 days after planting; this new variety is resistant to rust and shows tolerance to the presence of bean golde n mosaic virus (BGMV).

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