scholarly journals Model Experiment Analysis of the Antioxidant Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid

2007 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Anikó Borosné Győri ◽  
Rozália Salamon ◽  
János Gundel ◽  
Zoltán Győri ◽  
Szidónia Salamon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
Long Period ◽  
High Level

Corn milled like flour was crumbled with 5% butter containing a high level of conjugated linoleic acid, then kept exposed to air on an aluminium tray at a layer of 1 cm thickness. Its acid number, peroxide number and fatty acid composition were measured weekly. It was established that during a 24 week long period, there was very little change in the composition of fatty acids, but after this, in parallel with the increasing acid number and peroxide number, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids decreased, while those values for saturated fatty acids did not change considerably. With these investigations, the authors proved the antioxidant effect of conjugated linoleic acid.

scholarly journals Profile of ingested fatty acids and in the duodenal digest of steers fed different diets

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2502-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes ◽  
Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
Raul Dirceu Pazdiora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Conventional Diet

It was evaluated in this study the effect of the type of the diet on duodenal flow of long-chain fatty acids in steers. The tested diets were the following: conventional (feedlot diet composed of 60% corn silage and 40% of concentrate); winter forage silage - rye grass (Lolium multiflorum, Lam); or tropical forage silage - association of millet (Pennisetum americanum, Leeke + alexander grass, Brachiaria plantaginea). Six Charolais × Nellore crossbred steers with cannulas in duodenum were used in a 3 × 3 double Latin square. Dry material intake was similar among the groups (mean of 4,037 g/day), but the intake of total fatty acids and saturated fatty acids were higher in the group fed tropical pasture silage. On the other hand, the animals which received the conventional diet consumed higher quantity of unsaturated fatty acids. Tropical pasture silage provided higher consumption of vacenic acid (C18:1 t-11) and the winter forage silage offered higher consumption of conjugated linoleic acid. The intake of omega-6 fatty acids was higher in the group fed conventional diet and for omega-3, intake was higher in the group fed tropical pasture diet. The total fatty acid flow in the duodenum was not affected by the diets, but in all treatments it was higher than the consumed one. The animals fed diet with concentrate show the greatest changes on the profile of fatty acids during the ruminal fermentation. Conventional diets provide the highest intake of unsaturated fatty acids and the highest availability of vacenic acid in the small intestine, but they do not increase the supply of intestinal conjugated linoleic acid.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content in Different Carcass parts of Dağlıç Lambs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Karabacak ◽  
İbrahim Aytekin ◽  
Saim Boztepe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content

This study was conducted to compare fatty acid composition and content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in different regions of sheep carcasses. Lambs of the Dağlıç breed were used for this purpose. Subsequent to a 68-day period of intensive fattening, fatty acids were examined in samples taken from the legs, shoulders, breasts, and ribs of lamb carcasses. According to the analysis, in leg, shoulder, breast, and rib, respectively, total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were found to be 40.38, 42.69, 42.56, and 40.27%, unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found to be 40.38, 44.17, 46.17, and 49.50%, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be 4.79, 4.29, 3.80, and 3.72%, and CLAs were found to be 1.49, 1.69, 1.53, and 1.59%.

Development of batch processing to obtain bioactive materials from pork byproducts

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Seung Yun Lee ◽  
Sung Yeoul Yoon ◽  
Da Young Lee ◽  
On You Kim ◽  
Hyeong Sang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Batch Processing ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Collagen Peptides

The purpose of this study was to develop batch-processing methods for the extraction of collagen, peptides and heparin, and synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid from pork byproducts. The first steps in utilisation of byproducts involved washing, followed by grinding and mixing, then separation into protein and lipids. The 6% yield of collagen and 4% yield of peptides were extracted from the protein. The lipids were separated into saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and then the 20% yield by synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid from crude lipids and the 2.5% yield of ursodeoxycholic acid from a gallbladder extract were obtained (with extraction of heparin from ground byproducts). Whole blood was used instead of water for grinding byproducts to increase blood utilisation. Moreover, waste from extraction, filtering, and centrifugation was reused several times. These results suggest that the batch processing developed for extraction and synthesis of bioactive materials can utilise >80% (dry base) of pork byproducts. This could not only reduce waste disposal and cost but also improve the efficiency of byproduct utilisation.

scholarly journals Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

scholarly journals Manipulation of the fatty acids composition of poultry meat and giblets by dietary inclusion of two oil sources and conjugated linoleic acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1388-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. Zanini ◽  
E. Vicente ◽  
G.L. Colnago ◽  
B.M.S. Pessotti ◽  
M.A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Breast Meat

The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in association with two vegetable oil sources on the fatty acids of meat and giblets of broiler chickens was evaluated. Two hundred 21-day-old broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized factorial design 2 x 5 (two oil sources, soybean or canola oil; and five levels of CLA, 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0g/kg). The addition of CLA to the diet resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in CLA deposition in the analyzed tissues. CLA supplementation also reduced (P<0.05) the rate of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in thigh, breast, heart, and gizzard. There was interaction of CLA x oil source (P<0.05). The intake of soybean oil, associated with increasing CLA, resulted in an increase in lipid deposition in edible portions as observed by an increase in the overall content of fatty acids, including CLA, while the use of canola oil, associated with increasing CLA in the diet, resulted in a decrease in lipid content in edible portions, specifically regarding that of saturated fat (P<0.05) in breast meat and liver and in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) in thigh, breast, liver, and gizzard.

Effect of dietary fat supplements on levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids,transacids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Offer ◽  
M. Marsden ◽  
J. Dixon ◽  
B. K. Speake ◽  
F. E. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fat Supplements

AbstractThe effects of three fat supplements on milk yield and composition were measured using 12 mid-lactation in-calf Hoistein-Friesian cows in a balanced incomplete change-over design over three periods each of 3 weeks. All cows received a basal diet consisting of 36 kg/day grass silage (dry matter (DM) 270 g/kg, metabolizable energy (ME) 11·6 MJ/kg DM) and 7 kg/day o f a concentrate mixture containing (g/kg) rolled barley (501), molassed sugar-beet pulp shreds (277), soya-bean meal (208) and a standard cow mineral supplement (14). Treatments were CON (control-no supplement); LIN and FISH (250 gl day of either linseed oil or marine oil, providing approximately 0·046 of ME intake) or TOA (95 glday of tuna orbital oil, providing 0·018 of total ME intake).There were no significant effects on silage DM intake or milk yield (means 9·25 and 17·2 kg/day respectively). The FISH and TOA treatments depressed (F < 0·05) milk fat concentration (45·4, 44·6, 34·5 and 41·6 (s.e.d. 1·08) g/kg for CON, LIN, FISH and TOA respectively; note — the same treatment order is used for all results quoted). Compared with values for CON, yield of f at (glday) was significantly (F < 0·05) greater for LIN and significantly lower for FISH (739, 808, 572 and 732, s.e.d. 28·7). All three oil supplements reduced (F < 0·05) milk protein content (33·6, 32·5, 30·6 and 32·4 (s.e.d. 0·43) g/kg) but, apart from a small increase for LIN, protein yield (glday) was unaffected (545, 586, 510 and 574, s.e.d. 20·2).The concentrations (g/100 g) of short-chain fatty acids (< C14) and C16 : 0 in milk f at were lower (F < 0·05) for LIN than for the other treatments. All supplements increased the concentrations ofC18:1 (F < 0·05), the value for LIN being greater (F < 0·05) than for the other treatments (21·0, 27·2, 25·3 and 23·7, s.e.d. 0·74). The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the concentrations of long chain (< C2O) (n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (0·19, 0·17, 0·49 and 0·27, s.e.d. 0·026) but less than proportionately 0·03 of dietary intake of these acids was transferred to milk, probably because they were found to be mostly in the phospholipid and cholesterol ester fractions of plasma. The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the percentages of total trans fatty acids in milk fat (1·13, 2·19, 10·26 and 3·62, s.e.d. 0·728) whilst a significant (F < 0·05) increase in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was observed only for FISH (0·16, 0·28, 1·55, and 0·52, s.e.d. 0·154). Concentrations of CLA and total trans acids in milk were highly correlated (r = 0·91, no. =36, F < 0·001) whilst trans acids in milk were inversely correlated with milk fat content (r = -0·63, no. = 36, F < 0·001) supporting the theory that milk fat depression may be caused by increased supply of trans fatty acids to the mammary gland. The health implications of these changes in milk fat composition are discussed.

Effect of ewe feeding system (grass v. concentrate) on intramuscular fatty acids of lambs raised exclusively on maternal milk

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Valvo ◽  
M. Lanza ◽  
M. Bella ◽  
V. Fasone ◽  
M. Scerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Trans Vaccenic Acid

AbstractTwenty pregnant Comisana ewes were divided into two groups of 10. One group was allowed to graze a vetch pasture (grass). The second group of animals was housed collectively in a pen and was given hay and concentrates (concentrate). After lambing, all the ewes were allowed to stay with the respective lambs between 18:00 h and 07:00 h of the following day in two different pens. Therefore all the lambs were raised exclusively on maternal milk. The lambs were slaughtered at 38 days of age. Milk and lamb meat (longissimus dorsi muscle) fatty acids were analysed. Ewes on grass produced milk with a lower (P < 0·001) proportion of saturated fatty acids and with a higher proportion of both monounsaturated (P < 0·05) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P < 0·01) than ewes given concentrates. Trans-vaccenic acid was significantly higher (P < 0·001) in milk from grass-fed animals compared with ewes given concentrates. Linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6) tended to be higher (P = 0·06) in milk from ewes on concentrates while linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3) was significantly higher (P < 0·001) in milk from animals grazing pasture. Conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 C18: 2) was almost double in milk from grass-fed ewes compared with animals given concentrates (P < 0·001). Regarding lamb tissue, trans-vaccenic acid (C18: 1 trans-11) was higher (P = 0·01) in the fat from lambs raised by grazing ewes. Linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6) was at higher concentration (P < 0·001) in the fat from lambs raised by ewes given concentrates. Linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3) was increased three-fold (P < 0·001) in the fat of lambs from the grass group compared with lambs suckled by ewes given concentrates. The isomer cis-9, trans-11 of conjugated linoleic acid was present at double concentration (P < 0·001) in the fat from animals raised by grazing ewes. Eicosapentaenoic (C20: 5 n-3; EPA) and docosaesaenoic (C22: 6 n-3; DHA) acids were higher (respectively P < 0·001 and P = 0·01) in the intramuscular fat from lambs from the grass group compared with animals from the concentrate group. The n-6/n-3 ratio was lower (P < 0·001) in the meat from lambs raised by grazing ewes. Overall this trial showed that ewe feeding system strongly affects intramuscular fatty acids even in lambs raised exclusively on maternal milk.

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Profil Asam Lemak Minyak Ikan dari Kepala dan Tulang Ikan Tuna (Thunnus albacares)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Daniel A N Apituley ◽  
Raja Bonan Dolok Sormin ◽  
Esterlina E E M Nanlohy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Thunnus Albacares

This study was aimed to determine the physical and chemical quality as well as the fatty acid profile of fish oil from the waste of the head and the bones of Thunnus albacares. An experimental method was applied in this research. Observed variables included yield, density, acid number, saponification value, iodine number, TBA value, as well as fatty acid profile. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the oil from the head and bone of the fish, i.e., yield 12,11% and 9.85%, density 0.92 mg/mL, and 0.90 mg/mL, respectively. The chemical characteristics of the oil from head and bones of tuna were acid number 2.10 mg KOH/g and 2.88 mg KOH/g, iodine number 88.80 mg KOH/g and 77.67 mg KOH/g; saponification number 178.80 mg KOH/g and 145.50 mg KOH/g, TBA values 1.80 mg KOH/kg and 1.29 mg KOH/kg, subsequently. Unsaturated fatty acids were found to dominate oil from the head and bones of tuna. Tuna head contained 25 types of fatty acids consisting of 10 types of saturated fatty acids (SFA) 20.8% w/w, seven types of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 11.92% w/w, eight polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 35.98% w/w. In comparison, tuna bones contained 26 types of fatty acids consisting of 11 SFA 19.69% w/w, seven MUFA 10.80% w/w, and 8 PUFA 26.21% w/w. Keywords: fatty acid, fish oil, Thunnus albacares, waste of head and bone   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas fisik maupun kimiawi serta profil asam lemak minyak limbah ikan dari kepala dan tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus albacares). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen. Parameter yang diamati yaitu: rendemen, berat jenis minyak, bilangan penyabunan, bilangan iodin, bilangan Tiobarbituric Acid (TBA) serta profil asam lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik fisik dari kepala dan tulang ikan berturut-turut adalah: rendemen 12,11 dan 9,85%; berat jenis minyak 0,92 mg/mL dan 0,90 mg/mL. Karakteristik kimia dari kepala dan tulang ikan tuna adalah berturut-turut: bilangan asam 2,10 mg KOH/g dan 2,88 mg KOH/g; bilangan iod 88,80 mg KOH/g dan 77,67 mg KOH/g; bilangan penyabunan 178,80 mg KOH/g dan 145,50 mg KOH/g; nilai TBA 1,80 mg KOH/kg dan 1,29 mg KOH/kg. Asam lemak tidak jenuh mendominasi minyak dari kepala maupun tulang ikan Tuna. Kepala ikan tuna mengandung 25 jenis asam lemak terdiri dari 10 jenis asam lemak jenuh (SFA) 20,8% w/w, 7 jenis lemak tak jenuh tunggal (MUFA) 11,92% w/w, 8 asam lemak tak jenuh jamak (PUFA) 35,98% w/w; sedangkan tulang ikan Tuna mengandung 26 jenis asam lemak terdiri dari 11 SFA 19,69% w/w, 7 MUFA 10,80% w/w, dan 8 PUFA 26,21% w/w. Kata kunci: asam lemak, minyak ikan, Thunnus albacares, limbah tulang dan kepala

scholarly journals A New Member of the Escherichia coli fad Regulon: Transcriptional Regulation of fadM (ybaW)

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (20) ◽  
pp. 6320-6328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjun Feng ◽  
John E. Cronan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer ◽  
Linoleic Acid Isomer

ABSTRACT Recently, Nie and coworkers (L. Nie, Y. Ren, A. Janakiraman, S. Smith, and H. Schulz, Biochemistry 47:9618-9626, 2008) reported a new Escherichia coli thioesterase encoded by the ybaW gene that cleaves the thioester bonds of inhibitory acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) by-products generated during β-oxidation of certain unsaturated fatty acids. These authors suggested that ybaW expression might be regulated by FadR, the repressor of the fad (fatty acid degradation) regulon. We report mapping of the ybaW promoter and show that ybaW transcription responded to FadR in vivo. Moreover, purified FadR bound to a DNA sequence similar to the canonical FadR binding site located upstream of the ybaW coding sequence and was released from the promoter upon the addition of long-chain acyl-CoA thioesters. We therefore propose the designation fadM in place of ybaW. Although FadR regulation of fadM expression had the pattern typical of fad regulon genes, its modulation by the cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein-cAMP complex (CRP-cAMP) global regulator was the opposite of that normally observed. CRP-cAMP generally acts as an activator of fad gene expression, consistent with the low status of fatty acids as carbon sources. However, glucose growth stimulated fadM expression relative to acetate growth, as did inactivation of CRP-cAMP, indicating that the complex acts as a negative regulator of this gene. The stimulation of fadM expression seen upon deletion of the gene encoding adenylate cyclase (Δcya) was reversed by supplementation of the growth medium with cAMP. Nie and coworkers also reported that growth on a conjugated linoleic acid isomer yields much higher levels of FadM thioesterase activity than does growth on oleic acid. In contrast, we found that the conjugated linoleic acid isomer was only a weak inducer of fadM expression. Although the gene is not essential for growth, the high basal level of fadM expression under diverse growth conditions suggests that the encoded thioesterase has functions in addition to β-oxidation.

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