Profile of ingested fatty acids and in the duodenal digest of steers fed different diets

It was evaluated in this study the effect of the type of the diet on duodenal flow of long-chain fatty acids in steers. The tested diets were the following: conventional (feedlot diet composed of 60% corn silage and 40% of concentrate); winter forage silage - rye grass (Lolium multiflorum, Lam); or tropical forage silage - association of millet (Pennisetum americanum, Leeke + alexander grass, Brachiaria plantaginea). Six Charolais × Nellore crossbred steers with cannulas in duodenum were used in a 3 × 3 double Latin square. Dry material intake was similar among the groups (mean of 4,037 g/day), but the intake of total fatty acids and saturated fatty acids were higher in the group fed tropical pasture silage. On the other hand, the animals which received the conventional diet consumed higher quantity of unsaturated fatty acids. Tropical pasture silage provided higher consumption of vacenic acid (C18:1 t-11) and the winter forage silage offered higher consumption of conjugated linoleic acid. The intake of omega-6 fatty acids was higher in the group fed conventional diet and for omega-3, intake was higher in the group fed tropical pasture diet. The total fatty acid flow in the duodenum was not affected by the diets, but in all treatments it was higher than the consumed one. The animals fed diet with concentrate show the greatest changes on the profile of fatty acids during the ruminal fermentation. Conventional diets provide the highest intake of unsaturated fatty acids and the highest availability of vacenic acid in the small intestine, but they do not increase the supply of intestinal conjugated linoleic acid.

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Model Experiment Analysis of the Antioxidant Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/26/3046 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Anikó Borosné Győri ◽

Rozália Salamon ◽

János Gundel ◽

Zoltán Győri ◽

Szidónia Salamon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Number ◽

Antioxidant Effect ◽

Peroxide Number ◽

Long Period ◽

High Level

Corn milled like flour was crumbled with 5% butter containing a high level of conjugated linoleic acid, then kept exposed to air on an aluminium tray at a layer of 1 cm thickness. Its acid number, peroxide number and fatty acid composition were measured weekly. It was established that during a 24 week long period, there was very little change in the composition of fatty acids, but after this, in parallel with the increasing acid number and peroxide number, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids decreased, while those values for saturated fatty acids did not change considerably. With these investigations, the authors proved the antioxidant effect of conjugated linoleic acid.

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Fatty Acid Composition and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content in Different Carcass parts of Dağlıç Lambs

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/821904 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Karabacak ◽

İbrahim Aytekin ◽

Saim Boztepe

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Acid Content ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid Content

This study was conducted to compare fatty acid composition and content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in different regions of sheep carcasses. Lambs of the Dağlıç breed were used for this purpose. Subsequent to a 68-day period of intensive fattening, fatty acids were examined in samples taken from the legs, shoulders, breasts, and ribs of lamb carcasses. According to the analysis, in leg, shoulder, breast, and rib, respectively, total saturated fatty acids (SFA) were found to be 40.38, 42.69, 42.56, and 40.27%, unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found to be 40.38, 44.17, 46.17, and 49.50%, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be 4.79, 4.29, 3.80, and 3.72%, and CLAs were found to be 1.49, 1.69, 1.53, and 1.59%.

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Development of batch processing to obtain bioactive materials from pork byproducts

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 316

Author(s):

Seung Yun Lee ◽

Sung Yeoul Yoon ◽

Da Young Lee ◽

On You Kim ◽

Hyeong Sang Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Waste Disposal ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Batch Processing ◽

Bioactive Materials ◽

Collagen Peptides

The purpose of this study was to develop batch-processing methods for the extraction of collagen, peptides and heparin, and synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid from pork byproducts. The first steps in utilisation of byproducts involved washing, followed by grinding and mixing, then separation into protein and lipids. The 6% yield of collagen and 4% yield of peptides were extracted from the protein. The lipids were separated into saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and then the 20% yield by synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid from crude lipids and the 2.5% yield of ursodeoxycholic acid from a gallbladder extract were obtained (with extraction of heparin from ground byproducts). Whole blood was used instead of water for grinding byproducts to increase blood utilisation. Moreover, waste from extraction, filtering, and centrifugation was reused several times. These results suggest that the batch processing developed for extraction and synthesis of bioactive materials can utilise >80% (dry base) of pork byproducts. This could not only reduce waste disposal and cost but also improve the efficiency of byproduct utilisation.

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s ◽

10.15673/gpmf.v20i2.1764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 38-40

Author(s):

A. Levitsky ◽

A. Lapinska ◽

I. Selivanskaya

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

The Body ◽

Regulatory Function ◽

Omega 3 ◽

White Rats ◽

Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

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EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.4.1.31-39 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Siwitri Kadarsih

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords :

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Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02952-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lihong Ma ◽

Xinqi Cheng ◽

Chuan Wang ◽

Xinyu Zhang ◽

Fei Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Gene Network ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Accumulation Pattern ◽

Time Points ◽

Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

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Manipulation of the fatty acids composition of poultry meat and giblets by dietary inclusion of two oil sources and conjugated linoleic acid

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352008000600013 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 1388-1398 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.F. Zanini ◽

E. Vicente ◽

G.L. Colnago ◽

B.M.S. Pessotti ◽

M.A. Silva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Canola Oil ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Breast Meat

The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in association with two vegetable oil sources on the fatty acids of meat and giblets of broiler chickens was evaluated. Two hundred 21-day-old broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized factorial design 2 x 5 (two oil sources, soybean or canola oil; and five levels of CLA, 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0g/kg). The addition of CLA to the diet resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in CLA deposition in the analyzed tissues. CLA supplementation also reduced (P<0.05) the rate of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in thigh, breast, heart, and gizzard. There was interaction of CLA x oil source (P<0.05). The intake of soybean oil, associated with increasing CLA, resulted in an increase in lipid deposition in edible portions as observed by an increase in the overall content of fatty acids, including CLA, while the use of canola oil, associated with increasing CLA in the diet, resulted in a decrease in lipid content in edible portions, specifically regarding that of saturated fat (P<0.05) in breast meat and liver and in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) in thigh, breast, liver, and gizzard.

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Independent effects of dietary linoleic and linolenic fatty acids on the conjugated linoleic acid content of cows’ milk

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800052334 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 163-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

A.L. Lock ◽

P.C. Garnsworthy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Latin Square ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Low Linolenic Acid ◽

Low Linolenic

AbstractIt may be desirable to increase the level of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk as a health benefit in human nutrition. The purpose of this work was to separate the effects of linoleic and linolenic acids on CLA production in dairy cows and to determine to what extent endogenous synthesis contributes to cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration in milk fat. Eight lactating cows and four non-lactating duodenal fistulated cows were used in a 4 ✕ 4 Latin-square design. All cows received a basal diet of grass silage that was supplemented with one of four concentrates, which were designed to differ in their linoleic and linolenic acid contents. The oil components of the concentrates were produced from mixtures of olive, linseed, rape, soya and sunflower oils to produce the four treatments: low linoleic/ low linolenic acid (LL), low linoleic/high linolenic acid (LH), high linoleic/low linolenic acid (HL) and high linoleic/ high linolenic acid (HH). Milk cis-9, trans-11 CLA contents were 0·8, 0·9, 0·9 and 1·1 g/100 g fatty acid methyl esters (P < 0·05) and yields were 5, 7, 7 and 8 g/day (P < 0·05) for the LL, LH, HL and HH treatments, respectively. The yields of trans-C18:1 fatty acids in milk were 19, 22, 21 and 23 g/day (P < 0·05), respectively. Taking the data for the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content and flow of duodenal fluid from the fistulated cows and representing this in terms of dietary intake by the lactating animals, the amounts of cis-9, trans-11 CLA produced in the rumen were calculated to be 0·8, 0·9, 1·2 and 1·1 g/day (P < 0·05) and for trans-C18:1 fatty acids 58, 58, 66 and 69 g/day (P < 0·05). Increasing linoleic and/or linolenic acids in the diet can increase the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content of cows’ milk. Only diets high in linoleic acid increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA production in the rumen. On all four diets, more than 80% of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk was produced endogenously by Δ9-desaturase from trans-11 C18:1 in the mammary gland. Cows on the same diet have different milk fat cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentrations that may be partially explained by differences in Δ9-desaturase activity between cows. Increasing the activity of Δ9-desaturase in the mammary gland may offer greater potential for enhancing the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content of milk fat than increasing cis-9, trans-11 CLA production in the rumen.

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Effect of animal age and gender on fatty acid and elemental composition in Austrian beef applicable for authentication purposes

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-012-0179-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adriána Bednárová ◽

Ján Mocák ◽

Walter Gössler ◽

Margit Velik ◽

Josef Kaufmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Principal Component ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

AbstractThe main aim of the present study was to find differences in the content of fatty acids and variations in elemental composition in beef samples of longissimus dorsi muscle related to cattle age and gender. A further goal was to describe interrelations among the selected variables (descriptors) characterising the samples. For this purpose, an extensive data table was compiled, which contains chemical descriptors specifying forty-six beef samples originating from four well-known Austrian grassland-based beef labels. The following descriptors were investigated: (a) concentrations of 33 fatty acids, (b) concentrations of 19 elements, (c) contents of dry-mass, protein, intramuscular fat, and ash, (d) total content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (e) total contents of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFA and their ratio. The correlation analysis provided a number of statistically significant correlations among the descriptors, which were concordant with the results of the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Furthermore, the effect of age and gender of cattle (both acting as target factors) on the fatty acid content and elemental composition of beef was examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and appropriate non-parametric tests. Several important interrelations among the beef characteristics investigated were also discovered. Finally, the most relevant beef descriptors were utilised in linear discrimination analysis (LDA) for predicting the slaughter age of the cattle for beef authentication.

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