scholarly journals Let's talk about 'One fungus One name'. Changes in the fungal taxonomy

2015 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
György Kövics
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Fungal Taxonomy ◽  
Electronic Publication ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Grant Support ◽  
The One ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
One Fungus One Name ◽  
Name Changes

Mycologists have recorded a few hundred thousand Latin names for fungi and these are thought to refer to 70 000 or so separate species. The use of molecular techniques in fungal taxonomy and systematics in the last 25 years has provided massive amounts of information to clarify phylogenetic relationships, encouraged grant support, and complicated the jobs of classically-trained mycologists. Taxonomists have a reputation for being traditionalists, but the community has recently embraced the modernization of the nomenclatural rules by discarding the requirement for Latin descriptions, endorsing electronic publication, and ending the dual system of nomenclature, viz. teleomorph and anamorph names, which used parallel for the sexual and asexual phases of pleomorphic species. A group of taxonomists accepted ’The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature’ and its basic principle the ’One fungus – one name’ has been incorporated in the Code of Nomenclature (’Melbourne Code’) in 2011. The next, and more difficult step will be to develop community standards for sequence-based classification. As the’One fungus – One name’ theory is a brand-new issue for the Hungarian plant doctors and practical specialists, it seems reasonable to review this to promote conversations between generations in Hungarian language.

scholarly journals Isaria takamizusanensis is the anamorph of Cordyceps ryogamimontana, warranting a new combination, Purpureocillium takamizusanense comb. nov.

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 2459-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Ban ◽  
Yuta Azuma ◽  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Ken-ichiro Suzuki ◽  
Akira Nakagiri
Keyword(s):  
New Combination ◽  
International Code ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Holotype Specimen ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Anamorphic Fungus ◽  
The One ◽  
One Fungus One Name ◽  
International Code Of Nomenclature

The entomogenous anamorphic fungus Isaria takamizusanensis has not been resolved clearly in its teleomorphic state. We succeeded in inducing ascostroma formation by incubating conidiomata of I. takamizusanensis on cicada adults in a moist chamber. We observed the ascostroma and conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on ITS rDNA and EF-1α genes. The morphology of the ascostroma was identical to that of Cordyceps ryogamimontana. In the phylogenetic tree inferred from EF-1α, the isolate from the partspores grouped with nine strains derived from conidia of I. takamizusanensis, which was distinct from a clade including Purpureocillium lilacinum. Moreover, a conidial structure identical to that of I. takamizusanensis was rediscovered on the holotype specimen of C. ryogamimontana. As a result, we propose a new name, Purpureocillium takamizusanense, which is a combination of the teleomorph–anamorph connection of C. ryogamimontana–I. takamizusanensis, in accordance with the ‘one fungus, one name’ concept of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICN).

scholarly journals Teaching the Romanian neighbors Hungarian: language ideologies and the Debrecen Summer School

Multilingua ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Gyula Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The One ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
Historical Discourses

AbstractThis article is a contribution to the hitherto scant literature on learning a historical minority language and on language ideologies in the context of a study abroad program in Hungary, Debrecen. I analyse the language ideologies of the decision makers in Hungary and in the Debrecen Summer School in relation to the teaching of Hungarian to the neighboring peoples. Drawing on interactional data of participants from Romania, the perspective of learning Hungarian as a historical minority language is examined. The present article combines a historical approach with language ideologies by focusing on an institution offering language education. Language ideologies are presented as they appear in the larger historical discourses, contemporary documents, and media interviews. I briefly outline the major turning points in the history of the institution which also reflects the changing language ideologies and cultural politics of Hungary. The qualitative discourse analysis of interviews and the conclusion of this ethnographic study demonstrate that language ideological positions in relation to the teaching and learning of Hungarian have been firmly located in historical and cultural contexts. Discourse analysis of various data demonstrates that, on the one hand, the course providers have espoused competing ideologies of who the learners should be as well as how to present the country and the culture, while, on the other hand, showing that the learners have had to negotiate prejudice and stereotype rooted in discourses about the often burdened history.

scholarly journals One Fungus, One Name: Defining the Genus Fusarium in a Scientifically Robust Way That Preserves Longstanding Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Geiser ◽  
Takayuki Aoki ◽  
Charles W. Bacon ◽  
Scott E. Baker ◽  
Madan K. Bhattacharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
International Code ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
One Fungus One Name ◽  
International Code Of Nomenclature

In this letter, we advocate recognizing the genus Fusarium as the sole name for a group that includes virtually all Fusarium species of importance in plant pathology, mycotoxicology, medicine, and basic research. This phylogenetically guided circumscription will free scientists from any obligation to use other genus names, including teleomorphs, for species nested within this clade, and preserve the application of the name Fusarium in the way it has been used for almost a century. Due to recent changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this is an urgent matter that requires community attention. The alternative is to break the longstanding concept of Fusarium into nine or more genera, and remove important taxa such as those in the F. solani species complex from the genus, a move we believe is unnecessary. Here we present taxonomic and nomenclatural proposals that will preserve established research connections and facilitate communication within and between research communities, and at the same time support strong scientific principles and good taxonomic practice.

Escarpia southwardae sp. nov., a new species of vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida, Siboglinidae) from West African cold seeps

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Andersen ◽  
S Hourdez ◽  
B Marie ◽  
D Jollivet ◽  
F H Lallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
African Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Vestimentiferan Tubeworm ◽  
A New Species

A new species of vestimentiferan tubeworm belonging to the genus Escarpia is described from cold seeps off the western coast of Africa. The description is based on two collections (one of 180 animals, the other of 30 animals) using both morphological and molecular techniques. Morphologically, the African tubeworms are very similar to Escarpia laminata Jones, 1985 but differ from all other escarpids by the lack of branchial pinnules, a unique feature among vestimentiferans. Molecular evidence from sequences of the cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I gene places the species in the escarpid clade, closely related to E. laminata and Escarpia spicata Jones, 1985, but fails to discriminate among the three species. Four morphotypes are identified in the African species, corresponding to the four permutations of the following characters: presence or absence of an axial rod on the obturaculum and presence or absence of a split on the posterior ventral margin of the vestimentum. However, molecular data could not distinguish them as separate species. We suggest that the lack of an axial rod reflects predation. Biometrical data indicate a discontinuous recruitment period, as is known for other vestimentiferan species. Sex ratios are balanced, but females tend to be larger than males. We hypothesize that the males grow more slowly or die younger than the females.

scholarly journals A Selected and Annotated Bibliography for the Research of Official Surname Changes in Hungary

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 394-401
Author(s):  
Tamás Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
Name Changes

The bibliography presented here contains only those publications in the field which are possible to study without knowledge of the Hungarian language, i.e. which were written in English or other foreign languages, or which simply publish a database of the name changes. The annotations are based on the texts of the publications and the abstracts (if they were available). Naturally, there are also many additional contemporary sources and scholarly publications available in the field in Hungarian, many (lately the majority) include an English abstract

Serbia

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
Yossi Harpaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dual Citizenship ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
The Eu

This chapter explores the case of Hungarian dual citizenship in Serbia as a representative case of compensatory citizenship that is created on the basis of coethnic ties. Since 2011, Hungary has offered dual citizenship to cross-border Hungarians living in neighboring countries. However, coethnic dual citizenship has complicated and contradictory effects on Serbia's Hungarian minority. On the one hand, they enjoy access to Europe, as well as elevated social status in Serbia. On the other hand, the proliferation of EU passports makes it easier for young Hungarians to emigrate, shrinking this beleaguered population even further. Meanwhile, thousands of ethnic Serbs have also begun to study the Hungarian language. They hope to take advantage of Hungary's generosity toward Hungarian speakers in order to thereby gain access to the EU.

Darwinian Theory Comes of Age

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ruse
Keyword(s):  
Great Apes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
Darwinian Theory ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
Konrad Lorenz ◽  
Professional Science ◽  
The One ◽  
Fully Functioning

As professional science, Darwinian theory is now a fully functioning paradigm. Darwinism as religion continues and war continues as a good confirmatory case study. There is now, thanks both to fossil finds and to refined molecular techniques, a much better understanding of human evolution and its history. This is new; the interpretations are not. There is much talk about killer apes, owing as much to Augustine as to Darwin, with speculations by Konrad Lorenz backed by dramatic writings by the film-script-writer-turned-amateur-anthropologist Robert Ardrey. Starting to play a major role are sophisticated studies of the great apes, notably Jane Goodall on wild chimpanzees and Frans de Waal on caged chimpanzees, the former moving more toward the innate nature of ape violence and the latter rather the other way. Major clashes about nature versus nurture occurred with anthropologist Ashley Montagu on the one side and biologist Edward O. Wilson on the other. There are an increasing number of naysayers, especially the Quaker bird-song specialist, William Thorpe, but the traditional picture persists. War is part of our biological heritage; it had to be a good thing inasmuch as it led progressively upward to humans, but it is now outdated and dangerous, and we can and should eliminate it.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Changes in Patient-Related Factors from 1997 to 2009 in Clinical Yeast Isolates Related to Dermatology, Gynaecology, and Paediatrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Czaika ◽  
Pietro Nenoff ◽  
Andreas Glöckner ◽  
Wolfgang Fegeler ◽  
Karsten Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
The One ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
One Fungus One Name ◽  
Associated Species

From 1997 to 2009, 1,862 dermatology, gynaecology, and paediatrics (DGP) associated clinical yeast isolates were analysed for species occurrence, specimen origin and type, (multi-) resistance pattern, and testing period. The top seven of the isolated DGP-associated species remained the same as compared to total medical wards, withCandida albicans(45%) as most frequent pathogen. However, the DGP wards and DGP ICUs showed species-specific profiles; that is, the species distribution is clinic-specific similar and however differs in their percentage from ward to ward. By applying the “one fungus one name” principle, respectively, the appropriate current taxonomic species denominations, it has been shown that no trend to emerging species from 1998 to 2008 could be detected. In particular the frequently isolated non-Candida albicansspecies isolated in the DGP departments have already been detected in or before 1997. As yeasts are part of the cutaneous microbiota and play an important role as opportunistic pathogens for superficial infections, proper identification of the isolates according to the new nomenclature deems to be essential for specific and calculated antifungal therapy for yeast-like DGP-related infectious agents.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of North Atlantic Lepechinellidae (Amphipoda: Crustacea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Nina Lörz ◽  
Saskia Brix ◽  
Anna M Jażdżewska ◽  
Lauren Elizabeth Hughes
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Molecular Separation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
First Time

Abstract North Atlantic lepechinellid amphipod species were investigated using morphological and molecular techniques based on material collected during two IceAGE expeditions in 2011 and 2013 (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). The presence of eyes is reported for the first time for the family Lepechinellidae. Four lepechinellid species, Lepechinella grimi, L. helgii, L. skarphedini and Lepechinelloides karii were distinct across morphological, COI and 16S data. Lepechinella arctica, L. norvegica and L. victoriae were seen to be morphologically similar. No morphological or molecular separation was observed between L. arctica and L. norvegica, indicating that these taxa should not be considered separate species. Full illustrations of habitus and mouthparts are presented for L. arctica and a new synonymy is provided recognizing L. norvegica as a junior synonym of L. arctica. While L. victoriae shows little morphological variation from L. arctica, COI and 16S data show this taxon as genetically distinct. Furthermore, new geographic and depth ranges for North Atlantic and Arctic lephechinellids are provided.

scholarly journals Onychomycosis caused by Scytalidium dimidiatum. Report of two cases. Review of the taxonomy of the synanamorph and anamorph forms of this coelomycete

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos da Silva LACAZ ◽  
Amélia Dias PEREIRA ◽  
Elisabeth Maria HEINS-VACCARI ◽  
Luiz Carlos CUCÉ ◽  
Cristiane BENATTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Fungal Taxonomy ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nattrassia Mangiferae ◽  
Scytalidium Lignicola ◽  
Over Time

The authors report two cases of onychomycosis in the dystrophic form, one of them involving an HIV-positive patient, provoked by Scytalidium dimidiatum, previously called Scytalidium lignicola. The subject is reviewed from the taxonomic viewpoint, considering the anamorph Hendersonula toruloidea as a synonym of Nattrassia mangiferae, and having Scytalidium dimidiatum as the major synanamorph. According to many mycologists, Scytalidium hyalinum may be a separate species or a hyaline mutant of Scytalidium dimidiatum. Scytalidium lignicola Pesante 1957 was considered to be the type-species of the genus by ELLIS (1971)13 and later to be a "conidial state" of Hendersonula toruloidea by the same author, today known as Nattrassia mangiferae. The microorganism lives only on the roots of certain plants (mainly Platanus and Pinus). It produces pycnidia and is not considered to be a pathogen, although it is considered as a possible emerging agent capable of provoking opportunistic fungal lesions. The importance of this topic as one of the most outstanding in fungal taxonomy, so likely to be modified over time, as well as its interest in the field of dermatologic mycology, are emphasized.

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