scholarly journals The Contribution of Women in the Bengali Language Movement (1952): A Historical Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-127
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Bengali Language ◽  
Women’S Organizations

During the period 1947-48, student movements started in various areas of Bangladesh demanding to make Bengali one of the state languages. Through participation in these movements, political awareness among the girls of Bengal increased. So in the final stages of the 1952 language movement, the massive participation of girls can be noticed. The girls of Dhaka and the girls of different districts and sub-divisional cities of Bangladesh took an active part in the 1952 language movement. In addition to school-college girls, various members of various women's organizations such as Shishuraksha Samiti, Wari Mahila Samiti, and others actively take part in the 1952 language movement. Therefore, the role of Bengali women in the Bengali language movement was unforgettable. Apart from men, women also acted as supporting forces of the language movement in various ways from their position. Therefore, the idea which Bengali women are just helpless, helpless is not correct. In this article, we have analyzed the role of women in the Bengali language movement.

Reflections from the Margins: Complexities, Transitions and Developmental Challenges - The Case of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Leadership Accountability ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Colonial Oppression

Since the dawn of colonialism in Southern Africa, the province of the Eastern Cape emerged as the cradle of African resistance against colonial oppression. A closer look at the province reveals opportunities for progress and ultimate resurgence of economic and social development, yet conflated by a myriad of challenges. This book brings together different perspectives and realities of the post-apartheid Eastern Cape to provide an in-depth exploration of the developmental dilemmas that the province faces. This book provides insightful reflections on development and its sustainability some 25 years since democracy, and specifically focuses on sociological and demographic realities in the areas of migration and its impact on families. The book further grapples with the role of the state in developing culture and heritage in the province, pointing to fundamental and multiple challenges of deprivation, unemployment and subsequent community resilience in a variety of sectors including health and education. While it provides a historical analysis of contextual issues facing the province, the book also highlights the agency of the people of the Eastern Cape in confronting challenges in leadership, accountability, citizen participation and service provision. The book will be useful for development scholars and practitioners who are interested in understanding the state of the province, and similar settings, and the degree to which it has emerged from the shadows of its colonial and apartheid legacies.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE PUBLIC EDUCATION OF THE SURKHAN OASIS(ON EXAMPLE IN THEYEARS OF INDEPENDENCE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Sabohat B. Radjabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of Women

It is scientifically analyzed information about the activity of women in the education system of Surkhandarya region in the period of independence years and their achievements in this field through statistical data with examples over the years in this article. It is emphasized that the state pays attention to the work activities of selfless women, who have been awarded many medals and medals in this region, such as the Medal of “Shukhrat”, the Order of “Saglom avlod uchun”, the title of "Xalk ta`limi a`lochisi", is also mentioned separately

The Role of Women in Hobbes's Economic Thought

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Joanne Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Gender Politics ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This article examines the role of women in Hobbes's economic thought. First, I frame Hobbes's economic thought in relation to his philosophical materialism so as to underscore the extent to which Hobbes's materialism entails the insight that human beings are, by definition, productive, economic creatures. I argue that his description of the economy, even without explicit acknowledgment, necessarily positions women as crucial economic actors. I then consider the implications of this in relation to the feminist possibilities of Hobbes's gender politics. I conclude that when deliberating on this question, we face the same conundrum that is evident in all literature considering Hobbes and gender. His radical comments about women in the state of nature are undermined by his seeming indifference to the state of women in commonwealths once they are founded.

Women under Italian Fascism

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander De Grand
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
Italian Fascism ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
General Impression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Work Done

Perhaps because the subject seemed so obvious, there has been little work done on women under fascism. This omission is unfortunate not only because Fascist policy was more complicated than the general impression of it but also because it offered an interesting example of the interaction between propaganda and reality in an authoritarian society. Women played an important role in several major propaganda campaigns of fascism, such as the ruralization policy and the battle to increase the birth rate. Concern for the role of women was at the heart of the conservative and stabilizing nature of fascism and, in so far as it meant the subjugation of the private lives of citizens to the demands of the State, policy towards women reflected the totalitarian and imperialistic side of fascism as well.

“Distribution According to Work”: An Historical Analysis of the Incentive System in China’s State-Owned Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Qi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transition ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Incentive System ◽  
Labor Power

This article analyzes the role of the incentive system in driving China’s economic transition. The reform of the incentive system during the late 1970s and early 1980s led to the abuse of material incentives. Changes in the incentive system led to recurrent inflation and squeezed profits. The state thus launched a series of reforms that commoditized labor power and divided cadres from workers, substantially weakening workers’ power and promoting China’s economic transition.

scholarly journals PRESENTING WOMEN IN POST-INDEPENDENCE HISTORIOGRAPHY: BUILDING THE CHARACTER OF STATE DEFENSE THROUGH THE HISTORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ayu Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Historical Awareness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
State Defense

<p>This paper discusses the importance of historical narrative in an effort to grow the character of the defense of the country. This is motivated by the problem of mindset about defending the country, that defending the country is the duty of the Indonesian National Army and Police, and defending the country is only appropriate for men. In this issue, historical studies play an important role in deconstructing people's mindsets. Therefore, this paper offers a solution to build the character of state defense, namely through efforts to present women in post-independence historiography. This paper aims to encourage the dismantling of the exclusion of women's roles in post-independence historiography, because in reality, Indonesian women are involved in the defense of the state after 1945. The results of the research in this paper show that after Indonesia's independence, many women had a role important in politics, the arts, to the health sector. By introducing a narrative about how important the role of women in the history of post-independence, the younger generation will have an awareness that defending the country can also be done by women. Thus, presenting women in post-independence historiography will greatly help the Indonesian people to grow the character of state defense.</p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Exclusion, Historical Awareness, Historiography, State Defense, Women.

scholarly journals Intrepretasi Kontekstual Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif Atas Peran Perempuan di Ruang Publik dalam QS. An-Nisa: 34

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alwi
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Female Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of Women

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendialogkan pemahaman Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif, seorang negarawan dan agamawan di Indonesia kontemporer, atas QS. an-Nisa: 34 dengan diskursus kesetaraan gender dalam mengkontekstualisasikan ajaran Islam di Indonesia, termasuk peran perempuan di ruang publik. Letak penting pemahaman Ahmad Syaf’i Ma’arif adalah kemampuannya dalam memberi sikap tengah, tidak konservatif dan tidak juga liberal, dalam mengemukakan spirit kepemimpinan perempuan menurut Islam dan Negara. Syafi’i Maarif menilai wacana konteks antara Arab-Indonesia tidak dapat diabaikan ketika pembaca teks hendak memahami kandungan QS. an-Nisa: 34. Perempuan Arab memiliki ruang dan dinamikanya sendiri, yang berbeda dengan perempuan di Indonesia, sehingga konteks ini berpengaruh dalam memahami al-Qur’an. Catatan kesetaraan gender Syafii Maarif adalah ada keadaan tertentu, seperti mengandung dan melahirkan, yang hanya dilakukan oleh perempuan. Upaya Ahmad Syafii Maarif dalam mengkontekstualisasikan QS. an-Nisa: 34 adalah kerja penting atas pembumian al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman (QS. al-Baqarah: 2 dan 185) ke dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, sehingga Islam yang rahmatan lil alamin dapat dirasakan dari segi pengangkatan peran perempuan di ruang publik.[This article aims to provide understanding of Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif, an Indonesian statesman and religious leader, over QS. An-Nisa: 34 with the discourse of gender equality in the contextualization of Islamic teachings in Indonesia, including the role of women in public space. The important point of understanding Ahmad Syaf’i Ma’arif is in his ability to give a central, non conservative and illiberal in raising the leadership spirit of women according to Islam and the state. Syafi’i Maarif assessed that the context discourse between Arab-Indonesia can not be ignored when the reader want to understand the content of QS. An-Nisa: 34. Arab women have its own space and dynamism, that is different from women in Indonesia, so this context is influential in understanding the Qur’an. The notion of the gender equality of Syafi’s Ma’arif is that there are certain circumstances, such as pregnant and childbirth, that only women can do.  The efforts of Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif in contextualizing QS. An- Nisa: 34 is an important work on the ground of the Qur’an as a guideline (QS. Al-Baqarah: 2 and 185) into the lives of Indonesian society, so that Islam, as rahmatan lil alamin, can be felt in terms of the female role in the public space.]

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