scholarly journals Prescribing Pattern of Medical Practitioners in Their Private Chamber Practice According to WHO Prescribing Indicators in a Southern District of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Keyword(s):  
Essential Medicine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Southern District ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Medicine Product

Prescription is a written order and direction by a registered physician to the pharmacist for the particular use of a medicine product for a patient. The aim of the research was to observe the prescription pattern of doctors in their chamber practice according to the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. A total of 300 prescriptions of outdoor patients from various departments of different private chambers of medical practitioners were collected from 1st August to 31st October 2019 and were evaluated. After evaluation and data analysis we got, patients’ age and gender were not mentioned in 6% prescriptions. Dose and course of treatment were incomplete in 60%, 72%, and 52% of prescriptions respectively. Abbreviations were used in 100% prescriptions. Doctor’s medical registration number was mentioned in 13% prescriptions only. A total of 1042 drugs was prescribed in 300 prescriptions. The average number of drugs prescribed was 3.38±1.79 (Mean±SD). Most of the prescriptions contained a brand name (93.33%) of the drugs whereas only a few (6.7%) used the generic names (P<0.05). Antibiotics and injections were ordained in 64% and 8% cases respectively. Approximately 60% of drugs were prescribed according to the Essential Medicine List (EML) of Bangladesh. Our study has shown that very few physicians are acquainted and follow the WHO standard of prescribing which can lead to seriously negative health consequences. Moreover, the presence of antibiotics in two-third of all prescriptions should ring an alarm to prevent its aberrant use.

scholarly journals A comparative study of drug prescribing indicators in various hospitals of West Bengal, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Arijit Ghosh ◽  
Anjan Adhikari ◽  
Rania Indu ◽  
Srijita Ghosh ◽  
Santosh Banik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Rational Therapy ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Rational use of drugs is essential to ensure safety and welfare of patients. Thus, prescription audits are conducted to monitor the practice of writing prescriptions. Various standard parameters have been rationalized by World Health Organization (WHO) in order to regulate drug utilization, globally. Present study aimed to compare the pattern of prescriptions generated in different healthcare centres of West Bengal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the inpatient and outpatient departments of RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, in order to evaluate the prescriptions. Literature was also surveyed with the keywords “prescription audit”, “West Bengal”, to extract data on prescription audits conducted in various other hospitals of West Bengal. The WHO prescribing indicators of all these health facilities were then compared to estimate the rationality of drug prescribed by different physicians.Results: Seven published reports of prescription audits were published from the period of 2013 to 2017, the distribution being- 2 health facilities from Kolkata, 2 from Burdwan, 1 each from Bankura, Murshidabad and North Bengal. WHO standards were not strictly followed by any of the hospitals. Polypharmacy level were higher in all the hospitals. Drugs were mostly prescribed from the essential medicine list (EML).Conclusions: Present study clearly indicated that it is essential to improve these parameters for most of the healthcare centres in order to prevent irrational use of drugs. Prescription audits should also be implemented regularly so that the patients can receive better treatment at minimum cost with suitable rational therapy.

Drug Utilization Pattern using World Health Organization prescribing Indicators at Otorhinolaryngology OPD of a tertiary teaching hospital of Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081
Author(s):  
Bajarang Prasad Sah ◽  
Deepak Paudel ◽  
Deependra Prasad Sarraf
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Assessment of drug utilization pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators is important to promote rational drug therapy.It needs to be evaluated periodically to obtain information about drug utilization pattern, to detect early signals of irrational use of drugs and to provide feedback to prescribers. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the drug prescribing patterns in the Otorhinolaryngology OPD based on the WHO prescribing indicators. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 148 outpatients at Otorhinolaryngology and HNS department of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences for six month duration. Patients aged 18 years and above and prescribed at least one drug were enrolled. Medical case sheets of the every fifth patients visiting the OPD were reviewed to collect the relevant data on a self-designed proforma. Descriptive statistics and WHO prescribing indicators were calculated using SPSS version 11.0. The study was approved by Institutional Review Committee, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Results: A total of 322 drugs were prescribed to 148 patients. Most of the drugs were prescribe through oral route (69.3%). Levocetrizine (10.6%) was the commonest prescribed drug followed by Ibuprofen+Paracetamol (10.2%) and Pantoprazole (10.2%). Among systemic antibiotics, Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid (35.9%) was the most frequently prescribed followed by Cefixime (12.8%) and Levofloxacin (12.8%). Ofloxacin + Dexamethasone (22.9%) was the most frequently prescribed topical drug followed by Mometasone (17.7%). The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter or mean was 2.2 (range 1-5). The percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic was prescribed was 33.2%. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM) was 28% and 31.9% respectively. Conclusions: The drug utilization pattern did not comply with the most of the WHO prescribing indicators. The average number of drug per prescription was higher than recommended by WHO, generic prescribing was remarkably lower and prescribing from NLEM was also low.

scholarly journals Medication use pattern and quality assessment of psychiatry outpatient department prescriptions of a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Ayan K. Pati ◽  
Siddhartha Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Treatment Guideline ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Psychiatric illness is a major but often underreported health burden. The field of psychopharmacotherapy is continuously evolving therefore needs monitoring to prevent irrationality. In this setting, authors analyzed the prescribing pattern of psychotropic drugs while simultaneously monitoring prescription quality in a tertiary care teaching private hospital.Methods: A 6 month-prospective observational study was conducted in psychiatry out-patient department. Prescription pattern was analyzed using World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. The quality of the prescriptions was assessed as per prescription writing guidelines issued by The Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal.Results: Of the 745 prescriptions analyzed, depression and psychosis constituted the bulk of diagnosed cases irrespective of any gender predominance. The average number of psychotropic drugs per prescription was 2.85±1.48. Antidepressants, sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytics are most commonly prescribed drugs. 37.58% of psychotropic drugs were given as fixed dose combination, most common being risperidone with trihexyphenidyl. Only 2.91% of the drugs were prescribed in generic name whereas 53.99% were enlisted in national essential medicine list 2015. Polypharmacy and therapeutic duplication were noted in 41% and 26.84 % of prescriptions and dose, duration and frequency were not mentioned in 2.68%, 53.02% and 19.00% of the prescription respectively.Conclusions: Use of psychotropic drugs follows closely with different treatment guideline, though routine uses of central anticholinergics with atypical antipsychotics are not recommended. Despite high utilization of NLEM, more generic prescribing, correct prescription dosing schedule, avoidance of polypharmacy and non-Judicious use of multivitamin FDCs may significantly improve treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Prescribing trend of antimalarial drugs at the Ghana Police Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kwame Afriyie ◽  
Seth Kwabena Amponsah ◽  
Robert Antwi ◽  
Stephen Yayra Nyoagbe ◽  
Kwasi Agyei Bugyei
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Prescribing Trend ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Malaria ranks among the top three leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Appropriate use of recommended antimalarial drugs is vital in the effective management of malaria. Methodology: This study sought to assess the prescribing trend of antimalarial drugs at the Ghana Police Hospital. Antimalarial drug prescribing trends from 3,127 patient cards were assessed at the pharmacy unit of the hospital between December 2012 and May 2013 using modified World Health Organization rational drug prescribing indicators. Results: Of the 6,697 drugs assessed from the patient cards, antimalarial drugs prescribed included artemether-lumefantrine, 4,226 (63.1%), artemether injection with artemether-lumefantrine tablets, 1,741 (26%), artesunate injection, 241 (3.6%), artemether injection, 194 (2.9%), and artesunate-amodiaquine tablets, 188 (2.8%). The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.1. A total of 4,052 (60.5%) drugs were prescribed by their generic names, and 2,645 (39.5%) were prescribed by their brand names. There were 2,250 (33.6%) encounters with injection (33.6%), and 6,001 (89.6%) of the prescribed drugs were from the essential drugs list. Prescriptions conforming to recommended dosage regimen totaled 6,328 (94.5%). Conclusion: The antimalarial prescribing pattern at the hospital was generally satisfactory. However, the use of injectable antimalarials appeared to be high.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Prescribing Pattern in Mirpur Azad Kashmir using who Prescribing Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Aimen Qaiser ◽  
Zahra Hassan Kiani ◽  
Farina Abid ◽  
Tania Pervaiz ◽  
Zafar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drug Use Pattern

Promotion of rational use of drugs in developing countries is necessary for improving the quality of life. Therefore, evaluation of drug use pattern using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators is necessary for assessment of rational use of drugs. 200 prescriptions were randomly collected from different pharmacies in Mirpur and evaluated to measure prescribing indicators. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 25). Average count of drugs prescribed per prescription was 3.8 (S.D+ 2.01). Percentage of antibiotics prescribed, and injections prescribed per prescription was 42% (n=84) and 16% (n=32) respectively. The percentage of drugs prescribed from Essential Drugs List was 90.5%. It was concluded that prescribing pattern was far away from the standard WHO requirements. Greater number of drugs and overuse of antibiotics focused on close monitoring and regulation of prescribing pattern. Steps should be taken to encourage the rational use of drugs to improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Evaluation of prescribing pattern at basic health care facilities of Islamabad Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3119-3126
Author(s):  
Nabeel Siddique ◽  
Azhar Hussain ◽  
Madeeha Malik
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Health Organization

Failure to adopt the rational pattern of prescribing and dispensing by health professionals represents a significant risk to the safety of patient and lead to pharmaceuticals wastage. This study was designed to evaluate the prescribing and dispensing pattern at the selected basic healthcare facilities of Islamabad Pakistan. World Health Organization with collaboration to International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs has provided the core indicators to configure and examine the prescribing patterns. The study was conducted in 2018, using these indicators following the study sites, fourteen Basic Health Units, three Rural Health Centres and three local dispensaries located in Islamabad (Pakistan) were randomly visited and that accounts overall 600 prescribing episodes collected retrospectively. The results of this study highlighted that the average number of drugs prescribed was 2.751. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic was 41.15%. Percentage of steroids, injections and antibiotics were 7.68%, 16.05% and 48.6%. The drugs prescribed from Essential Drug List were 75.08%. Average consultation time was 2.699 minutes. The average dispensing time was 1.479 minutes. We concluded that high number of average drugs per prescription, over prescription of antibiotics, low generic prescribing, less average consultation and dispensing time found in healthcare facilities. Keywords: Prescribing pattern, Basic health facilities, INRUD prescribing indicators, WHO prescribing indicators

scholarly journals THE RATIONALITY OF DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS AT THE GYNAECOLOGY DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KELANTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
SAMI MUSTAFA ALSHAKHSHIR ◽  
SYED AZHAR SYED SULAIMAN ◽  
MAHMOUD SADI ALHADDAD ◽  
MOHD PAZUDIN
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Prescribing Behaviour ◽  
Health Organization

The aim of this study is to assess the rational prescribing pattern of drugs for pregnant women using World Health Organization (WHO)/International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core drug prescribing indicators. A one-year retrospective research design from (October 2016–September 2017) was used to review pregnant women prescriptions from their medical records at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A structured data collection form using WHO/INRUD document on prescribing indicators was used. Data was sorted and categorised according to the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) pregnancy classification systems and Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC). Then, data was compared with the references values of WHO/INRUD. Descriptive analysis were performed using SPSS version 20. A total of 741 medical files met the study inclusion criteria. The average number of prescribed drugs per prescription and the percentage of prescribed drugs from hospital formulary list and health ministry list were within the acceptable range listed by WHO. Whereas, the percentage of pregnant women with antibiotics and injection drugs were lower than normal values 17.67% and 8.23%, respectively. Percentage of prescribed drugs from categories C and D were 13.8% and 2.8%, respectively. Whereas 24.8% of prescribed drugs were from unclassified risk category. On the other hand, multivitamins preparations were the highest category of prescriptions 17.7%. Injections and number of antibiotics per encounter were lower than the recommended range listed by WHO. However, a great caution and careful prescribing behaviour of physicians were noticed at gynaecology/obstetric departments and most of the prescribed medications were rational and safe during pregnancy.

A Study on prescribing pattern of drugs in orthopaedic in-patient department at a tertiary care hospital in Guntur region

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Anjani Teja Ch ◽  
Ramesh babu K ◽  
Leela subramanyam S ◽  
Janani Y ◽  
Eswar Sai Kiran K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Bed Days

The descriptive observational study was conducted over six months among inpatients of the orthopaedics department. The aim is to observe the prescribing pattern of drugs, to find out the percentage of analgesics given and most commonly prescribed analgesic, to compare the prescribed drugs whether they are in NLEM, WHO list and calculate DDD/100 Bed-days and to analyze the drugs for WHO prescribing drugs. A total of 250 patients were included in the study. Out of this, 168 were male, and 82 were female. Most of the patients were in the age group of 31-40[45 in number with 18%]. The most common condition was found to fracture [113 in number with 95.2%]. Commonly prescribed drugs were analgesics 447 with 26.76%. Among all the NSAID's, PCM was most commonly prescribed analgesic with 34.4%. The highest no, of drugs was found to be 4drugs/prescription with 24%. Monthly one analgesic was prescribed per prescription with 38.8%. Utilization of analgesics in term of DDD/100 Bed-days was 55.26; Drugs will be evaluated per prescription as per prescribing indicators of WHO was done, the average no. of drugs per prescription was found to be 0.45, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was found to be 13.3%, percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed were found to be 94.4%, In ratio percentage of drugs prescribed from the national list of essential medicine was found to be 92.6%. This study would help to facilitate better health care delivery.

scholarly journals Azithromycin Reduction to Reach Elimination of Trachoma (ARRET): study protocol for a cluster randomized trial of stopping mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdou Amza ◽  
Boubacar Kadri ◽  
Beido Nassirou ◽  
Ahmed M. Arzika ◽  
Ariana Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
World Health ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends annual mass azithromycin distribution until districts drop below 5% prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF). Districts with very low TF prevalence may have little or no transmission of the ocular strains of Chlamydia trachomatis that cause trachoma, and additional rounds of mass azithromycin distribution may not be useful. Here, we describe the protocol for a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether mass azithromycin distribution can be stopped prior to the current WHO guidelines. Methods The Azithromycin Reduction to Reach Elimination of Trachoma (ARRET) study is a 1:1 community randomized non-inferiority trial designed to evaluate whether mass azithromycin distribution can be stopped in districts with baseline prevalence of TF under 20%. Communities in Maradi, Niger are randomized after baseline assessment either to continued annual mass azithromycin distribution or stopping annual azithromycin distribution over a 3-year period. We will compare the prevalence of ocular C. trachomatis (primary outcome), TF and other clinical signs of trachoma, and serologic markers of trachoma after 3 years. We hypothesize that stopping annual azithromycin distribution will be non-inferior to continued annual azithromycin distributions for all markers of trachoma prevalence and transmission. Discussion The results of this trial are anticipated to provide potentially guideline-changing evidence for when mass azithromycin distributions can be stopped in low TF prevalence areas. Trial registration number This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04185402). Registered December 4, 2019; prospectively registered pre-results.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Prescribing Indicators in a Paediatric Population Seen in an Outpatient Consultation at the Gaspard Kamara Health Centre in 2019 (Senegal)

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Oumar Bassoum ◽  
Mouhamadou Faly Ba ◽  
Ndèye Marème Sougou ◽  
Djibril Fall ◽  
Adama Faye
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Outpatient Consultation ◽  
International Nonproprietary Name ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Data on drug use in paediatrics are scarce in Senegal. The objective of this study was to assess the prescribing indicators in a paediatric population seen in an outpatient consultation at a Health Centre in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: A retrospective and analytical study was conducted. The study population consisted of prescriptions for children aged 0 to 14 years who were seen in ambulatory consultation between 1 June and 30 November 2019. The sample size was 600 prescriptions. The systematic survey was then conducted. Five prescription indicators recommended by the World Health Organization were calculated. The R software was used for descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis and binomial logistic regression. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.56. The proportion of drugs prescribed under the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) was 18.9%, while the proportion of drugs on the National Essential Medicines List (NEML) was 41.3%. The proportions of prescriptions with at least one antibiotic and one injectable product were 41.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Conclusions: This study showed that prescribing habits were inadequate. Thus, it would be necessary to move towards continuing training of prescribers in the wise use of medicines.

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