Distance Measures for Surgical Process Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (05) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Bühligen ◽  
T. Neumuth ◽  
S. Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Graph Matching ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Levenshtein Distance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

SummaryBackground: The development of new resources, such as surgical techniques and approaches, results in continuous modification of surgery. To assess these modifications, it is necessary to use measures that quantify the impact of resources on surgical processes.Objectives: The objective of this work is to introduce and evaluate distance measurements that are able to represent differences in the courses of surgical interventions as processes.Methods: Hence, we present four different distance measures for surgical processes: the Jaccard distance, Levenshtein distance, Adjacency distance, and Graph matching distance. These measures are formally introduced and evaluated by applying them to clinical data sets from laparoscopic training in pediatric surgery.Results: We analyzed the distances of 450 surgical processes using these four measures with a focus on the difference in surgical processes performed by novices and by experienced surgeons. The Levenshtein and Adjacency distances were best suited to measure distances between surgical processes.Conclusion: The measurement of distances between surgical processes is necessary to estimate the benefit of new surgical techniques and strategies.

Sensitivity of segmentation of GNSS IWV time series and trend estimates to data properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh Ninh Nguyen ◽  
Annarosa Quarello ◽  
Olivier Bock ◽  
Emilie Lebarbier
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Data Processing Method ◽  
Integrated Water Vapour ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
The Impact

<p>Homogenization is an important step to improve the quality of long-term observational data sets and estimate climatic trends. In this work, we use the GNSSseg/GNSSfast segmentation packages that were developed by Quarello et al., 2020, for the detection of abrupt changes in the mean of Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) data derived from GNSS measurements. The method works on the difference of the IWV time series (GNSS – reference) in order to cancel out the common climatic variations and enhance the discontinuities due to the inhomogeneities in the GNSS series. This segmentation method accounts for changes in the variance on fixed intervals (monthly) and a periodic bias (annual) due to representativeness differences between GNSS and the reference (in our case, a global atmospheric reanalysis). <br>The goal of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of the segmentation method to the data properties, particularly the GNSS data processing method. Two reprocessed GNSS solutions are considered: IGS repro1, covering the period 1995-2010, and CODE REPRO2015 + OPER, covering the period 1994-2018. Next, the impact of the length of time series and missing data are investigated. Finally, the use of two different reference series is considered (ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses).<br>The segmentation results are screened for outliers (multiple detections occurring within a distance of 80 days) and validated with respect to known equipment changes (from GNSS metadata). The impact of the data properties is analyzed by comparing the number and position of detected change-points and the fraction of validated change-points. The influence of the variance of the IWV difference series and the magnitude of the periodic bias is examined. Finally, the results are compared in terms of estimated linear trends taking the detected change-points into account.<br>From the multiple comparisons, we found that about 30 % of change points are similar when the GNSS processing method changed, while 60 % are similar when the CODE series is shortened to match the length of the repro1 series. These tests highlight that the segmentation results are processing-dependent and are affected by the length of the series. The impact of the data properties on the IWV trends and associated uncertainties are also quantified. Besides, it is important to note that the best segmentation result is found when the ERA5 reanalysis is used as a reference.</p>

scholarly journals Plastic for diaphragmal hernia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernias

Aim. The article discusses the results of a study using a patented method of two-layer laparoscopic repair of large and giant hiatal hernias using a biocarbon implant in comparison with other surgical techniques.Materials and methods. 716 patients were divided into 3 study groups based on the area of the size of the esophageal hernia defect: group I (314 patients) – with small (less than 5 cm2) and medium (5–10 cm2) hiatal hernias, that is, up to 10 cm2, which hernioplasty was performed only by the method of posterior cruraphy; group II (323 patients) – with large hernias 10–20 cm2: subgroup 1 (92 patients) underwent posterior cruraphy, subgroup 2 (231 patients) – alloplasty. Depending on the alloplasty technique, subgroup 2, in turn, was divided: subgroup A (89 people) – hernioplasty with a polypropylene implant and subgroup B (142 people) – hernioplasty with a medical biocarbon construction. Study group III (79 patients) – patients with giant diaphragmatic hernias of more than 20 cm2 using alloplasty: subgroup A (29 people) – hernioplasty with a polypropylene implant and subgroup B (50 patients) – alloplasty with a medical biocarbon construction.Results. When comparing group I with subgroup 1 of group II, the following results were obtained. Statistically significant differences were found in the degrees and types of diaphragmatic hernias. The average age of patients and statistical differences for it were insignificant. When comparing subgroup 1 with subgroup 2 of group II, statistically insignificant differences were found in the degrees and types of hiatal hernias. The difference in the average age of patients was also statistically insignificant. The difference in the average age of patients was also statistically insignificant. When comparing subgroup A with subgroup B of group II, statistically insignificant differences were found among themselves in the degrees and types of hiatal hernias. When comparing subgroup 2 of group II with group III, the difference turned out to be statistically significant in the distribution of patients by types and degrees of diaphragmatic hernias. When comparing subgroup A with subgroup B of group III by degrees and types of hiatal hernias, statistically insignificant differences were revealed.Conclusion. Posterior cruraphia in small and medium diaphragmatic hernias had significant statistical differences in types and degrees compared to that in large hernias, as well as in the average area of the hernial defect. Posterior cruraphia with hernioplasty in large hiatal hernias did not differ statistically significantly according to any of the criteria. Plastic surgery with a polypropylene implant with alloplasty of a biocarbon implant for large hernias did not differ significantly according to any of the criteria. Hernioplasty for large hiatal hernias, when compared with giant hernias, differed significantly only in the degree and type, as well as in the area of the hernial defect. «Onlay» plastic surgery with a polypropylene implant with alloplasty of biocarbon structures for giant hernias did not differ significantly according to any of the criteria, except for gender distribution, which did not have significant fundamental significance, which made it possible to make a more correct comparison of the results of surgical interventions in these research subgroups.

More about Discovery Process Models

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lognormal Distribution ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Discovery Process Models ◽  
The Impact

In Chapter 3 we discussed the concepts, functions, and applications of the two discovery process models LDSCV and NDSCV. In this chapter we will use various simulated populations to validate these two models to examine whether their performance meets our expectations. In addition, lognormal assumptions are applied to Weibull and Pareto populations to assess the impact on petroleum evaluation as a result of incorrect specification of probability distributions. A mixed population of two lognormal populations and a mixed population of lognormal, Weibull, and Pareto populations were generated to test the impact of mixed populations on assessment quality. NDSCV was then applied to all these data sets to validate the performance of the models. Finally, justifications for choosing a lognormal distribution in petroleum assessments are discussed in detail. Known populations were created as follows: A finite population was generated from a random sample of size 300 (N = 300) drawn from the lognormal, Pareto, and Weibull superpopulations. For the lognormal case, a population with μ = 0 and σ2 = 5 was assumed. The truncated and shifted Pareto population with shape factor θ = 0.4, maximum pool size = 4000, and minimum pool size = 1 was created. The Weibull population with λ = 20, θ = 1.0 was generated for the current study. The first mixed population was created by mixing two lognormal populations. Parameters for population I are μ = 0, σ2 = 3, and N1 = 150. For population II, μ = 3.0, σ2 = 3.2, and N2 = 150. The second mixed population was generated by mixing lognormal (N1 = 100), Pareto (N2 = 100), and Weibull (N3 = 100) populations with a total of 300 pools. In addition, a gamma distribution was also used for reference. The lognormal distribution is J-shaped if an arithmetic scale is used for the horizontal axis, but it shows an almost symmetrical pattern when a logarithmic scale is applied.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE AND OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF LIVER ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN A SPECIALIZED CENTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
A. O. Krasnov ◽  
◽  
V. V. Anischenko ◽  
K. A. Krasnov ◽  
V. A. Pelts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Staged Surgery ◽  
Specialized Center ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hepatic Echinococcosis

Background. An increase in the incidence of hepatic echinococcosis is noted annually, surgery remaining its main treatment option. Objective. To analyze the treatment structure and evaluate the treatment outcomes of the patients operated for hepatic echinococcosis in the Surgical department №2 of SAHI "KCEH named after M.A. Podgorbunsky" over the period of 2016 - 2020. Material and methods. The analyzed group included treatment outcomes of 58 patients (22 men (38%), 36 women (62%)), who underwent 76 surgical interventions for liver echinococcosis in the Surgical department №2 on the basis of SAHI "KCEH named after M.A. Podgorbunsky". The difference between the number of operations performed and that of actual patients is explained by the use of staged surgery in a number of cases. Results. The majority of the 76 operations performed over the period of 2016 - 2020 were open resections - 50 (65.8%) cases. Of these, extensive anatomic segmental hepatic resections were performed in 22 cases (44%). In 14 (24%) of all patients staged surgery was used, making it possible to exclude a number of patients from the category of "non-resectable" and to perform surgery with good outcomes. A fatal outcome was noted in one case. Conclusions. The use of various surgical techniques including staged minimally invasive and laparoscopic ones in a specialized surgical department allows achieving good treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Cross-Language Fake News Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Samuel Kai Wah Chu ◽  
Runbin Xie ◽  
Yanshu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Inclusive Language ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Textual Features ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Language Detection

AbstractWith increasing globalization, news from different countries, and even in different languages, has become readily available and has become a way for many people to learn about other cultures. As people around the world become more reliant on social media, the impact of fake news on public society also increases. However, most of the fake news detection research focuses only on English. In this work, we compared the difference between textual features of different languages (Chinese and English) and their effect on detecting fake news. We also explored the cross-language transmissibility of fake news detection models. We found that Chinese textual features in fake news are more complex compared with English textual features. Our results also illustrated that the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model outperformed other algorithms for within-language data sets. As for detection in cross-language data sets, our findings demonstrated that fake news monitoring across languages is potentially feasible, while models trained with data from a more inclusive language would perform better in cross-language detection.

scholarly journals OBESITY - AS A RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN EMERGENCY SURGERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
S.A. Zhidkov ◽  
◽  
A.S. Zhidkov ◽  
A.A. Peteko ◽  
D.S. Boiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergency Abdominal Surgery

In recent years, both the actual number of overweight and obese people and their share in the population have been steadily increasing worldwide. Obese patients can no longer be considered as a small group, and they deserve special attention in relation to their surgical treatment. The results of this treatment are often difficult to combine due to differences between surgical interventions, surgical approaches, organ-specific complications, surgical techniques, and classifications of complications. This review aims to provide results on the impact of obesity on the frequency and types of complications after emergency abdominal surgery based on recent publications.

The Keyhole Concept in Aneurysm Surgery: Results of the Past 20 Years

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. ons45-ons51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Fischer ◽  
Axel Stadie ◽  
Robert Reisch ◽  
Nikolai J Hopf ◽  
Georg Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Modified Rankin Scale ◽  
Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: Improvements in preoperative imaging and intraoperative visualization have led to a refinement in surgical techniques. OBJECTIVE: Report of a 20-year experience with application of the keyhole technique as a contribution to the ongoing debate on the impact of limited craniotomies in aneurysm surgery. METHODS: Over a 20-year period, 1000 consecutive patients with 1297 aneurysms were surgically treated in 1062 operations: 651 in the acute stage after SAH and 411 with unruptured aneurysms. The outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin scale and approach-related complications. RESULTS: The majority of the cases were treated by 4 different keyhole approaches: The supraorbital approach was used in 793 patients for 989 aneurysms, the subtemporal in 48 patients for 50 aneurysms, the interhemispheric in 46 patients for 51 aneurysms, and the retromastoidal in 55 patients for 55 aneurysms. In 120 patients, the classic pterional approach was applied to treat 152 aneurysms. The results of unruptured aneurysms were good (modified Rankin scale ≤ 2) in 96.52%. The complication rates of the keyhole approaches were less than in the pterional group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The overall outcome, rate of retreatment, and approach-related complications with keyhole approaches for the management of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms are comparable to recently published conventional surgical aneurysm series. In addition to the common benefits of limited-exposure approaches, this series demonstrates appropriate safety and applicability of the keyhole technique in aneurysm surgery.

scholarly journals Plastic for diaphragmal hernia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernias

The article discusses the results of a study using a patented method of two-layer laparoscopic repair of large and giant hiatal hernias using a biocarbon implant in comparison with other surgical techniques.Materials and methods. 716 patients were divided into 3 study groups based on the area of the size of the esophageal hernia defect: group I (314 patients) – with small (less than 5 cm2) and medium (5–10 cm2) hiatal hernias, that is, up to 10 cm2, which hernioplasty was performed only by the method of posterior cruraphy; group II (323 patients) – with large hernias 10–20 cm2: subgroup 1 (92 patients) underwent posterior cruraphy, subgroup 2 (231 patients) – alloplasty. Depending on the alloplasty technique, subgroup 2, in turn, was divided: subgroup A (89 people) – hernioplasty with a polypropylene implant and subgroup B (142 people) – hernioplasty with a medical biocarbon construction. Study group III (79 patients) – patients with giant diaphragmatic hernias of more than 20 cm2 using alloplasty: subgroup A (29 people) – hernioplasty with a polypropylene implant and subgroup B (50 patients) – alloplasty with a medical biocarbon construction.Results. When comparing group Ӏ with subgroup 1 of group II, the following results were obtained. Statistically significant differences were found in the degrees and types of diaphragmatic hernias. The average age of patients and statistical differences for it were insignificant. When comparing subgroup 1 with subgroup 2 of group II, statistically insignificant differences were found in the degrees and types of hiatal hernias. The difference in the average age of patients was also statistically insignificant. The difference in the average age of patients was also statistically insignificant. When comparing subgroup A with subgroup B of group II, statistically insignificant differences were found among themselves in the degrees and types of hiatal hernias. When comparing subgroup 2 of group II with group III, the difference turned out to be statistically significant in the distribution of patients by types and degrees of diaphragmatic hernias. When comparing subgroup A with subgroup B of group III by degrees and types of hiatal hernias, statistically insignificant differences were revealed.Conclusion. Posterior cruraphia in small and medium diaphragmatic hernias had significant statistical differences in types and degrees compared to that in large hernias, as well as in the average area of the hernial defect. Posterior cruraphia with hernioplasty in large hiatal hernias did not differ statistically significantly according to any of the criteria. Plastic surgery with a polypropylene implant with alloplasty of a biocarbon implant for large hernias did not differ significantly according to any of the criteria. Hernioplasty for large hiatal hernias, when compared with giant hernias, differed significantly only in the degree and type, as well as in the area of the hernial defect. «Onlay» plastic surgery with a polypropylene implant with alloplasty of biocarbon structures for giant hernias did not differ significantly according to any of the criteria, except for gender distribution, which did not have significant fundamental significance, which made it possible to make a more correct comparison of the results of surgical interventions in these research subgroups.

scholarly journals Plastic and cruroraphy for chiatal hernia

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
Igor I. Rozenfel'd ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernias

Aim. The article discusses the results of a study using a patented method of two-layer laparoscopic repair of large and giant hiatal hernias using a biocarbon implant in comparison with other surgical techniques. Materials and methods. 716 patients were divided into 3 study groups based on the area of the size of the esophageal hernia defect: group I (314 patients) – with small (less than 5 cm2) and medium (5–10 cm2) hiatal hernias, that is, up to 10 cm2, which hernioplasty was performed only by the method of posterior cruraphy; group II (323 patients) – with large hernias 10–20 cm2: subgroup 1 (92 patients) underwent posterior cruraphy, subgroup 2 (231 patients) – alloplasty. Depending on the alloplasty technique, subgroup 2, in turn, was divided: subgroup A (89 people) – hernioplasty with a polypropylene implant and subgroup B (142 people) – hernioplasty with a medical biocarbon construction. Study group III (79 patients) – patients with giant diaphragmatic hernias of more than 20 cm2 using alloplasty: subgroup A (29 people) – hernioplasty with a polypropylene implant and subgroup B (50 patients) – alloplasty with a medical biocarbon construction. Results. When comparing group I with subgroup 1 of group II, the following results were obtained. Statistically significant differences were found in the degrees and types of diaphragmatic hernias. The average age of patients and statistical differences for it were insignificant. When comparing subgroup 1 with subgroup 2 of group II, statistically insignificant differences were found in the degrees and types of hiatal hernias. The difference in the average age of patients was also statistically insignificant. The difference in the average age of patients was also statistically insignificant. When comparing subgroup A with subgroup B of group II, statistically insignificant differences were found among themselves in the degrees and types of hiatal hernias. When comparing subgroup 2 of group II with group III, the difference turned out to be statistically significant in the distribution of patients by types and degrees of diaphragmatic hernias. When comparing subgroup A with subgroup B of group III by degrees and types of hiatal hernias, statistically insignificant differences were revealed. Conclusion. Posterior cruraphia in small and medium diaphragmatic hernias had significant statistical differences in types and degrees compared to that in large hernias, as well as in the average area of the hernial defect. Posterior cruraphia with hernioplasty in large hiatal hernias did not differ statistically significantly according to any of the criteria. Plastic surgery with a polypropylene implant with alloplasty of a biocarbon implant for large hernias did not differ significantly according to any of the criteria. Hernioplasty for large hiatal hernias, when compared with giant hernias, differed significantly only in the degree and type, as well as in the area of the hernial defect. Onlay plastic surgery with a polypropylene implant with alloplasty of biocarbon structures for giant hernias did not differ significantly according to any of the criteria, except for gender distribution, which did not have significant fundamental significance, which made it possible to make a more correct comparison of the results of surgical interventions in these research subgroups.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

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