scholarly journals Histopathological changes in the gills of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) caused by the use of formaldehyde

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Sales Santos ◽  
Fernanda Menezes França ◽  
Adriana Sacioto Marcantonio ◽  
Cristina Viriato ◽  
Ana Maria Cristina Rebello Pinto Fonseca Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Aquatic Toxicology ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Formaldehyde is a carcinogenic and aggressive agent mainly to epithelial tissues. However, for rearing aquatic organisms its use is common for the treatment of fungi and parasites, and the use of incorrect doses can harm the health and life of these animals. The fish species Danio rerio and the tadpoles of the species Lithobates catesbeianus are internationally recognized for use in aquatic toxicology tests. We aimed identify the effects caused by formaldehyde on the gills of these two experimental models used in aquatic toxicology, verifying the susceptibility of both species. Acute and chronic tests with formaldehyde were conducted for experiment. We found that the formaldehyde in the higher concentration caused injuries to the gills of both fish and tadpoles, with a loss and displacement of epithelium, vascular congestion, telangiectasia and lamellar epithelial lifting/edema (possible aneurysm), hyperplasia and hypertrophy of epithelial cells, lamellar fusion in addition to the proliferation of mucus-secreting cells and chloride cells. Despite structural differences, the histological changes caused by chronic exposure to formaldehyde in sublethal concentrations were similar in both organisms and we recommend reviewing its use in prophylaxis and in prolonged treatments with this chemical.

Lethal effects of abamectin on the aquatic organisms Daphnia similis, Chironomus xanthus and Danio rerio

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Novelli ◽  
Bruna Horvath Vieira ◽  
Daniela Cordeiro ◽  
Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini ◽  
Eny Maria Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Daphnia Similis

scholarly journals Effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of zinc cyanide on tissue ATPase activity in the fresh water fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwetha Dube ◽  
B.B. Hosetti
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Cyanide Intoxication ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)2) on the ATPase (Na+-K+-, Mg2+, Ca2+) activity of the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham). Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.114 and 0.068 mg/L) and the effects were studied in the liver, muscle and gill tissues at the end of 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure. Cyanide intoxication resulted in marked changes in ATPases, represented by a significant decrease in the activities. Maximum inhibition was observed at higher concentration. The order of inhibition in the activity was Na+-K+-> Ca2+ > Mg2+ ATPase. These results imply an immediate adaptive response to the stress, demonstrating alterations in ATPase activities in the tissues of cyanide-treated fish. The present study clearly proposes that ATPases can be used as biomarkers of exposure of aquatic organisms to cyanide intoxication.

scholarly journals Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% in goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ricardo C. Brito Junior ◽  
Karoline L. Soares ◽  
Yanca G.S. Soares ◽  
Flaviane N.L. Oliveira ◽  
Renato V. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT: This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% concentration in goats. The outbreak occurred on a farm in the municipality of Prata, Paraíba state. Nitroxinil was administered to a herd of 120 goats, of which 18 presented with anorexia, vocalization, abdominal distension, weakness, staggering, and falls. Necropsy of three goats revealed that the main lesion was acute liver injury. Histologically the liver showed centrilobular necrosis associated with hemorrhage and hepatocyte degeneration. In the kidneys, tubular nephrosis with granular cylinder formations was observed. The lungs showed multifocal to coalescent areas of moderate interalveolar edema and vascular congestion. Experimental poisoning was carried out in two goats, with the same medication and doses administered on the farm. The experimental goats showed clinical signs and macroscopic and histological changes similar to the spontaneously poisoned goats. The diagnosis of nitroxinil poisoning was made based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data, and confirmed by experimental poisoning. The administration of nitroxinil in high doses, associated with high ambient temperature and physical exercises, can cause poisoning with high lethality in goats.

scholarly journals Investigating the Histological Changes in Heart, Lung, Liver and Kidney of Male Albino Mice Treated with Ivabradine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 0719
Author(s):  
Hadeel Kamil Khaleel
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Congestion ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Cardiac Atrophy ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Myocardial Degeneration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Myocardial Fibers ◽  
Hepatocyte Necrosis

            The present study aimed to investigate the histological changes of heart, lung, liver and kidney which caused by different concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) of Ivabradine. Results of the study revealed some histological changes represented by aggregation of the lymphocytes around respiratory bronchioles of the lung. In the liver, the drug caused hepatocyte necrosis and infiltration of the lymphocytes. In Kidney, there are no histopathological modifications in the tissue after the animals treated with 10 mg\kg of Ivabradine. When the animals treated with Ivabradine drug at 20mg/kg of bw, dose showed vascular congestion between myocardial fibers of heart. Emphysematous changes of the alveoli and infiltration of lymphocytes around respiratory bronchioles of lung. In the liver there were dilated blood sinusoids. Also, there are vascular congestion and congestion of capillaries in the glomerular of kidney. Male mice treated with Ivabradine drug at 40 mg/kg of bw cause increase spaces between myocardial fibers, cardiac atrophy and myocardial degeneration in the heart. In addition, there are infiltration of lymphocytes around respiratory bronchioles, pulmonary congestion and emphysematous changes of the alveoli in lung. In the liver, the drug cause amyloid deposition and degeneration of hepatocytes. Furthermore, the drug caused vascular congestion in the kidney. Conclusion: From the current study, we conclude that the different concentrations of Ivabradine caused tissue changes in the heart, lung, liver and kidneys. The study should continue using different drugs and concentrations.

scholarly journals Induced Human Intestinal Organoids (iHIOs) as Model Systems for Chemotherapy-associated Clostridium difficile (CD) Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S382-S382
Author(s):  
Senu Apewokin ◽  
Suman Pradhan ◽  
Michael Frerick ◽  
Alison Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cytotoxic Chemotherapy ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Abstract Background Patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy are ten times more likely to develop Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) than the general patient population. Efforts to outline pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying this disproportionate incidence have been limited by the lack of disease-representative experimental models. We hypothesized that iHIOs could serve as toxicity models to evaluate chemotherapy-associated CDI Methods Intact iHIOs were exposed to cytotoxic chemotherapy (melphalan) in gut media at therapeutic doses (9 μg/mL; which is the equivalent of 140 mg/m2 human dose). Cellular death was assessed by accumulation of the membrane permeant dye, Sytox-orange added at 5-days post treatment. iHIOs were also exposed to CD toxin A and B (TcdA and TcdB respectively) and epithelial barrier damage assessed by actin mislocalization and loss of E-cadherin. For controls iHIOs were exposed / microinjected with saline/PBS. Morphological and histological changes were then captured using light and confocal microscopy Results Morphologic and histologic assessments demonstrated cell death and epithelial barrier damage Conclusion iHIOs demonstrate cell death on exposure to CD toxins and melphalan chemotherapy. These properties could be harnessed in establishing toxicity models for evaluation of chemotherapy-associated CDI Disclosures S. Apewokin, T2 biosystems: Investigator, Research support Astellas: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee

scholarly journals Effect of Cadmium and Nickel Exposure on Early Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3005
Author(s):  
Seyed Javid Aldavood ◽  
Louise C. Abbott ◽  
Zachary R. Evans ◽  
Daniel J. Griffin ◽  
MaKenzie D. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Spontaneous Movement ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Combined Exposures ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

Exposure to even low concentrations of heavy metals can be toxic to aquatic organisms, especially during embryonic development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity of nickel and cadmium in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of each metal alone or in combination from 4 h through to 72 h postfertilization. Neither metal altered survival, but individual and combined exposures decreased hatching rate. Whereas cadmium did not affect total body length, trunk area, eye diameter, or eye area, nickel alone and in combination with cadmium decreased each morphological parameter. Yolk sac area, an index of metabolic rate, was not affected by nickel, but was larger in embryos exposed to high cadmium concentrations or nickel and cadmium combined at high concentrations. Nickel decreased spontaneous movement, whereas cadmium alone or nickel and cadmium combined had no effect. Neither metal altered elicited movement, but nickel and cadmium combined decreased elicited movement. Myosin protein expression in skeletal muscle was not altered by cadmium exposure. However, exposure to nickel at low concentrations and combined exposure to nickel and cadmium decreased myosin expression. Overall, nickel was more toxic than cadmium. In conclusion, we observed that combined exposures had a greater effect on movement than gross morphology, and no significant additive or synergistic interactions were present. These results imply that nickel and cadmium are toxic to developing embryos, even at very low exposure concentrations, and that these metals act via different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Ecological Risks Due to Immunotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8305
Author(s):  
Chisato Kataoka ◽  
Shosaku Kashiwada
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Tissue Changes

The immunotoxic effects of some anthropogenic pollutants on aquatic organisms are among the causes of concern over the presence of these pollutants in the marine environment. The immune system is part of an organism’s biological defense necessarily for homeostasis. Thus, the immunotoxicological impacts on aquatic organisms are important to understand the effects of pollutant chemicals in the aquatic ecosystem. When aquatic organisms are exposed to pollutant chemicals with immunotoxicity, it results in poor health. In addition, aquatic organisms are exposed to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Exposure to pollutant chemicals has reportedly caused aquatic organisms to show various immunotoxic symptoms such as histological changes of lymphoid tissue, changes of immune functionality and the distribution of immune cells, and changes in the resistance of organisms to infection by pathogens. Alterations of immune systems by contaminants can therefore lead to the deaths of individual organisms, increase the general risk of infections by pathogens, and probably decrease the populations of some species. This review introduced the immunotoxicological impact of pollutant chemicals in aquatic organisms, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and marine mammals; described typical biomarkers used in aquatic immunotoxicological studies; and then, discussed the current issues on ecological risk assessment and how to address ecological risk assessment through immunotoxicology. Moreover, the usefulness of the population growth rate to estimate the immunotoxicological impact of pollution chemicals was proposed.

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