scholarly journals Effect of Catalyst Type on the Properties of Biodiesel from Jathropha and Moringa Oil Blend

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Isaac A Bamgboye ◽  
Blessing N Iyidiobu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Moringa Oil ◽  
Oil Blend ◽  
Astm D6751

Various methods of biodiesel production have been developed in the recent past to reduce production costs. These new approaches may have varying effects on ester quality. Thus an investigation is necessary to determine cost saving measures that do not compromise ester quality. This work examined the effects of a cost saving strategy on Biodiesel quality. This conservative method involved the transesterification of a Jathropha-Moringa oil blend using a blend of two primary alcohols. Three alkaline catalysts were also used. The reaction conditions were: Jathropha to Moringa oil blending ratio of 4:1; Methanol to ethanol blending ratio of 4:1; Alkaline catalyst concentration of 0.5 w/w %; reaction time of 40 minutes; stirring speed of 1000 rpm; Temperature of 60°C and an Alcohol to oil molar ratio of 7.5. Biodiesel samples were tested according to ASTM D6751 and AOCS guidelines. Results indicated that the density, iodine values, flash point and fire points of esters did not vary significantly as the experiment was repeated using three different alkaline catalysts. It also showed that the effect of NaOH, KOH and CaO were not always negative when they were significant. Lastly, the methods applied in this did not compromise ester quality with regard to observed fuel parameters.

scholarly journals Studies on biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil in Cambodia by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Chhoun Vi Thun ◽  
Quan Thanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Astm D6751

Different technologies are currently available for biodiesel production from various kinds of lipid containing feedstock. Among them, the alkaline-catalyzed methods are the most widely studied. However, here are several disadvantages related to biodiesel production using alkaline catalysts such as generation of wastewater, catalyst deactivation, difficulty in the separation of biodiesel from catalyst and glycerin, etc. To limit the problems mentioned above, in this study, biodiesel is produced by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH. The effect of experimental variables (the molar ratio ethanol/oil of 41.18:1 – 46.82:1, reaction times of 50 - 90 minutes and reaction temperatures of 2750C - 2950C) on the yield of biodiesel was studied. The 96% yield of Cambodia biodiesel of reaction between C2H5OH and Jatropha Oil at 46:1 at temperature 2900C at 60 minutes no using catalysts. Obtained biodiesel fuel was up to the International Standard ASTM D6751 for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100).

Green Catalyzing Transesterification of Soybean Oil with Methanol for Biodiesel Based on the Reuse of Waste River-Snail Shell

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 794-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Liu ◽  
Hai Xin Bai ◽  
Dong Jie Zhu ◽  
Geng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Green Catalyst ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Diffraction Effects

In this paper, calcined river-snail shell was used as a novel solid base catalyst in the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel production. The calcined river-snail shell was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Effects of transesterification process variables were investigated. The results indicated that river-snail shell calcined at 800 °C catalyzed the transesterification of soybean oil for biodiesel with a yield over 98 % under the conditions including catalyst of 3.0% (w/w), a molar ratio of methanol/oil of 9:1, reaction time of 3 h, and reaction temperature of 65 °C. As a low-cost green catalyst, calcined river-snail shell could not only minimize the environmental wastes resulted from the solid shell, but also reduce the production costs of biodiesel.

Biodiesel Production from Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil using Naturally Alkaline Catalyst as an Effort of Green Energy and Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Handayani ◽  
H. Santosa ◽  
M. Sofyan ◽  
I. Tanjung ◽  
A. Chyntia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Near Future

Nowadays, energy that used to serve all the needs of community, mainly generated from fossil (conventional energy). Terrace in energy consumption is not balanced with adequate fossil fuel reserves and will be totally depleted in the near future. Indonesian Government through a Presidential Decree No. 5 year 2006 mandates an increased capacity in renewable energy production from 5 percent to 15 percent in 2025. C. pentandra seed oil has feasibility as a sustainable biodiesel feedstock in Indonesia. The aim of this paper was to investigate biodiesel production from ceiba petandra seed oil using naturally potassium hydroxide catalyst. Research designs are based on factorial design with 2 levels and 3 independent variables (temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of methanol to oil). According to data calculation, the most influential single variable is molar ratio of methanol to oil. Characterization of biodiesel products meet all the qualifications standardized by SNI 04-7182-2006. Keywords: biodiesel, kapok seed oil, c. pentandra, green technology

Biodiesel Production from Cottonseed Oil by Micro-Flow System

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Result ◽  
Biphasic Reaction ◽  
Micro Flow

Currently, continuous synthesis of biodiesel has been widely studied due to a series of problems imposed by biphasic reaction and thermodynamic, as well as to reduce production costs. In this work, transesterification of cottonseed oil to biodiesel was carried out in a microtube reactor with a micromixer. The effects of molar ratio of ethanol to cottonseed oil, reaction temperature and residence time had been experimentally discussed. The optimal result was obtained under the conditions of oil-to-ethanol molar ratio of 1:16, a residence time of 7min, and a temperature of 70°C.

scholarly journals TRANSESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING CAO NANOCATALYST

Konversi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindi Ramayanti ◽  
Sarah Dampang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Initial Stage

The production costs of biodiesel based on vegetable oil is not economical, so it is difficult for biodiesel to compete with petrodiesel. Waste cooking oil can be used as a source of raw materials for biodiesel production. This research aims to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The initial stage is to pretreatment of waste cooking oil. At this step, the waste cooking oil is filtered to separate impurities from the raw material. After that, it is heated to 100 oC to remove the water content. The second stage is transesterification. At this stage, the reaction time remains for one hour at a temperature of 65 oC. the product is centrifuged to separate the catalyst. The highest yield was obtained in the 12: 1 molar ratio variable and the amount of catalyst 3%, which was 0.922. Yield obtained ranged from 0.853-0.922. An increase in the molar ratio is significant enough to increase the amount of yield. However, increasing the amount of catalyst especially from 2% to 3% is not significant enough to increase biodiesel yield. The characteristics of biodiesel produced are in accordance with SNI Biodiesel, density 870 Kg / cm3, viscosity 4.25 cSt, flash point 170, and acid number 0.4 mg-KOH/g biodiesel.

scholarly journals Performance das variáveis operacionais na transesterificação etílica do óleo de soja

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
K. A. Borges ◽  
Douglas Q. Santos ◽  
W. B. Neto ◽  
J. D. Fabris ◽  
M. G. Hernández-Terrones
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fractional Factorial Experimental Design

The following operational variables in the ethylic transesterification of soybean oil were evaluated using the fractional factorial experimental design: (1) time (2) stirring speed, (3) molar ratio ethanol: triglycerides, (4) ratio of catalyst for the mass of oil (5) type of catalyst and (6) temperature. The levels for each variable studied were: (1) time, 30 and 60 minutes, (2) speed, 100 and 200 rpm, (3) molar ratio ethanol: triglycerides, 9:1 and 12:1, (4) proportion of catalyst in relation to the mass of oil, 0.5% and 1.5% (5) type of catalyst, sodium hydroxide or potassium and (6) temperature, 35 ° C and 55 ° C. The order of magnitude of the effect observed for each of these factors in terms of income, the transesterification was: concentration of the catalyst> catalyst type> molar ratio > time> temperature> speed. In this work we studied the interactions between the variables and their implications in the transesterification process via ethylic route for soybean oil. The interactions between the variables (1) and (6), (1) and (2), (1) and (5), (2) and (4) were significant and positive for the process, ie it, followed the trends the individual effects of the main variables of the interaction will be favored income. Interactions: (2) and (6), (1) and (3), (1) and (4) proved to be negative and significant which implies that followed the trends of the individual effects of the interaction of the main variables, yields biodiesel production will decrease.

scholarly journals Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Catalysed by Crystalline Copper Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5798-5808
Author(s):  
Sandhya R ◽  
Velavan R ◽  
Ravichandran J
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Biodiesel has its unique position in the field of renewable energy as alternate fuel to diesel due to fuel price, energy requirement and petroleum crisis. In this study, biodiesel was produced from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) using Copper doped Zinc Oxide (CZO) nanocatalysts. The synthesized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). Design of experiment was framed using Taguchi method to limit the experiments and to find the optimum reaction conditions. The effect of process parameters such as oil-to-methanol ratio (O/M), catalyst type, catalyst concentration, temperature and time on the transesterification reactions using characterized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalyst were investigated. The 4% (weight /weight) nanocatalyst concentration, 1:5 Oil to methanol molar ratio at 60°C temperature and 40 minutes of reaction time were found to be optimum, in which the maximum biodiesel yield of 98 % (w/w) was obtained. Hence it was determined that nanocatalysts exhibited good catalytic activities on biodiesel production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO).

scholarly journals Two-step Biodiesel Production from Used Activated Bleaching Earth at Palm Oil Refining Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7973-7980
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Bleaching Earth ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Refining Plant

A study on two-step biodiesel production of agricultural by-products, namely palm oil derived using activated bleaching earth )UABE), collected from the Oleen Palm Oil industrial refining plant consisting of 22.4 % of waste oil. This waste oil showed free fatty acid content and a saponification value of 15.5 % and 199.7 mg KOH/g, respectively. The FFA content after esterification should be approximately 1.0%, not only to save glycerol and the catalyst involved in the esterification but also to achieve high biodiesel conversion during the transesterification. An alkaline catalyst was successfully used to produce biodiesel in the second step. A 97.6% conversion to biodiesel based on the European Standard EN 14214:2003 was achieved under the conditions (1.0% NaOH catalyst relative to waste oil, the molar ratio of free fatty acid, and methanol of 1:13.22, 60ºC, 1h). Overall, this novel two-step process achieved highly enhanced biodiesel conversion (74.6% to 100.0%) with a significantly increased molar ratio of free fatty acid and methanol (1:2.71 to 1:15.89) and catalyst requirements (1.0% NaOH).

scholarly journals Phoenix dactylifera L. Seed Pretreatment for Oil Extraction and Optimization Studies for Biodiesel Production Using Ce-Zr/Al-MCM-41 Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Zainab Ibrahim Jibril ◽  
Anita Ramli ◽  
Khairulazhar Jumbri ◽  
Normawati Mohamad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Model Fitting ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Astm D6751 ◽  
Mcm 41

This work compared the effect of soaking and roasting Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds pretreatment methods on oil yield. The conversion of the Phoenix dactylifera L. seed oil to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was conducted via transesterification reaction using Ce-Zr/Al-MCM-41 monometallic and bimetallic catalysts. The reaction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology based on the central composite design (RSM-CCD). The result shows a quadratic model fitting with an R2 value of ~0.98% from the analysis of variance. In addition, the optimum FAME yield of 93.83% was obtained at a reaction temperature of 60.5 °C, a reaction time of 3.8 h, a catalyst concentration of 4 wt.%, and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 6.2:1 mol/mol. The effect of the regenerated catalyst was significantly maintained for five cycles. The fuel properties of the produced FAME lie within the values reported in studies, ASTM D6751, and EN14214 standards.

scholarly journals Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol tert-Butyl Ethers as Fuel Additives from the Biodiesel By-Product Glycerol

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
Eui Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Kinetics Of

Glycerol is a major by-product in the biodiesel production process. Every 100 kg of biodiesel produced generates approximately 10 kg of crude glycerol. As the biodiesel industry has expanded rapidly in recent years, finding new uses of the excess crude glycerol is important. Many studies have examined alternative uses of crude glycerol. One of them is the use of glycerol derivatives, such as glycerol tert-butyl ethers as fuel additives. In this paper, the etherification kinetics of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol to glycerol tert-butyl ethers was studied using an Amberlyst catalyst. The influences of the catalyst type and loading, reaction time, molar ratio, and temperature were investigated in detail.

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