Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Fresh-Water Grown Leafy Vegetables

Wastewater-grown vegetables are responsible for various diseases whereas freshwater-grown vegetables are comparatively expensive. This paper examines consumers’ willingness to pay for freshwater grown leafy vegetables, such as, cauliflower, spinach and salad. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in five selected areas of Quetta city using contingent valuation method and 255 vegetable-consumers were questioned directly with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire. The results indicate that most of the vegetable consumers (87-88%) are willing to pay extra amounts for FWGV. On average, a vegetable consumer is willing to pay 27.4%, 43% and 52% more than the original price for the three leafy vegetables (cauliflowers, salads and spinaches, respectively). The factors such as household income, level of education, awareness, use of freshwater-grown vegetables and employment were identified as determinants of consumers’ willingness to pay for FWGV. The study results reveal a high willingness to pay for FWGV by the vegetable consumers and suggests a comprehensive strategy on the part of the government to overcome the problem of wastewater-grown vegetables (WWGV).

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Determinant Factors for Cattle Insurance as a Risk Management Strategy

Agriekonomika ◽

10.21107/agriekonomika.v10i1.10147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 113-124

Author(s):

Amelia Dwi Nugrahaini ◽

Mashyuri Masyhuri ◽

Any Suryantini

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Household Income ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Financial Loss ◽

Risk Management Strategy ◽

Natural Logarithm ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Cattle Diseases ◽

Downer Cow Syndrome ◽

The Government

Cattle farmers in Gunungkidul Regency face several cattle diseases such as Helminthiasis, Anthrax, Downer Cow Syndrome, and Intoxication in which these diseases mostly attack female cows. To prevent financial loss for the farmers, the government facilitates them with cattle insurance. This study aims to determine the reasons and the cattle farmers’ willingness-to-pay for the cattle insurance by conducting a survey addressed to 100 cattle farmers and identifying the factors related to it. This study used a Contingent Valuation Method in estimating the cattle farmer's WTP. The various factors that influence the farmer's WTP were analyzed by using natural logarithm regression models. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the willingness-to-pay for cattle farmers who did not participate in cattle insurance are 22,600 IDR and farmers who participate in cattle insurance are 36,320 IDR. Education, household income, and farmers’ interest in the insurance were positively effecting toward the farmers' willingness-to-pay. However, age and the number of families showed the negative ones toward the farmers’ willingness-to-pay.

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ANALISIS WILLINGNESS TO PAY DAN PENGARUH VARIABEL PENDAPATAN, JUMLAH TANGGUNGAN RUMAH TANGGA, USIA, AKSES KE SEKOLAH TERHADAP PEMILIHAN SERTA PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SEKOLAH

Business and Finance Journal ◽

10.33086/bfj.v6i1.1981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 77-88

Author(s):

Christina Utami ◽

Metta Padmalia

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

User Fees ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Valuation Method ◽

The Government

The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyze the willingness to pay and fax tor the factors that affect the willingness to pay at High School in the of Semarang. The method used is Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and multiple linear regression analysis. The number of samples in this study were 238 respondents, the sampling technique was done by snowball sampling. The results of this study indicate that the average willingness to pay (WTP) of households in High Schools in Semarang is Rp.559.034,00. Factors that have a significant influence on WTP values are income variables, number of household dependents, age and length of access. Whereas the factors that have no effect on willingness to pay (WTP) are parents' education variables. Based on the results of the study, the suggestions that can be put forward are the management or the government to improve the quality of the Vocational School as well as the development of a transparency policy on the collection and allocation of user fees and other resources.

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Economic Valuation of Green Electricity Sources in Pakistan

Business and Economic Research ◽

10.5296/ber.v10i3.17051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Muhammad-Jawad Iqbal ◽

Abdul-Rahim Samad Abdul

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Economic Valuation ◽

Green Electricity ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Bid Price ◽

The Government

Green electricity, which comes from renewable sources such as wind, hydro and solar, are well appreciated for their being environment friendly. The advantage of these sources are apparent in part of already natural environment. Moreover, this modern form of electricity also contributes in the poverty alleviation in developing countries, which is one of the sustainable development goals (SDG). The objective of this study is to explore electricity consumers’ willingness to pay for the sustainable energy by employing the contingent valuation method (CVM). The respondents were divided into two broad categories of urban and rural consumers. A total of 400 respondents from urban and 405 respondents from rural areas were selected for this study. The CVM calculated the overall price of green electricity for the improvement of environment through increasing the share of electricity from renewable energy sources. The widely used WTP measure double-bounded dichotomous was utilised to elicit the appropriate value of green electricity from the bid price. The results from the logit regressions showed that the respondents with high income and a higher level of education are willing to pay more for green electricity in both urban and rural models. However, results also revealed that the willingness to pay for green electricity is high in younger people than older people. The mean willingness to pay has found 0.33 cents per kWh in the urban model, while is 0.24 in the rural model. The results provided a guideline to the government to charge an appropriate surcharge from the consumers in order to enhance the share of green electricity in energy mix.

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Willingness to Pay for Enhanced Water Security in a Rapidly Developing Shale Gas Region in China

Water ◽

10.3390/w11091888 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1888 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Danlu Jiang ◽

Dong Bai ◽

Zhaowei Yin ◽

Gongyuan Fan

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Shale Gas ◽

Household Income ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Primary Source ◽

Water Security ◽

Gas Field ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Need To Evaluate

With the rapid development of shale gas exploration (SGE) in China, there is an urgent need to evaluate the public’s preferences with respect to the environmental risks that go along with the exploration, which have not yet been studied in the literature. This study aims to estimate local residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for a water security-enhanced scenario in the Fuling shale gas field, Chongqing, China. Using the double-bounded contingent valuation method, we estimate that the annual mean WTP is 32.655 Chinese yuan per year per household, which accounts for 3.80% of the basic household gas bill. The results also show that WTP is significantly influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, including the age of the respondent, household location, household income, and primary source of household income. Moreover, the respondents’ satisfaction with respect to the environmental impacts caused by SGE also has negative influences on the WTP. Thus, our analysis estimates the affected public’s benefits during SGE and provides insight into the relevant policymaking process.

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Smallholder Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Production Cost Insurance in Rural West Java, Indonesia: A Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) Approach

Risks ◽

10.3390/risks7020069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dadang Jainal Mutaqin ◽

Koichi Usami

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Production Cost ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

West Java ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Cropping Season ◽

The Government

To reduce the negative impacts of risks in farming due to climate change, the government implemented agricultural production cost insurance in 2015. Although a huge amount of subsidy has been allocated by the government (80 percent of the premium), farmers’ participation rate is still low (23 percent of the target in 2016). In order to solve the issue, it is indispensable to identify farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for and determinants of their participation in agricultural production cost insurance. Based on a field survey of 240 smallholder farmers in the Garut District, West Java Province in August–October 2017 and February 2018, the contingent valuation method (CVM) estimated that farmers’ mean willingness to pay (WTP) was Rp 30,358/ha/cropping season ($2.25/ha/cropping season), which was 16 percent lower than the current premium (Rp 36,000/ha/cropping season = $2.67/ha/cropping season). Farmers who participated in agricultural production cost insurance shared some characteristics: operating larger farmland, more contact with agricultural extension service, lower expected production for the next cropping season, and a downstream area location.

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Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Cassava Flour Inclusion in Bread, a Case Study of Lagos State, Nigeria

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v4n2p92 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Erih E. A. ◽

Oni O. A. ◽

Fashogbon A. E.

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Probit Model ◽

Cassava Flour ◽

Bivariate Probit Model ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Lagos State ◽

The Mean ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The study was conducted to address the issue of consumers’ willingness to pay for inclusion of cassava flour in bread in Lagos State. The data were collected randomly from a sample of 300 respondents in the state through the use of a well structured questionnaire. The contingent valuation method was adopted to estimate both the mean willingness to pay of consumers and the factors that affect their willingness to pay and these were analyzed using the bivariate probit model. The most significant model was the 10percent cassava flour inclusion as it has the highest number of significant variables (eight) followed by 20percent cassava flour inclusion with seven significant variables and 30 and 40percent cassava flour inclusion with six significant variables each. The factors that influenced consumers’ willingness to pay for CCW bread were the respondent’s age, gender, respondents’ awareness, married respondents, respondents with head position,and bread share which is the proportion of respondents income spent on bread to total income. The mean willingness to pay for bread with an inclusion of cassava flour at 10, 20, 30, and 40percent cassava flour inclusion were ?172.70, ?165.00, ?154.07, and ?142.78 respectively for initial bid while the mean willingness-to-pay at 10, 20, 30, and 40percent cassava flour inclusion were ?180.20, ?150.41, ?143.35, and ?127.36 respectively for subsequent bid. Arising from the result of this study, birth control policies were recommended among respondents in the study area.

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Analysis of Willingness to Pay (WTP) at Vocational High School

Economics Development Analysis Journal ◽

10.15294/edaj.v8i2.29884 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 120-129

Author(s):

Anik Susanti ◽

Dyah Maya Nihayah

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Vocational High School ◽

Valuation Method ◽

The Government

The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyze the willingness to pay (willingness to pay) and fax tor the factors that affect the willingness to pay at Vocational High School in the of Semarang. The method used is Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and multiple linear regression analysis. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents, the sampling technique was done by purposive sampling and proportional sampling. The results of this study indicate that the average willingness to pay (WTP) of households in Vocational High Schools in Semarang is Rp. 167.950,00. Factors that have a significant influence on WTP values are income variables, number of household dependents, age and length of access. Whereas the factors that have no effect on willingness to pay (WTP) are parents' education variables. Based on the results of the study, the suggestions that can be put forward are the management or the government to improve the quality of the Vocational School as well as the development of a transparency policy on the collection and allocation of user fees and other resources

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Society’s Willingness to Pay for Certified Dry Firewood Energy in Chile

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2021.676654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Leidy Y. García ◽

Arcadio A. Cerda ◽

Rocio del P. Lagos ◽

Patricio I. Muñoz ◽

Monserrat Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Economic Value ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Wood Burning ◽

Pollution Damage ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Government ◽

Non Market Valuation

Introduction: Air pollution is present in most cities in Chile due to smoke produced from firewood, as happened in many developing countries, generating various health problems among the population. This situation is especially prevalent in all cities in central and southern Chile. To mitigate it, the government implemented several measures, among which are the promotion of the use of certified dry firewood and hourly restrictions on the use of wood-burning stoves for heating according to the peak emissions of particulate matter.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the willingness to pay for certified dry firewood as a means of reducing environmental restrictions on the use of wood-burning stoves to heat households.Materials and methods: The study used a non-market valuation, specifically contingent valuation, method using a double-bounded dichotomous choice format with the estimation of biprobit econometric models.Results: The results showed that the average individual was willing to pay 12 USD, and extrapolating that to the local population’s willingness to pay yielded an economic value of 3,415,140 USD, which to a certain extent represents the valuation of air pollution damage.Conclusion: Our results showed that people positively valued the use of dry firewood as a payment vehicle to improve air quality and thereby reduce restrictions on the use of certified dry firewood for heating. Therefore, complementary environmental policy measures should be continued to address the problem of air pollution in both the short and long term.

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Estimating the Recreational Value of the Abdanan Black Twin Lake: A Contingent Valuation Approach

10.20944/preprints202108.0086.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Sayehmiri ◽

Atefeh heidarvand

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation ◽

Household Income ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Economic Valuation ◽

Environmental Policies ◽

Human Beings ◽

Recreational Value ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Recreational Use

As one of the unique destinations in Iran, Abdanan Black Twin Lake attracts many tourists yearly. Among striking features is the presence of minerals, boiling springs, and its beautiful landscape. Human beings are willing to spend money on such natural resources. An economic valuation can be interfered constructively and positively in improving environmental policies. So, quantifying these benefits is of the utmost importance. The paper mainly estimated the tourists' willingness to pay and their recreational value using the contingent valuation method. Random sampling was conducted on 384 people using the two-dimensional double-choice questionnaire in spring 2019. In the Twin Lake Recreational Value Questionnaire, the main questions were devoted to the visitors' willingness to pay, with three bids of 0.07 $, 0.14 $, and 0.22$. Among 384 respondents, 304 (79%) were willing to pay for recreational use of the lake, and 80 respondents (21%) were not. The likelihood, the model's parameters were estimated. The findings indicated the average tourists' willingness to pay for recreational value was estimated at 0.09$ per visit and the recreational value of this lake for each household was estimated at 0.40$. The findings revealed the effect of education, household income, household size and tourists' willingness to pay was significant.

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Determinants of willingness to pay for non-technical irrigation in East Java, Indonesia

10.20944/preprints201806.0144.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Rondhi ◽

Bagus Peratama ◽

Subhan Budiman ◽

Anik Suwandari ◽

Julian Ridjal

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Economic Value ◽

Social Variables ◽

Valuation Method ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

Water Fee ◽

Irrigation Infrastructure ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Declining water supply is the main cause of rising water fee for agricultural use. Moreover, in non-technical irrigation, poor irrigation infrastructure exacerbates water scarcity. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify farmer willingness to pay for non-technical irrigation and its determinants. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 100 farmers. Contingent valuation method was employed to elicit farmer WTP and multiple linear regression was used to find its determinants. The result shows that farmer average WTP is Rp 3,055,168 /ha/year. It accounts for 20 percent of total farmer revenue and almost 20 times fee for technical irrigation. Economic and technical variables are the significant determinants of WTP while social variables seem insignificant to WTP. This result indicates high economic value of water, and to improve irrigation management we recommend establishing irrigation infrastructure gradually by mobilizing farmer resources (capital and management) and strengthening WUA.

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