Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Carbonate Solvent – Part:1

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sathish ◽  
D. Seeniammal ◽  
R. Poornima ◽  
J. Raghava Rao
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Chrome Tanning ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Broth Dilution

Antimicrobial agents have been used in leather manufacturing to prevent leather products from microbial contamination. In this work, the antifungal activity of green solvent such as propylene carbonate was investigated against the mixed culture of fungi isolated from wet-blue using broth dilution/well diffusion. A concentration of 5% and above (propylene carbonate) showed effective antifungal activity against the mixed culture of fungi and the efficiency of propylene carbonate on the mixed culture increased with increasing concentration/volume. Propylene carbonate exhibited fungistatic activity against the mixed culture of fungi but it lost its activity after a certain period and fungal growth was observed again.  It was also found that 2% propylene carbonate in chrome tanning process effectively inhibited the fungal growth and the wet-blue can be preserved up to 30 days without any fungal attack.

scholarly journals Manganese (II) and Cobalt (II) Acetylacetonates as Antimicrobial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
S G Yiase ◽  
S O Adejo ◽  
S T Iningev
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Broth Dilution

Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes were prepared by reaction of the metal chlorides with acetylacetone in ammonical aqueous medium. The metal complexes were prepared in order to investigate their antimicrobial activity on some selected pathogens. The characterisation of the complexes was on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques like infrared and ultraviolet studies. The compounds were subjected to antimicrobial activity screening using serial broth dilution method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) were determined. Mn(II) complex has shown significantly both antibacterial and antifungal activity with a MIC of 1.25 μg/mL while Co(II) complex was noticeable for antifungal activity at the same concentration. Whereas Mn(II) acetylacetonate is a more potent bactericide while Co(II) acetylacetonate is a more potent fungicide, both with MBC/MFC value of 2.5 μg/mL. Antimicrobial agent of the ligand has enhanced on complexation with Mn(II) and Co(II) ions. Though, the potency of the prepared antibiotics on the tested microbes is less compared to the standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin and Fulcin).

scholarly journals Induction of Cryptic Antifungal Pulicatin Derivatives from Pantoea Agglomerans by Microbial Co-Culture

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bathini Thissera ◽  
Hani A. Alhadrami ◽  
Marwa H. A. Hassan ◽  
Hossam M. Hassan ◽  
Fathy A. Behery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mixed Fermentation ◽  
Total Extract

Microbial co-culture or mixed fermentation proved to be an efficient strategy to expand chemical diversity by the induction of cryptic biosynthetic pathways, and in many cases led to the production of new antimicrobial agents. In the current study, we report a rare example of the induction of silent/cryptic bacterial biosynthetic pathway by the co-culture of Durum wheat plant roots-associated bacterium Pantoea aggolomerans and date palm leaves-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum. The initial co-culture indicated a clear fungal growth inhibition which was confirmed by the promising antifungal activity of the co-culture total extract against Pc. LC-HRMS chemical profiling demonstrated a huge suppression in the production of secondary metabolites (SMs) of axenic cultures of both species with the emergence of new metabolites which were dereplicated as a series of siderophores. Large-scale co-culture fermentation led to the isolation of two new pulicatin derivatives together with six known metabolites which were characterised using HRESIMS and NMR analyses. During the in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of the isolated compounds, pulicatin H (2) exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against Pc, followed by aeruginaldehyde (1) and pulicatin F (4), hence explaining the initial growth suppression of Pc in the co-culture environment.

The killer yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus Cf20 exerts a broad anti-Candida activity through the production of killer toxins and volatile compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1102-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Fernández de Ullivarri ◽  
Gabriela A Bulacios ◽  
Silvia A Navarro ◽  
Lucía Lanza ◽  
Lucia M Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Killer Yeast ◽  
Wickerhamomyces Anomalus ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Killer Toxins

Abstract Candidiasis is a group of opportunistic infections caused by yeast of the genus Candida. The appearance of drug resistance and the adverse effects of current antifungal therapies require the search for new, more efficient therapeutic alternatives. Killer yeasts have aroused as suitable candidates for mining new antifungal compounds. Killer strains secrete antimicrobial proteins named killer toxins, with promissory antifungal activity. Here we found that the killer yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus Cf20 and its cell-free supernatant (CFS) inhibited six pathogenic strains and one collection strain of Candida spp. The inhibition is mainly mediated by secreted killer toxins and, to a lesser extent, by volatile compounds such as acetic acid and ethyl acetate. A new large killer toxin (>180 kDa) was purified, which exerted 70–74% of the total CFS anti-Candida activity, and the previously described glucanase KTCf20 was inhibitory in a lesser extent as well. In addition, we demonstrated that Cf20 possesses the genes encoding for the β-1,3-glucanases WaExg1 and WaExg2, proteins with extensively studied antifungal activity, particularly WaExg2. Finally, the 10-fold concentrated CFS exerted a high candidacidal effect at 37°C, completely inhibiting the fungal growth, although the nonconcentrated CFS (RCF 1) had very limited fungistatic activity at this temperature. In conclusion, W. anomalus Cf20 produces different low and high molecular weight compounds with anti-Candida activity that could be used to design new therapies for candidiasis and as a source for novel antimicrobial compounds as well.

Copper-catalyzed Convenient Synthesis and SAR Studies of Substituted-1,2,3-triazole as Antimicrobial Agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Aniket P. Sarkate ◽  
Kshipra S. Karnik ◽  
Pravin S. Wakte ◽  
Ajinkya P. Sarkate ◽  
Ashwini V. Izankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Sar Studies ◽  
Convenient Synthesis ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background:A novel copper-catalyzed synthesis of substituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives has been developed and performed by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azides with alkynes. The reaction is one-pot multicomponent.Objective:We state the advancement and execution of a methodology allowing for the synthesis of some new substituted 1,2,3-triazole analogues with antimicrobial activity.Methods:A series of triazole derivatives was synthesized by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azides with alkynes. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against a series of strains of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and against the strains of Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nigar for antifungal activity, respectively.Results and Conclusion:From the antimicrobial data, it was observed that all the newly synthesized compounds showed good to moderate level of antibacterial and antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal Activity by Mixed Oxide Metallic Nanocomposite against Candida spp.

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Precious Ayanwale ◽  
Brenda Lizbeth Estrada-Capetillo ◽  
Simón Yobanny Reyes-López
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Human Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Viability Study ◽  
High Doses

High doses of antimicrobial agents are a huge threat due to the increasing number of pathogenic organisms that are becoming resistant to antimicrobial agents. This resistance has led to a search for alternatives. Therefore, this study presents the synthesis and characterization of ZrO2-Ag2O nanoparticles (NPs) by sol-gel. The NPs were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-visible (UV-vis), Raman and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The NPs were later evaluated for their antifungal effects against Candidaalbicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis, using disc diffusion and microdilution methods, followed by the viability study. The DLS showed sizes for ZrO2 76 nm, Ag2O 50 nm, and ZrO2-Ag2O samples between 14 and 42 nm. UV-vis shows an absorption peak at 300 nm for ZrO2 and a broadband for Ag2O NPs. Raman spectra were consistent with factor group analysis predictions. SEM showed spherically shaped NPs. The antifungal activity result suggested that ZrO2-Ag2O NPs were effective against Candida spp. From the viability study, there was no significance difference in viability as a function of time and concentration on human mononuclear cells. This promising result can contribute toward the development of alternative therapies to treat fungal diseases in humans.

scholarly journals Biodirected Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Honey Solutions and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Candida Spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7715
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Czernel ◽  
Dominika Bloch ◽  
Arkadiusz Matwijczuk ◽  
Jolanta Cieśla ◽  
Monika Kędzierska-Matysek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Honey Solution ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous honey solutions with a concentration of 2%, 10%, and 20%—AgNPs-H2, AgNPs-H10, and AgNPs-H20. The reaction was conducted at 35 °C and 70 °C. Additionally, nanoparticles obtained with the citrate method (AgNPs-C), while amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole were used as controls. The presence and physicochemical properties of AgNPs was affirmed by analyzing the sample with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The 20% honey solution caused an inhibition of the synthesis of nanoparticles at 35 °C. The antifungal activity of the AgNPs was evaluated using opportunistic human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The antifungal effect was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. The highest activity in the MIC tests was observed in the AgNPs-H2 variant. AgNPs-H10 and AgNPs-H20 showed no activity or even stimulated fungal growth. The results of the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test for C. parapsilosis strains indicated stronger antifungal activity of AgNPs-H than fluconazole. The study demonstrated that the antifungal activity of AgNPs is closely related to the concentration of honey used for the synthesis thereof.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4383
Author(s):  
Barbara Lapinska ◽  
Aleksandra Szram ◽  
Beata Zarzycka ◽  
Janina Grzegorczyk ◽  
Louis Hardan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Modifying the composition of dental restorative materials with antimicrobial agents might induce their antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria, e.g., S.mutans and L.acidophilus, as well as antifungal effect on C.albicans that are major oral pathogens. Essential oils (EOs) are widely known for antimicrobial activity and are successfully used in dental industry. The study aimed at evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activity of EOs and composite resin material (CR) modified with EO against oral pathogens. Ten EOs (i.e., anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary thyme) were tested using agar diffusion method. Cinnamon and thyme EOs showed significantly highest antibacterial activity against S.mutans and L.acidophilus among all tested EOs. Anise and limette EOs showed no antibacterial activity against S.mutans. All tested EOs exhibited antifungal activity against C.albicans, whereas cinnamon EO showed significantly highest and limette EO significantly lowest activity. Next, 1, 2 or 5 µL of cinnamon EO was introduced into 2 g of CR and microbiologically tested. The modified CR showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to unmodified one. CR containing 2 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against S.mutans and C.albicans, while CR modified with 1 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against L.acidophilus.

scholarly journals Synthetic Histidine-Rich Peptides Inhibit Candida Species and Other Fungi In Vitro: Role of Endocytosis and Treatment Implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2797-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingsong Zhu ◽  
Paul W. Luther ◽  
Qixin Leng ◽  
A. James Mixson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Nucleic Acid Delivery ◽  
Histatin 5 ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Endosomal Acidification

ABSTRACT A family of histidine-rich peptides, histatins, is secreted by the parotid gland in mammals and exhibits marked inhibitory activity against a number of Candida species. We were particularly interested in the mechanism by which histidine-rich peptides inhibit fungal growth, because our laboratory has synthesized a variety of such peptides for drug and nucleic acid delivery. In contrast to naturally occurring peptides that are linear, peptides made on synthesizers can be varied with respect to their degrees of branching. Using this technology, we explored whether histidine-lysine (HK) polymers of different complexities and degrees of branching affect the growth of several species of Candida. Polymers with higher degrees of branching were progressively more effective against Candida albicans, with the four-branched polymer, H2K4b, most effective. Furthermore, H2K4b accumulated efficiently in C. albicans, which may indicate its ability to transport other antifungal agents intracellularly. Although H2K4b had greater antifungal activity than histatin 5, their mechanisms were similar. Toxicity in C. albicans induced by histatin 5 or branched HK peptides was markedly reduced by 4,4′-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonate, an inhibitor of anion channels. We also determined that bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of endosomal acidification, significantly decreased the antifungal activity of H2K4b. This suggests that the pH-buffering and subsequent endosomal-disrupting properties of histidine-rich peptides have a role in their antifungal activity. Moreover, the ability of the histidine component of these peptides to disrupt endosomes, which allows their escape from the lysosomal pathway, may explain why these peptides are both effective antifungal agents and nucleic acid delivery carriers.

Antifungal activity of dermadex-agents for the treatment of microsporia and trichophytia

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
L. R. Zakieva ◽  
R. S. Garaev ◽  
M. T. Tremasov
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Medicinal Form ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Fungistatic Activity

The aim of our study was the toxicological evaluation of the drug Dermadex, which is a new medicinal form of the antifungal agent 2-mercantobenzothiazole, as well as the study of its fungicidal and fungistatic activity with the development of tactics for the treatment of microsporia and trichophytia.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of components used for decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Lima Gouveia ◽  
Isabelle Cristine Melo Freire ◽  
Maria Luísa de Alencar e Silva Leite ◽  
Rebeca Dantas Alves Figueiredo ◽  
Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The effectiveness of antimicrobial solutions employed in dental prosthesis decontamination is still uncertain. Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of cleaners used in the decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans. Material and method: The evaluated products were: Corega Tabs(r) (S1), Sodium Hypochlorite 1% (S2), Sodium Bicarbonate 1% (S3), Hydrogen Peroxide 1% (S4), Chlorhexidine Digluconate 0.12% - Periogard (r) (S5), Mouthrinse based on essential oils - Listerine(r) (S6), essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) at concentrations of 1% (S7) and 2% (S8). The antifungal activity of the products was evaluated by agar diffusion technique and the determination of microbial death curve of samples of C. albicans (ATCC 90028) in concentration 1.5 × 106 CFU/mL. The tests were performed in triplicate and statistical analysis was made by ANOVA Two-Way and Tukey tests, with the confidence level of 95%. Result: The average of the zones of inhibition growth, in millimeters, obtained for the products were: 0.0 (S1), 44.7 (S2), 0.0 (S3), 21.6 (S4), 10.0 (S5), 6.1 (S6), 0.0 (S7) and 2.4 (S8). Considering the determination of microbial death curve, all products showed a statistical difference (p<0.01) from control (0.85% sodium chloride) and S3 groups. Fungal growth less than 2×104 CFU/mL and an accentuation of the microbial death curve were observed after 30 minutes, with exception for S3 and control groups. Conclusion: The studied compounds, with the exception of Sodium Bicarbonate, have antifungal effect against C. albicans, which contribute for dental prostheses hygiene.

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