MELANIN IN THE PINEAL GLANDS OF CANIDAE

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Светлана Николаевна Калинина ◽  
Виктор Александрович Илюха ◽  
Людмила Борисовна Узенбаева ◽  
Екатерина Петровна Антонова ◽  
Екатерина Сергеевна Брулер ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Species Membership ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Цель - проанализировать наличие меланина и оценить частоту встречаемости пигментированных шишковидных желёз (ШЖ) у псовых разных возрастных групп. Материал и методы. Объекты исследования - енотовидная собака (Nyctereutes procyonoides Grey), лисица (Vulpes vulpes L.) и песец (V. Lagopus L.). У неполовозрелых, или ювенильных (6-8 мес), и половозрелых (1,5-3,5 лет) самок животных каждого вида визуально оценивали наличие пигментации ШЖ и подсчитывали доли (%) пигментированных и непигментированных желёз. Число неполовозрелых и взрослых животных каждого вида было следующим: енотовидной собаки (n=4, n=15), лисицы (n=15, n=28) и песца (n=14, n=14 соответственно). Морфологические особенности ШЖ изучали гистологическими методами исследования, срезы окрашивали гематоксилином - эозином, а также по Массону-Фонтана. Результаты. В ШЖ исследованных видов обнаружены скопления пигмента меланина как на периферии железы, так и возле кровеносных сосудов. Визуально зафиксирована большая вариабельность пигментации желёз: от непигментированных до интенсивно пигментированных. На частоту встречаемости пигментированных желёз оказывали влияние возраст и видовая принадлежность. У енотовидных собак пигментированные эпифизы наблюдались только у неполовозрелых особей (25 %), у лисиц - только у взрослых (21,4 %). У песцов они были характерны для обеих возрастных групп, но с возрастом их доля снижалась (с 21,4 до 7,1 %). Выводы. Обнаружена широкая вариабельность степени пигментации ШЖ у псовых. Частота встречаемости пигментированных ШЖ характеризуется видоспецифичностью и зависит от возраста животных. Objective - to study the presence of melanin in the pineal gland (PG) and to assess the frequency of the pigmented glands occurrence in Canidae of different age groups. Material and methods. The objects of the research were raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides Grey), fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) and Arctic fox (V. lagopus L.). In immature (6-8 months) and adult (1,5-3,5 years) females of each species, the presence of the PG pigmentation was visually assessed and the proportion (%) of the pigmented and non-pigmented PG was calculated. The number of immature and adult animals was as follows: raccoon dog - n=4, n=15, fox - n=15, n=28, Arctic fox - n=14, n=14, accordingly. PG morphology was studied by histological methods; the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and according to Masson-Fontana technique. Results. Clusters of melanin in the PG of studied species were located both on the periphery of the gland and near the blood vessels. The great variability of the PG pigmentation was detected. The age and the species membership affected the frequency of pigmented PGs findings. In raccoon dogs pigmented PGs were observed in immature individuals only (25 %), in foxes - in adults only (21,4 %). In blue foxes pigmented PGs were characteristic of both age groups, but with age their proportions decreased (from 21,4 to 7,1 %). Conclusions. A great variability in the degree of PG pigmentation was demonstrated. The frequency of the pigmented glands occurrence in Canidae is species-specific and depends on the age of the animals.

Facilitative interactions between the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kowalczyk ◽  
B. Jędrzejewska ◽  
A. Zalewski ◽  
W. Jędrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Facilitative Interactions ◽  
Raccoon Dogs ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Based on radio-tracking of Eurasian badgers ( Meles meles (L., 1758)), red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)), and raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834)) and observations at burrows conducted in Białowieża Primeval Forest (eastern Poland) in 1996–2002, we addressed the hypothesis that facilitative interactions between a native (badger) and an alien (raccoon dog) species contributed to the invasion success of the latter. In winter, 88% of badger setts were occupied by both badgers and raccoon dogs, 4% by badgers and red foxes, and 4% by all three species. In summer, only 20% of badger setts were cohabited by other carnivore species (10% by raccoon dogs and 10% by foxes). Duration of occupation of badger setts by raccoon dogs averaged 117 days (SE = 21 days). Seasonal variation in raccoon dog use of badger setts was explained by changes in ambient temperature: the lower was the temperature, the higher was the rate of sett occupation by raccoon dogs. When wintering in the same sett, badgers and raccoon dogs used different parts of the sett. We conclude that facilitation by badgers (through habitat amelioration and refuge from cold and predation) makes the realized niche of raccoon dogs larger than predicted from their fundamental niche. The facilitating role of badger is stronger in winter, which is a critical period for raccoon dog survival in the temperate and boreal zone.

scholarly journals First report of ticks in the subcutaneous tissue of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 571-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Matysiak ◽  
O. Wasielewski ◽  
J. Włodarek ◽  
A. Ondrejkova ◽  
P. Tryjanowski
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
First Report ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Ticks are common ectoparasites of animals; they also carry many tick-borne pathogens that are often detrimental for the health of both animals and humans. These parasites have been found in subcutaneous tissue, mainly in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), but the reason for this is unknown. In this study we report the first occurrence of the tick in an unusual location in the subcutaneous tissue of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides. The study was carried out on two adult male raccoon dogs, hunted in Western Poland. After the necropsy, one was found to have a partially decomposed tick, a female Ixodes ricinus, in the groin region.

scholarly journals The Presence of Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibody in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa), a Non-Target Bait Vaccine Animal in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ha-Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong-Kun Yang ◽  
Ja-Young Wang ◽  
Dong-Jun An
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Target Animal ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Oral vaccination with bait is an effective method to prevent rabies in wildlife, but non-target wild animals may also ingest the bait vaccine. In Korea, the target animal of the rabies bait vaccine is the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Bait vaccines have been distributed in Korea for 20 years; although wild raccoon dogs have been tested for antibodies, rabies antibodies have never been investigated in non-target wild animals. Therefore, this study investigated rabies antibody formation in wild boars (Sus scrofa), which is likely the main competitor for the bait vaccine in Korea. In bait areas, 20 of 109 wild boars (18.3%) were seropositive, and 39 of 470 wild boars (8.3%) in non-bait areas were also seropositive. These results provide insights regarding bait uptake or vaccination in non-target wild boars.

scholarly journals Trichinella spp. biomass has increased in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Estonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Age Kärssin ◽  
Liidia Häkkinen ◽  
Enel Niin ◽  
Katrin Peik ◽  
Annika Vilem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild carnivores in north-eastern Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szewczyk ◽  
Joanna Werszko ◽  
Anna W. Myczka ◽  
Zdzisław Laskowski ◽  
Grzegorz Karbowiak
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate parasitic intracellular bacterium. It is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, with effects on human and animal health. In Europe, the pathogen is mainly transmitted among a wide range of vertebrate hosts by blood-sucking arthropods. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores, viz raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), badgers (Meles meles), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), martens (Martes sp.) and European polecats (Mustela putorius), using molecular methods. Methods In the present study, 174 spleen samples were collected from adult, wild carnivores hunted in the years 2013–2016. A short fragment (383 bp) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequence was used as a marker to identify A. phagocytophilum in spleen samples collected from carnivores using nested PCR. Results The prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores was 31.61% (55/174). Seven sequences of A. phagocytophilum were generated from two raccoon dogs, two badgers, one marten, one red fox and one European polecat. Six identical nucleotide sequences were obtained from one raccoon dog, two badgers, one marten, one red fox and one European polecat (A. phagocytophilum sequences 1: MH328205–MH328209, MH328211), and these were identical to many A. phagocytophilum sequences in the GenBank database (100% similarity). The second sequence (A. phagocytophilum sequence 2: MH328210) obtained from the raccoon dog shared 99.74% identity with A. phagocytophilum sequence 1. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to use molecular methods to determine the presence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores, viz raccoon dog, badger, marten and European polecat, in Poland. The detected A. phagocytophilum sequences (1 and 2) were closely related with those of A. phagocytophilum occurring in a wide range of wild and domestic animals and vectors.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Retention in Wild and Farmed Canids

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gugołek ◽  
Janusz Strychalski ◽  
Małgorzata Konstantynowicz ◽  
Cezary Zwoliński
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract The aim of this study, conducted in November 2012, was to determine whether farming of common foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) leads to changes in nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in comparison with their wild counterparts. Wild and farmed animals were compared within and between species. Each group consisted of five males and five females aged around eight months. Farmed silver foxes - a variety of the common red fox (group FSF) and farmed raccoon dogs (group FRD) were purchased from a breeding farm in southeastern Poland. Wild red foxes (group WRF) and wild raccoon dogs (group WRD) were trapped in the hunting grounds of the Polish Hunting Association (Olsztyn Division). The animals were placed in metabolism cages. The coefficients of nutrient and energy digestibility, and daily nitrogen balance and retention values were compared between groups. Farmed animals tended to have higher digestibility coefficients than their wild counterparts. No significant differences were noted within species. The coefficients of dry matter (P≤0.01), organic matter (P≤0.05, P≤0.05) and protein (only FSF vs. WRD - P≤0.05) digestibility were higher in foxes. Raccoon dogs were characterized by higher digestibility of carbohydrates - N-free extracts (P≤0.01). Nitrogen retention was higher in farmed animals. The highest and lowest levels of retained nitrogen were observed in groups FSF and WRD, respectively

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Variability in Farmed and Wild Populations of Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes Procyonoides) Using Microsatellite Sequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornel Kasperek ◽  
Beata Horecka ◽  
Andrzej Jakubczak ◽  
Brygida Ślaska ◽  
Magdalena Gryzińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract The aim of this study was to detect possible differences between farmed and wild-living raccoon dogs. Analysis of polymorphism in 15 microsatellite sequences led to the conclusion that raccoon dogs raised on Polish farms and wild raccoon dogs living in Poland are two genetically distinct groups of animals. Wild Polish raccoon dogs are genetically more similar to the population of wild animals from the Kaliningrad Region than to farmed animals. The analysis of microsatellite loci showed clear genetic differences between farmed and wild-living populations of raccoon dog, despite only 50 years of isolation of the two groups of animals. The farmed population was characterized by higher genetic variation than the wild-living population. On the basis of the analyses three microsatellite loci (INU014, Ren13J22 and Ren41D20) were proposed for determination of the origin of animals that have escaped from farms.

scholarly journals AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND PANCREAS GROWTH IN THE RACCOON DOG INHABITING THE RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATED TERRITORY OF THE BELARUSIAN SECTOR OF THE EXCLUSION ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
K.D. Kavaliou ◽  
D.N. Fiadotau
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anatomical Nomenclature ◽  
Radiation Zone ◽  
First Time ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

The objective of the study was to determine the age-related anatomical features and patterns of growth of the pancreas of the raccoon dogs in the zone of removal of the anthropogenic load of the exclusion zone. For the research 4 age groups were used. The terminology of the described structures of the pancreas was brought into compliance with the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. For the first time it was found that for the raccoon dog, living in a radiation zone, the linear and weight parameters of the pancreas growth depend on age.

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