scholarly journals AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND PANCREAS GROWTH IN THE RACCOON DOG INHABITING THE RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATED TERRITORY OF THE BELARUSIAN SECTOR OF THE EXCLUSION ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
K.D. Kavaliou ◽  
D.N. Fiadotau
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anatomical Nomenclature ◽  
Radiation Zone ◽  
First Time ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

The objective of the study was to determine the age-related anatomical features and patterns of growth of the pancreas of the raccoon dogs in the zone of removal of the anthropogenic load of the exclusion zone. For the research 4 age groups were used. The terminology of the described structures of the pancreas was brought into compliance with the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. For the first time it was found that for the raccoon dog, living in a radiation zone, the linear and weight parameters of the pancreas growth depend on age.

scholarly journals Age-related aspects of parasitic morbidity among children in Perm

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
E. A. Kochergina ◽  
Yu. N. Proskurnova ◽  
M. O. Gushchin
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Perm Region

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of the incidence of helminthiasis among children, who live in the city of Perm. Materials and methods. We have retrospectively analyzed the monthly reports of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Perm Region for 20152020. These reports include the dynamics of the incidence of helminthiasis among four age groups of children: from 1 month to 2 years, 36 years, 714 and 1517 years. Results. Enterobiosis, ascariasis and toxocarosis predominate in the structure of the morbidity in the city of Perm. We found that over the past five years, there has been an increase in the incidence of enterobiosis by 16 %, but the increase in the incidence of ascariasis and toxocarosis reduced 18 and 25 %, respectively. The rate of decline remains insufficient and the incidence of enterobiosis exceeds the All-Russian one by 2.8 times, ascariasis by 2.7 times and toxocarosis by 4.3 times in comparison with the incidence of parasitic infestations in the Russian Federation. We found that the peak incidence of each nosology falls on the preschool age from 3 to 6 years. Just at this age period, children enter organized groups for the first time, get acquainted with the world through "taste it" and have low sanitary skills. Conclusions. A routine parasitic screening is effective, since in 2020, more than a half of sick children in Perm were identified during preventive examinations (65.7 %) and only in 34.3 % of cases the diagnosis of parasitic infestation was established on the basis of clinical data.

Marked Increase in Incident Gynecomastia: A 20-Year National Registry Study, 1998 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 3134-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Koch ◽  
Elvira V Bräuner ◽  
Alexander S Busch ◽  
Martha Hickey ◽  
Anders Juul
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Danish Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Patient ◽  
First Time

Abstract Context Gynecomastia, the proliferation of mammary glandular tissue in the male, is a frequent but little-studied condition. Available prevalence data are based on selected patient populations or autopsy cases with their inherent bias. Objective The objective of this work is to evaluate the age-related incidence and secular trends in gynecomastia in the general population. Design An observational, 20-year national registry study was conducted. Setting This population-based study used nationwide registry data. Participants Participants included all Danish males (age 0-80 years) with a first-time diagnosis of gynecomastia. Main Outcome Measures All Danish males (age 0-80 years) were followed up for incident diagnosis of gynecomastia in the Danish National Patient Registry from 1998 to 2017 using the International Codes of Diseases, 10th revision, and the Danish Health Care Classification System. Age-specific incidence rates were estimated. The hypothesis tested in this study was formulated prior to data collection. Results Overall, a total 17 601 males (age 0-80 years) were registered with an incident diagnosis of gynecomastia within the 20-year study period, corresponding to 880 new cases per year and an average 20-year incidence of 3.4 per 10 000 men (age 0-80 years). The average annual incidence was 6.5/10 000 in postpubertal males age 16 to 20 years and 4.6/10 000 in males age 61 to 80 years, with a respective 5- and 11-fold overall increase in these 2 age groups over the 20-year period. Conclusions The incidence of gynecomastia has dramatically increased over the last 20 years, implying that the endogenous or exogenous sex-steroid environment has changed, which is associated with other adverse health consequences in men such as an increased risk of prostate cancer, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disorders.

scholarly journals Ageing and thermal performance in the sub-Antarctic wingless fly Anatalanta aptera (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae): older is better

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lalouette ◽  
P. Vernon ◽  
H. Amat ◽  
D. Renault
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time

Senescence is a progressive biological process expressed in behavioural, morphological, physiological, biochemical and cellular age-related changes. Age-associated alterations in activity are regularly found in insects when examining whole-organism senescence over the adult lifespan. In addition, overall stress resistance usually decreases with senescence. In the present study, we measured the critical thermal minimum (CT min ) and the subsequent recovery period over the lifespan of the sub-Antarctic wingless fly, Anatalanta aptera . Experiments were conducted on males and females in seven age groups: newly emerged, 1.5-, 5-, 7-, 13-, 15- and 18-month-old adults. Surprisingly, CT min decreased significantly with ageing in A. aptera , from −3.8 ± 0.5°C just after the emergence to −5.6 ± 0.7°C in the 18-month-old flies. The subsequent recovery period remained similar between the seven groups tested. Our unexpected results contradict the previous data collected in other insects. We have demonstrated for the first time that ageing may improve rather than impair locomotor activity during unfavourable thermal conditions. It raises questions and challenges the literature dealing with ageing. These fascinating results also question the underpinning mechanisms involved in the improvement of the thermal performance with ageing in A. aptera .

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ON CHANGES IN THE HEART RATE OF RATS SUBJECT TO VARIOUS MODES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3310-3315
Author(s):  
Bulat Ildarovich Vakhitov
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
First Time

For the first time, studies have been conducted to study the reaction of animal heart rate to various modes of motor activity after a traumatic brain injury. It was revealed that on the first day after modeling an open head injury in rats of all age groups, a pronounced increase in heart rate was observed. In this case, the smallest heart rate response to brain injury is observed in animals of immature age. It was found that the implementation of systematic dynamic exercises by animals of mature and preschool age after modeling a craniocerebral injury contributes to a significant decrease in heart rate. A more pronounced formation of training bradycardia is observed in immature animals. It was revealed that limiting motor activity and performing isometric exercises after a traumatic brain injury maintain heart rate at an increased level in all age groups of animals and significantly inhibits the natural, age-related decrease in heart rate in immature animals.

MELANIN IN THE PINEAL GLANDS OF CANIDAE

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Светлана Николаевна Калинина ◽  
Виктор Александрович Илюха ◽  
Людмила Борисовна Узенбаева ◽  
Екатерина Петровна Антонова ◽  
Екатерина Сергеевна Брулер ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Species Membership ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Цель - проанализировать наличие меланина и оценить частоту встречаемости пигментированных шишковидных желёз (ШЖ) у псовых разных возрастных групп. Материал и методы. Объекты исследования - енотовидная собака (Nyctereutes procyonoides Grey), лисица (Vulpes vulpes L.) и песец (V. Lagopus L.). У неполовозрелых, или ювенильных (6-8 мес), и половозрелых (1,5-3,5 лет) самок животных каждого вида визуально оценивали наличие пигментации ШЖ и подсчитывали доли (%) пигментированных и непигментированных желёз. Число неполовозрелых и взрослых животных каждого вида было следующим: енотовидной собаки (n=4, n=15), лисицы (n=15, n=28) и песца (n=14, n=14 соответственно). Морфологические особенности ШЖ изучали гистологическими методами исследования, срезы окрашивали гематоксилином - эозином, а также по Массону-Фонтана. Результаты. В ШЖ исследованных видов обнаружены скопления пигмента меланина как на периферии железы, так и возле кровеносных сосудов. Визуально зафиксирована большая вариабельность пигментации желёз: от непигментированных до интенсивно пигментированных. На частоту встречаемости пигментированных желёз оказывали влияние возраст и видовая принадлежность. У енотовидных собак пигментированные эпифизы наблюдались только у неполовозрелых особей (25 %), у лисиц - только у взрослых (21,4 %). У песцов они были характерны для обеих возрастных групп, но с возрастом их доля снижалась (с 21,4 до 7,1 %). Выводы. Обнаружена широкая вариабельность степени пигментации ШЖ у псовых. Частота встречаемости пигментированных ШЖ характеризуется видоспецифичностью и зависит от возраста животных. Objective - to study the presence of melanin in the pineal gland (PG) and to assess the frequency of the pigmented glands occurrence in Canidae of different age groups. Material and methods. The objects of the research were raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides Grey), fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) and Arctic fox (V. lagopus L.). In immature (6-8 months) and adult (1,5-3,5 years) females of each species, the presence of the PG pigmentation was visually assessed and the proportion (%) of the pigmented and non-pigmented PG was calculated. The number of immature and adult animals was as follows: raccoon dog - n=4, n=15, fox - n=15, n=28, Arctic fox - n=14, n=14, accordingly. PG morphology was studied by histological methods; the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and according to Masson-Fontana technique. Results. Clusters of melanin in the PG of studied species were located both on the periphery of the gland and near the blood vessels. The great variability of the PG pigmentation was detected. The age and the species membership affected the frequency of pigmented PGs findings. In raccoon dogs pigmented PGs were observed in immature individuals only (25 %), in foxes - in adults only (21,4 %). In blue foxes pigmented PGs were characteristic of both age groups, but with age their proportions decreased (from 21,4 to 7,1 %). Conclusions. A great variability in the degree of PG pigmentation was demonstrated. The frequency of the pigmented glands occurrence in Canidae is species-specific and depends on the age of the animals.

scholarly journals Estimated prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides in northern Brandenburg, Germany

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Schwarz ◽  
Astrid Sutor ◽  
Christoph Staubach ◽  
Roswitha Mattis ◽  
Kirsten Tackmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of the small fox tapeworm, is a lethal zoonotic infection if left untreated. E. multilocularis is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and lives in the small intestines of carnivores, mainly canids. The main definitive host of E. multilocularis in European countries is the red fox Vulpes vulpes and in the last ten years new endemic areas for the parasite in Central Europe have been identified. In some areas, for instance in Germany, the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides - a spreading neozoon - must be regarded as an additional definitive host for E. multilocularis. In 2001 this parasite was found for the first time in raccoon dogs in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. Between 2000 and 2008, 1,252 raccoon dogs from Brandenburg were examined by the Intestinal Scraping Technique. The majority of samples were obtained in five northern counties and all 60 animals that tested positive for E. multilocularis were located there. The estimated true prevalence calculated by a beta-binomial- model ranged from 6%–12%.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MORPHOGENESIS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE COMPONENTS OF THE PANCREAS OF A RACCOON DOG IN POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS OF THE RADIATION FACTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
K.D. Kovaliou ◽  
◽  
D.N. Fiadotau ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

There have been no studies devoted to the study of the pancreas of a raccoon dog living in a contaminated area in the world. Therefore, the aim of our research was to study the connective tissue components of the pancreas in a raccoon dog at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis. The material for the study was raccoon dogs seized from former settlements, in the vicinity of lakes Zhartai, Vyura, Gnezdnoye and the Nesvich River in the exclusion zone (30 – kilometer exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant). As a result of the studies, the features of the morphofunctional state of the pancreatic stroma under the influence of the radiation factor were revealed.

scholarly journals SHOOT ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE JUNIPERUS POLYCARPOS C. KOCH IN FOOTHILL DAGESTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Z. M. Asadulaev ◽  
◽  
G. A. Sadykova ◽  
Z. R. Ramazanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Central Cylinder ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Juniperus Polycarpos ◽  
First Time

Identification of the species J. excelsa L. and J. polycarpos C. Koch is problematic and requires addition-al research. This article is devoted to the description and quantification of the anatomical features of the shoots of J. polycarpos, which grows in the conditions of Piedmont Dagestan to solve taxonomic issues. Methods Model shoots (1-3 year old) J. polycarpos was collected from the north side of the crowns at a level of 1.5 m from the ground to study the anatomical structure, fixing, preparing temporary microprepa-rations and describing the main structural elements of shoot tissues was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results. The anatomical structure of young shoots of J. polycarpos is de-scribed for the first time in order to identify taxon-specific and adaptive characters when studying the ana-tomical structure of the stem of J. excelsa and other populations of J. polycarpos. Their quantitative as-sessment is given, characteristic anatomical features are identified depending on the age and shape of the shoot. Conclusion The specific features of their morphology can be considered the presence of two types of shoots (two-bladed and three-bladed); anatomy - the presence in the parenchyma of leaf pillows in two-bladed shoots of a large number of stony cells, as well as structural features of the central cylinder; the presence and quantity of oil cells. Identified characters can be used for comparative anatomical identifica-tion of species of the genus Juniperus.

Immigrant Youth in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Frankenberg ◽  
Katharina Kupper ◽  
Ruth Wagner ◽  
Stephan Bongard
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sociocultural Adaptation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
German School ◽  
Transcultural Adaptation

This paper reviews research on young migrants in Germany. Particular attention is given to the question of how Germany’s history of migration, immigration policies, and public attitude toward migrants influence the transcultural adaptation of children and adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds. We combine past research with the results of new empirical studies in order to shed light on migrants’ psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Studies comparing young migrants and their German peers in terms of psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and mental health outcome suggest higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems among migrants of most age groups. With regard to adolescent populations between the ages of 14 and 17 years, however, the existence of differences between migrants and natives appears to be less clear. Research has also yielded inconsistent findings regarding the time trajectory of transcultural adaptation among adolescents. The coincidence of acculturation and age-related change is discussed as a possible source of these inconsistencies. Further, we provide an overview of risk and protective factors such as conflicting role expectations and ethnic discrimination, which may cause heightened vulnerability to adverse adaptation outcomes in some groups. Large-scale studies have repeatedly shown migrants of all age groups to be less successful within the German school system, indicating poor sociocultural adaptation. Possible explanations, such as the idiosyncrasies of the German school system, are presented. Our own studies contribute to the understanding of young migrants’ adaptation process by showing that it is their orientation to German culture, rather than the acculturation strategy of integration, that leads to the most positive psychological and sociocultural outcomes. The paper concludes by discussing implications for future cross-cultural research on young migrants and by suggesting recommendations for multicultural policies.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

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