CHANGES IN THE MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE BASILAR ARTERY WALL WHEN ITS COURSE IS GEOMETRICALLY ABNORMAL (KINKING AND COILING OF THE BASILAR ARTERY)

Цель - выявить закономерность изменения морфометрических параметров базилярной артерии при изменении геометрической конфигурации ее хода с формированием острого угла, спирали или петли. Материал и методы. Исследовали 16 нефиксированных макропрепаратов головного мозга. Анатомию базилярной артерии изучали методами макро-и микропрепарирования, проводили ангиоморфометрию с последующей обработкой результатов исследования. Результаты. В ходе ангиоморфометрии 16 базилярных артерий в 68,75 % случаев выявлен нормальный линейный ход сосуда. Величина показателя упругих свойств составила 0,33±0,01. В 31,25 % случаев выявлено изменение геометрической конфигурации хода базилярной артерии. В 40 % случаев от общего числа единиц с патологическим ходом сосуда формируется кинкинг базилярной артерии, в 60 % случаев - койлинг. Величина показателя упругих свойств составила 0,34±0,01, что существенно не отличается от средних значений для артерий мышечного типа. Исследование длины, толщины стенки, наружного диаметра и диаметра просвета сосудов показало значительное превышение данных показателей в сравнении с таковыми при нормальным линейном ходе артерий. Выводы. Данные, полученные в ходе исследования, свидетельствуют об увеличении наружного диаметра базилярной артерии, толщины сосудистой стенки и внутреннего просвета в случае образования кинкинга или койлинга. Objective - to reveal the pattern of changes in the morphometric parameters of the basilar artery when the geometric configuration of its course alters with the formation of an acute angle, spiral or loop. Material and methods. We studied 16 non-fixed human brain specimens. Anatomy of the basilar artery was studied by methods of macro- and micro-preparation, angiomorphometry was carried out with subsequent processing of the results of the study. Results. During angiomorphometry of 16 basilar arteries, normal straight course of the vessel was detected in 68,75 % of the cases. The value of the elastic properties index was 0,33±0,01. In 31,25 % of cases, a change in the geometric configuration of the course of the basilar artery was revealed. The basilar artery kinking was formed in 40 % and coiling - in 60 % of the total number of all cases with abnormal vessel course. The value of the elastic properties index was 0,34±0,01, which is not significantly different from the average values for muscle-type arteries. The study of the length, wall thickness, outer diameter and lumen diameter of the vessels showed a significant excess of these parameters in comparison with the vessels with normal linear course. Conclusions. The data obtained during the study indicate an increase in the outer diameter of the basilar artery, as well as an increase in the thickness of the vascular wall and the inner lumen in the case of kinking or coiling.

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Role of Nitric Oxide in the Cerebral Vasodilatory Responses to Vasopressin and Oxytocin in Dogs

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1993.35 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Hirofumi Oyama ◽

Yoshio Suzuki ◽

Shin-Ichi Satoh ◽

Yasukazu Kajita ◽

Masakazu Takayasu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Basilar Artery ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Internal Diameter ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Intracisternal Injection ◽

Basilar Arteries ◽

Dose Dependent

We angiographically assessed the vasodilatory effects of vasopressin and oxytocin on the basilar arteries in dogs. Intracisternal bolus injections of vasopressin (100 pmol and 1 nmol) and oxytocin (1 and 10 nmol) produced dose-dependent increases in the internal diameter of the basilar arteries without affecting mean arterial blood pressure. The maximal dilatations of the basilar arteries induced by 1 nmol vasopressin and 10 nmol oxytocin were 142.3 ± 19.9 and 136.8 ± 25.5% of the baseline, respectively. When the same peptides were injected into the vertebral artery, the maximal dilatations were similar, but the duration of response was shorter. Pretreatment with intracisternal injection of 10 μmol NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA), which inhibits the synthesis of nitric oxide from l-arginine, suppressed the vasodilatory responses induced by intracisternal injection of vasopressin and oxytocin and by intraarterial injection of vasopressin. Calcitonin gene-related peptide also caused dilatation of the basilar artery when injected into the cisterna magna, but its effect was not blocked by l-NMMA. l-NMMA reduced the basal diameter of the basilar artery in a dose-dependent manner; l-arginine produced dose-dependent increases in diameter. The vasoconstriction induced by l-NMMA was reversed by high concentrations of l-arginine. These results suggest that vasopressin and oxytocin dilate the basilar arteries via the release of nitric oxide from both the intraluminal and the extraluminal sides and that synthesis and release of nitric oxide in the vascular wall contribute to maintenance of basal vascular tonus.

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A fatal, chronically growing basilar artery: a new type of dissecting aneurysm

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1996.84.6.0962 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 84 (6) ◽

pp. 962-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Tohru Mizutani

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Basilar Artery ◽

Dissecting Aneurysm ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ◽

Content Type ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Basilar Arteries ◽

Fine Print

✓ A long-term follow-up study (minimum duration 2 years) was made of 13 patients with tortuous dilated basilar arteries. Of these, five patients had symptoms related to the presence of such arteries. Symptoms present at a very early stage included vertebrobasilar insufficiency in two patients, brainstem infarction in two patients, and left hemifacial spasm in one patient. Initial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in serial slices of basilar arteries obtained from the five symptomatic patients showed an intimal flap or a subadventitial hematoma, both of which are characteristic of a dissecting aneurysm. In contrast, the basilar arteries in the eight asymptomatic patients did not show particular findings and they remained clinically and radiologically silent during the follow-up period. All of the lesions in the five symptomatic patients gradually grew to fantastic sizes, with progressive deterioration of the related clinical symptoms. Dilation of the basilar artery was consistent with hemorrhage into the “pseudolumen” within the laminated thrombus, which was confirmed by MR imaging studies. Of the five symptomatic patients studied, two died of fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and two of brainstem compression; the fifth patient remains alive without neurological deficits. In the three patients who underwent autopsy, a definite macroscopic double lumen was observed in both the proximal and distal ends of the aneurysms within the layer of the thickening intima. Microscopically, multiple mural dissections, fragmentation of internal elastic lamina (IEL), and degeneration of media were diffusely observed in the remarkably extended wall of the aneurysms. The substantial mechanism of pathogenesis and enlargement in the symptomatic, highly tortuous dilated artery might initially be macroscopic dissection within a thickening intima and subsequent repetitive hemorrhaging within a laminated thrombus in the pseudolumen combined with microscopic multiple mural dissections on the basis of a weakened IEL. The authors note and caution that symptomatic, tortuous dilated basilar arteries cannot be overlooked because they include a group of malignant arteries that may grow rapidly, resulting in a fatal course.

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Transluminal angioplasty for atherosclerotic disease of the vertebral and basilar arteries

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0192 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 192-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 206

Author(s):

Randall T. Higashida ◽

Fong Y. Tsai ◽

Van V. Halbach ◽

Christopher F. Dowd ◽

Tony Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertebral Artery ◽

Basilar Artery ◽

Cerebral Circulation ◽

Transluminal Angioplasty ◽

Content Type ◽

Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽

Basilar Arteries ◽

Posterior Cerebral Circulation ◽

Fine Print

✓ Transluminal angioplasty for hemodynamically significant stenosis (> 70%) involving the posterior cerebral circulation is now being performed by the authors in selected cases. A total of 42 lesions affecting the vertebral or basilar artery have been successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty techniques in 41 patients. The lesions involved the proximal vertebral artery in 34 cases, the distal vertebral artery in five, and the basilar artery in three. Patients were examined clinically at 1 to 3 and 6 to 12 months after angioplasty. Three (7.1%) permanent complications occurred, consisting of stroke in two cases and vessel rupture in one. There were four (9.5%) transient complications (< 30 minutes): two cases of vessel spasm and two of cerebral ischemia. Clinical follow-up examination demonstrated improvement of symptoms in 39 cases (92.9%). Radiographic follow-up studies demonstrated three cases (7.1 %) of restenosis involving the proximal vertebral artery; two were treated by repeat angioplasty without complication, and the third is being followed clinically while the patient remains asymptomatic. In patients with significant atherosclerotic stenosis involving the vertebral or basilar artery territories, transluminal angioplasty may be of significant benefit in alleviating symptoms and improving blood flow to the posterior cerebral circulation.

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Alive and kicking, or, living on borrowed time? – Microsatellite diversity in natural populations of the endangered Ulmus minor Mill. sensu latissimo from Croatia

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.1515/botcro-2016-0007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marko Zebec ◽

Marilena Idžojtić ◽

Zlatko Šatović ◽

Igor Poljak ◽

Zlatko Liber

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Genetic Bottleneck ◽

Dutch Elm Disease ◽

Significant Excess ◽

Mediterranean Populations ◽

Ulmus Minor ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact ◽

Microsatellite Diversity

AbstractThe main objective of this research was to assess the genetic diversity of 5 natural field elm populations in Croatia. The study results suggest that the observed populations are characterized by a satisfactory amount of heterozygosity, and that the impact of the Dutch elm disease on the amount of genetic diversity in the sampled populations is currently negligible. However, one population displayed a significant excess of heterozygosity, implying a genetic bottleneck. The existence of a very clear genetic differentiation between the continental and the Mediterranean populations of Ulmus minor in Croatia was noticed.

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Cerebrovascular responses in mice deficient in the potassium channel, TREK-1

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00057.2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 299 (2) ◽

pp. R461-R469 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Khodadad Namiranian ◽

Eric E. Lloyd ◽

Randy F. Crossland ◽

Sean P. Marrelli ◽

George E. Taffet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Basilar Artery ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

K Channel ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽

Basilar Arteries ◽

Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Pore Domain

We tested the hypothesis that TREK-1, a two-pore domain K channel, is involved with dilations in arteries. Because there are no selective activators or inhibitors of TREK-1, we generated a mouse line deficient in TREK-1. Endothelium-mediated dilations were not different in arteries from wild-type (WT) and TREK-1 knockout (KO) mice. This includes dilations of the middle cerebral artery to ATP, dilations of the basilar artery to ACh, and relaxations of the aorta to carbachol, a cholinergic agonist. The nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor components of ATP dilations were identical in the middle cerebral arteries of WT and TREK-1 KO mice. Furthermore, the NO and cyclooxygenase-dependent components were identical in the basilar arteries of the different genotypes. Dilations of the basilar artery to α-linolenic acid, an activator of TREK-1, were not affected by the absence of TREK-1. Whole cell currents recorded using patch-clamp techniques were similar in cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs) from WT and TREK-1 KO mice. α-linolenic acid or arachidonic acid increased whole cell currents in CVSMCs from both WT and TREK-1 KO mice. The selective blockers of large-conductance Ca-activated K channels, penitrem A and iberiotoxin, blocked the increased currents elicited by either α-linolenic or arachidonic acid. In summary, dilations were similar in arteries from WT and TREK-1 KO mice. There was no sign of TREK-1-like currents in CVSMCs from WT mice, and there were no major differences in currents between the genotypes. We conclude that regulation of arterial diameter is not altered in mice lacking TREK-1.

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Abstract 14021: Angiographic and Hemodynamic Features of Symptomatic Vertebrobasilar Disease: Baseline Data from the VERiTAS Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.14021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Sepideh Amin-Hanjani ◽

Xinjian Du ◽

Linda Rose-Finnell ◽

Dilip Pandey ◽

DeJuran Richardson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basilar Artery ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Posterior Circulation ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Collateral Flow ◽

Flow Measurements ◽

Hemodynamic Assessment ◽

Basilar Arteries ◽

Vessel Flow ◽

Distal Flow

Introduction: Atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar disease (VBD) is a significant etiology of posterior circulation stroke. In addition to thromboembolism, regional hypoperfusion is considered an important potential contributor to stroke risk. To examine the role of hemodynamic compromise in VBD, a prospective observational multi-center study, Vertebrobasilar Flow Evaluation and Risk of Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke (VERiTAS), has recently been conducted. Here we report baseline features and vessel flow measurements from the study cohort. Methods: Baseline demographic and clinical data was collected in patients with recent vertebrobasilar TIA or stroke and ≥50% atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion in vertebral and/or basilar arteries. Large vessel flow in the vertebrobasilar territory was assessed using quantitative MRA (QMRA). Results: The cohort (n=75, 56% male) had a mean age of 65.5 (range 40 to 90) years; two thirds presented with ischemic stroke. Hypertension (93%) and hyperlipidemia (79%) were the most prevalent vascular risk factors. Vertebral and basilar artery flows correlated negatively with degree of stenosis in the affected vessel, and positively to the minimal diameter at the site of stenosis (p<0.01). A threshold effect was evident, with affected vessel flows dropping significantly in patients with ≥70% stenosis or occlusion (p<0.05). Tandem disease involving the basilar and either or both the vertebrals had the greatest impact on immediate downstream flow in the basilar artery (38 ml/min vs. 74 ml/min, p<0.01). Assessment of distal flow status, incorporating collateral flow, however correlated neither with multifocality of disease nor severity of the maximal stenosis. Conclusions: Flow in stenotic posterior circulation vessels correlate with residual diameter and stenosis and drop significantly in the setting of tandem disease. However, distal flow status, incorporating collateral capacity, is not well predicted by the severity or location of the disease. Final clinical outcome results from the ongoing VERiTAS study will further clarify the relevance of anatomic stenosis and hemodynamic assessment to predicting stroke risk in patients with vertebrobasilar disease.

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PSXIII-4 Species feature of morphometric parameters in poultry semen

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.746 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

Vugar A Bagirov ◽

Anastasia N Vetokh ◽

Mikhail A Zhilinsky ◽

Hanum V Ashraf ◽

Evgeniya K Tomgorova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sperm Quality ◽

Guinea Fowl ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Interspecific Difference ◽

Head Shape ◽

Total Length ◽

Study Results ◽

Sperm Morphometry ◽

Parameters Analysis

Abstract The aim of the research was to study the specific features of morphometric parameters in rooster and guinea fowl spermatozoa. Thirty ejaculate samples from each species were investigated. A macroscopic assessment of the ejaculates obtained was carried out by volume, color and consistency. Microscopic parameters were studied using computerized sperm quality analysis systems. Diff-Quick set was used for staining sperm. Visualization of fixed preparations was performed using a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope and a Nikon DS-Qi2 camera. Measurement of morphometric parameters was carried out in the program NIS-Elements BR 4.30. Evaluation of sperm morphometry was carried out according to the following indicators: total length of spermatozoa, length of head and tail, perimeter and area, head shape in indexes of ellipticity and elongation. The SPSS v.15.0 package was used for statistical analysis. To assess the statistical differences in the distributions of spermatozoa, the χ2-test was used. ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of species. Roosters surpassed guinea fowls in ejaculate volume by 83.3% (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were not established for sperm activity between species. The content of motile spermatozoa in the roosters ejaculate was 92.4 ± 5.3%, in guinea fowls - 88.7 ± 6.54%. The results of the morphometric parameters analysis showed that they have a specific feature. The total length of rooster spermatozoa was 90 ± 2.6 μm, which is 8 μm more than that in guinea fowl (P < 0.05). The length of the sperm head in roosters was 2 μm longer than that in guinea fowls (P < 0.05). The interspecific difference across the perimeters and width of the head was not statistically significant. Rooster ejaculates differed relative homogeneity compared to guinea fowl. The study results showed that morphometric parameters of poultry sperm have a specific feature. Supported by the RSF (16-16-04104).

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The Functional and Structural Changes in the Basilar Artery Due to Overpressure Blast Injury

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.2015.151 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 1950-1956 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hale Z Toklu ◽

Judy Muller-Delp ◽

Zhihui Yang ◽

Şehkar Oktay ◽

Yasemin Sakarya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basilar Artery ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Endothelin 1 ◽

Msec Duration ◽

Basilar Arteries ◽

Wave Induced ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽

Cerebral Vascular

Overpressure blast-wave induced brain injury (OBI) leads to progressive pathophysiologic changes resulting in a reduction in brain blood flow, blood brain barrier breakdown, edema, and cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate cerebral vascular function after single and repeated OBI. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (Naive), single OBI (30 psi peak pressure, 1 to 2 msec duration), and repeated (days 1, 4, and 7) OBI (r-OBI). Rats were killed 24 hours after injury and the basilar artery was isolated, cannulated, and pressurized (90 cm H2O). Vascular responses to potassium chloride (KCl) (30 to 100 mmol/L), endothelin-1 (10−12 to 10−7 mol/L), acetylcholine (ACh) (10−10 to 10−4 mol/L) and diethylamine-NONO-ate (DEA-NONO-ate) (10−10 to 10−4 mol/L) were evaluated. The OBI resulted in an increase in the contractile responses to endothelin and a decrease in the relaxant responses to ACh in both single and r-OBI groups. However, impaired DEA-NONO-ate-induced vasodilation and increased wall thickness to lumen ratio were observed only in the r-OBI group. The endothelin-1 type A (ETA) receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immunoreactivity were significantly enhanced by OBI. These findings indicate that both single and r-OBI impairs cerebral vascular endothelium-dependent dilation, potentially a consequence of endothelial dysfunction and/or vascular remodelling in basilar arteries after OBI.

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Patients with arterial hypertension and abdominal obesity: Biochemical predictors of a violation of the elastic properties of the vascular wall

Clinica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.620 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 493 ◽

pp. S300-S301

Author(s):

K. Avdeeva ◽

T. Petelina ◽

L. Gapon ◽

N. Musikhina ◽

L. Zyrianova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Elastic Properties ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Vascular Wall

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Neurogenically evoked cerebral artery constriction is mediated by neuropeptide Y

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y94-151 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

pp. 1086-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ismail Laher ◽

Peter Germann ◽

John A. Bevan

Keyword(s):

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Basilar Artery ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

Immune Serum ◽

Nerve Endings ◽

Transmural Stimulation ◽

Basilar Arteries ◽

Neurogenic Vasoconstriction ◽

Stimulation Of

We examined the proposal that neuropeptide Y (NPY) released from nerve endings constricts cerebral arteries. Neurogenic vasoconstriction of rabbit basilar arteries is of adrenergic origin but is resistant to blockade by classical α-adrenoceptor antagonists. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive contractions of the rabbit basilar artery were elicited by transmural stimulation of nerves. The contractions were inhibited by incubation of tissues with an antiserum to NPY (0.32 μL undiluted immune serum/mL); addition of prazosin (0.1 μM) did not further attenuate the nerve-mediated contraction. The antiserum to NPY also antagonized vasoconstriction due to exogenously administered NPY and was without effect on responses due to histamine or angiotensin. Our results indicate that neurogenic vasoconstriction of the rabbit basilar artery is largely due to the release of NPY and that it is unlikely that other vasoconstrictors contribute significantly to the increased tone.Key words: cerebral artery, nerves, neuropeptide Y, norepinephrine.

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