AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF RETINAL VESSELS IN AGING (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
А.О. Диреев ◽  
И.В. Мунц ◽  
Е.В. Маздорова ◽  
А.Н. Рябиков ◽  
С.К. Малютина
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cumulative Response ◽  
Retinal Arterioles ◽  
Retinal Vascular Caliber ◽  
Age Range

Изменения калибра сосудов сетчатки и топография микрососудистого русла отражают кумулятивный ответ на старение, влияние факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска, воспаление, эндотелиальную дисфункцию. Для систематического обзора исследований характеристик сосудов сетчатки при увеличении возраста и старении мы провели поиск публикаций (2003-2020 гг.). В обзоре представлены свидетельства уменьшения калибров артериол и венул сетчатки при старении; обратная связь с возрастом найдена в этнически гетерогенных популяциях в широком возрастном диапазоне (4-9-я декады). Возрастная динамика артериовенозного отношения (AVR) оценивается менее последовательно. Имеются данные о потере сложности микроциркуляторного русла сетчатки в пожилом возрасте, что может снижать функциональную активность микроциркуляции, но количество исследований недостаточно для системных выводов. Популяционные работы по данной теме в России практически отсутствуют. Иcследования микрососудистого русла сетчатки при старении на основе автоматизированного анализа современного спектра показателей в российской популяции актуальны и предоставят новые данные. The changes of retinal vascular caliber and microvascular topography reflect the cumulative response to ageing, the influence of cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction. With objective to perform a systematic review of the studies which evaluate retinal vessels in ageing, we conducted the search of published reports (2003-2020). The review provided the evidence of narrowing of the caliber of retinal arterioles and venules in ageing; inverse relationship has been found in ethnically heterogeneous populations in a wide age range from 4th to 9th decade. The age dynamics of arteriovenous ratio (AVR) is evaluated less consistently. The available data showed the loss of complexity of the retinal microcirculatory bloodstream in elderly age, which might lead to a decrease in functional activity of microcirculation; however the studies are limited for systematic conclusions. The large population studies in Russia on this topic are practically absent. The researches of the microvascular retinal bloodstream in aging using the automatic analysis of the modern range of indicators, are relevant in the Russian population and will provide new data.

scholarly journals TRANSCRIPTOMIC AGING IN THE HRS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S431-S431
Author(s):  
Bharat Thyagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Abstract Since age related perturbations in gene expression profiles have been described and transcriptomic changes in specific biological pathways have been implicated in the aging process, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing on 4000 HRS participants using RNA obtained from Paxgene tubes collected during the 2016 interview. We will describe design and implementation of innovative quality control procedures to minimize technical variability in transcriptomic measurements and monitor analytical variation in large population studies such as HRS. We will also report the distribution of transcriptomic profiles according to various demographic characteristics (age, sex, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences) and describe the prevalence of previously reported aging related transcriptomic signatures in HRS. We will describe the associations between transcriptomic profiles and other measures of biological aging in HRS and report how changes in cell composition can affect transcriptomic profiles observed in population studies such as HRS.

Nanotherapies for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Disease: Recent Advancements and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamshi Krishna Rapalli ◽  
Srividya Gorantla ◽  
Tejashree Waghule ◽  
Arisha Mahmood ◽  
Prem Prakash Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the common diseases affecting the posterior part of the eye, of a large population above 45 years old. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor- A (Anti-VEGF-A) agents have been considered and approved as therapeutic agents for the treatment of AMD. Due to the large molecular weight and poor permeability through various eye membranes, VEGF-A inhibitors are given through an intravitreal injection, even though the delivery of small therapeutic molecules by topical application to the posterior part of the eye exhibits challenges in the treatment. To overcome these limitations, nanocarrier based delivery systems have been utilized to a large extent for the delivery of therapeutics. Nanocarriers system offers prodigious benefits for the delivery of therapeutics to the posterior part of the eye in both invasive and non-invasive techniques. The nano size can improve the permeation of therapeutic agent across the biological membranes. They provide protection from enzymes present at the site, targeted delivery or binding with the disease site and extend the release of therapeutic agents with prolonged retention. This leads to improved therapeutic efficacy, patient compliance, and cost effectiveness of therapy with minimum dose associated side-effects. This review has summarized various nanocarriers explored for the treatment of AMD and challenges in translation.

scholarly journals Blood Micronutrient and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in the Oldest-Old

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2260-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ravaglia ◽  
Paola Forti ◽  
Fabiola Maioli ◽  
Barbara Nesi ◽  
Loredana Pratelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Age Range

Several micronutrients are involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, but it is unclear whether their marginal deficits may contribute to the alterations in thyroid function observed in extreme aging. The relationships among blood concentrations of thyroid hormones and selenium, zinc, retinol, and α-tocopherol were studied in 44 healthy Northern Italian oldest-old subjects (age range, 90–107 yr), selected by the criteria of the SENIEUR protocol. Control groups included 44 healthy adult (age range, 20–65 yr) and 44 SENIEUR elderly (age range, 65–89 yr) subjects. Oldest-old subjects had higher TSH (P < 0.01) and lower free T3 (FT3)/freeT4 (FT4) ratio, zinc, and selenium serum values (P < 0.001) than adult and elderly control subjects. No significant difference was found for plasma retinol and α-tocopherol values. The associations between micronutrients and thyroid hormones were evaluated by multivariate analysis. In oldest-old subjects, plasma retinol was negatively associated with FT4 (P = 0.019) and TSH serum levels (P = 0.040), whereas serum zinc was positively associated with serum FT3 (P = 0.010) and FT3/FT4 ratio (P = 0.011). In younger subjects, no significant association was found among thyroid variables and micronutrients. In conclusion, blood levels of specific micronutrients are associated with serum iodothyronine levels in extreme aging.

Asymmetry in Event-Related Potentials to Simulated Auditory Motion in Children, Young Adults, and Seniors

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Rebecca Estes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Velocity Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

We studied auditory evoked responses to the apparent movement of a burst of noise in the horizontal plane. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in three groups of participants: children in the age range from 9 to 12 years, young adults in the age range from 18 to 34 years, and seniors in the age range from 65 to 80 years. The topographic distribution of grand-averaged ERP activity was substantially greater over the right hemisphere in children and seniors but slightly greater over the left hemisphere in young adults. This finding may be related to age-related differences in the extent to which judgments of sound movement are based on displacement versus velocity information.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in age-related neurodegenerative diseases: is there a role for vitamin D3 as a possible therapeutic strategy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena de Barros Viana ◽  
Bárbara dos Anjos Rosário ◽  
Maria de Fátima Santana de Nazaré ◽  
Débora Estadella ◽  
Daniel Araki Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Alzheimer’S Diseases ◽  
Alzheimer's Diseases

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19), identified in Wuhan, China, on December 2019, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, on March, 2020. Since then, efforts have been gathered to describe its clinical course and to determine preventive measures and treatment strategies. Adults older than 65 years of age are more susceptible to serious clinical symptoms and present higher mortality rates. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a major receptor for some coronavirus infection, including SARS-COV-2, but is also a crucial determinant in anti-inflammation processes during the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) functioning – converting angiotensin II to angiotensin 1–7. The decline in ACE2 expression that occurs with aging has been associated to the higher morbidity and mortality rates in older adults. These observations highlight the importance of investigating the association between COVID-19 and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. A possible option to reduce the risk of COVID-19 is vitamin D supplementation, due to its anti-inflammatory and immune-system-modulating effects. It has also been suggested that vitamin D supplementation plays a role in slowing progression of Parkinson and Alzheimer. The present study is a literature review of articles published on the theme COVID-19, Parkinson and Alzheimer’s diseases, and the role played by vitamin D. PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were consulted. Results confirm neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory effects of COVID-19, aggravated in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s patients, and the important role of vitamin D as a possible therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, randomized controlled trials and large population studies are still warranted.

scholarly journals The Diameter of Retinal Arterioles Is Unaffected by Intravascular Administration of the Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonist Regadenoson in Normal Persons

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dons-Jensen ◽  
Line Petersen ◽  
Hans-Erik Bøtker ◽  
Toke Bek
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Adenosine A2a Receptor ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Adenosine Receptor Agonists ◽  
Retinal Arterioles ◽  
A2a Receptor ◽  
Adenosine A2a

Background: The neurotransmitter adenosine has been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, which may be due to the vasoactive properties of the compound. Previous studies have shown that adenosine can affect the tone of retinal arterioles in vitro to induce dilatation mediated by A2A and A2Breceptors and constriction mediated by A1 and A3 receptors. Purpose: To investigate effects of intravenous administration of the adenosine A2A receptor agonist regadenoson on the diameter of retinal vessels in vivo. Method: The diameter responses of larger retinal arterioles and venules were evaluated using the dynamic vessel analyser in 20 normal persons (age 22–31 years) after intravenous administration of the adenosine A2A receptor agonist regadenoson during exposure to systemic normoxia and hypoxia. Results: The diameter of retinal arterioles and venules increased significantly during stimulation with flickering light (p < 0.0001). Regadenoson reduced the flicker-induced dilatation of venules during normoxia (p = 0.0006), but otherwise had no effect on vessel diameters (p > 0.08 for all comparisons). Conclusions:Intravenous administration of the adenosine A2A receptor agonist regadenoson had no significant effect on the diameter of retinal arterioles. Future studies should investigate differential effects of intra- and extravascular administration of adenosine receptor agonists on retinal vessels.

scholarly journals Age-Related Normative Changes in Phasic Orthostatic Blood Pressure in a Large Population Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (20) ◽  
pp. 1780-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán Finucane ◽  
Matthew D.L. O’Connell ◽  
Chie Wei Fan ◽  
George M. Savva ◽  
Christopher J. Soraghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Orthostatic Blood Pressure

scholarly journals The Positive Legacy of Vision Loss: Pathways to Posttraumatic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
Corinna Tanner ◽  
Michael Caserta ◽  
Jia-Wen Guo ◽  
Margaret Clayton ◽  
Paul Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Severe Vision Loss ◽  
Age Range

Abstract This mixed method study describes posttraumatic growth (PTG) accruing form experience with vision loss caused by severe age related macular degeneration (AMD) and explores relationships between depression, social support, and cognitive processing, on the path to PTG. Research describing the psychological and social issues surrounding AMD has focused on negative outcomes. However, learning from highly challenging experiences, such as vision loss, can offer benefits. In this study, these included an increased sense of personal strength, increased spirituality, and empathy for others (all domains of PTG). 89 participants with severe vision loss (mean age = 85.3 years, age range = 74–98 years) completed the interviewer-administered composite questionnaire, which identified elements of Tedeschi and Calhoun’s model of PTG. Relationships between variables were examined using path analysis. Findings were contextualized with data from 15 qualitative interviews. Findings underscored the importance of supportive others and deliberate cognitive processing in the path to PTG.

scholarly journals Detectable chromosome X mosaicism in males is rarely tolerated in peripheral leukocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyin Zhou ◽  
Shu-Hong Lin ◽  
Sairah M. Khan ◽  
Meredith Yeager ◽  
Stephen J. Chanock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chromosome X ◽  
Genotyping Array ◽  
Chromosome Mosaicism ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Leukocyte Function ◽  
Peripheral Leukocytes

AbstractAge-related male Y and female X chromosome mosaicism is commonly observed in large population-based studies. To investigate the frequency of male X chromosome mosaicism, we scanned for deviations in chromosome X genotyping array intensity data in a population-based survey of 196,219 UK Biobank men. We detected 12 (0.006%) men with mosaic chromosome X gains ≥ 2 Mb and found no evidence for mosaic chromosome X loss, a level of detection substantially lower than for autosomes or other sex chromosomes. The rarity of chromosome X mosaicism in males relative to females reflects the importance of chromosome X gene dosage for leukocyte function.

scholarly journals The effect of intrinsic physiological traits on diapause survival and their underlying mechanisms in an annual bee species Bombus impatiens

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Treanore ◽  
Etya Amsalem
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Bombus Impatiens ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Face ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Age Range

Abstract In the face of insect declines, identifying phases of the life cycle when insects are particularly vulnerable to mortality is critical to conservation efforts. For numerous annual insect groups, diapause is both a key adaptation that allows survival of inhospitable conditions and a physiologically demanding life stage that can result in high rates of mortality. As bees continue to garner attention as a group experiencing high rates of decline, improving our understanding of how annual bees prepare for diapause and identifying factors that reduce survival is imperative. Here, we studied factors affecting diapause survival length and their underlying mechanisms using an economically and ecologically important annual bee species, Bombus impatiens. We examined how age and mass upon diapause onset correlate with diapause survival length, and the mechanistic role of nutrient acquisition and oxidative stress post pupal eclosion in mediating these effects. Our findings show that both age and mass were strong predictors of diapause survival length. Heavier queens or queens in the age range of ~6–17 days survived longer in diapause. Mass gain was attributed to increases in lipid, protein and glycerol amounts following pupal eclosion, and the ability to deal with oxidative stress was significantly compromised in older pre-diapause queens. Our results demonstrate that age-related shifts in bee physiology and timing of nutrient acquisition may both be critical factors driving diapause survival.

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