GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE VOLUME OF BRAIN STRUCTURES IN THE ASPECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AGING

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-359
Author(s):  
Н.И. Ананьева ◽  
Л.В. Лукина ◽  
Е.В. Андреев ◽  
Т.А. Саломатина ◽  
Н.Ю. Сафонова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Physiological Aging ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Целью работы являлось уточнение гендерных и возрастных различий в строении мозговых структур у здоровых добровольцев в связи с задачей разграничения визуальных паттернов физиологического старения и патологических процессов головного мозга. Методы исследования включали проведение структурной МРТ головного мозга у 131 условно-здорового добровольца 20-70 лет (из них 72 женщины и 59 мужчин). С помощью метода магнитно-резонансной воксель-базированной морфометрии проводили измерение объёма головного мозга в целом, а также его отделов с последующим сравнением полученных данных в возрастных подгруппах и между полами. Полученные в ходе исследования данные свидетельствуют о том, что наибольшее уменьшение размеров после 60 лет претерпевают правый и левый таламусы, левое хвостатое ядро, правая скорлупа, левый бледный шар, оба гиппокампа. Наибольшие изменения в гиппокампах претерпевает объём СА3 полей Бродмана. Установлено, что процесс физиологического старения головного мозга с изменением объёма его различных отделов имеет ряд гендерных особенностей, которые необходимо учитывать на диагностическом этапе медицинской помощи. The aim of the work was to clarify the gender, age and variable differences in the structure of brain structures in healthy volunteers in connection with the task of distinguishing between physiological aging and pathological processes of the brain. The study methods included performing structural MRI of the brain in 131 conditionally healthy volunteers aged 20 to 70 years (72 of them were women and 59 men). Using the method of MR voxel-based morphometry, the total volume of the brain as a whole, as well as its segmented parts, was measured, followed by a comparison of the data obtained in age subgroups and between the sexes. The data obtained in the course of the study indicate that the right and left thalamuses, the left caudate nucleus, the right shell, the left pale ball, and both hippocampus undergo the greatest reduction in size after 60 years. The greatest changes in the hippocampus are the volumes of CA 3 Brodman fields. It is established that the process of physiological aging of the brain.

Central monoaminergic systems sensitivity to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia changes after the maintenance under the long-term social isolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Karpova ◽  
V.V. Mikheev ◽  
V.V. Marysheva ◽  
N.A. Kuritcyna ◽  
E.R. Bychkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Hypoxia With Hypercapnia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Monoamines And Their Metabolites

The experiments were performed in male albino outbred mice kept in a group and under the conditions of long-term social isolation. The changes in the monoaminergic systems of the left and right hemispheres of the brain after acute hypoxia with hypercapnia have been studied. The levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites – dioxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), homovanillic (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) acids – were determined by HPLC in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the right and left sides of the brain. In the control mice kept both in the group and under the conditions of social isolation, a higher content of DA in the cortex of the left hemisphere has been found. In the other brain structures the monoamine content was symmetric. In the cerebral cortex of the mice in the group, acute hypoxia with hypercapnia led to a right-sided increase in the DA and 5HT levels. At the same time, the DOPAC content decreased in the left cortex. In mice in the group, under the hypoxia with hypercapnia conditions, the DA level in the left hippocampus increased. In the striatum, the content of monoamines and their metabolites did not change significantly. In animals kept for a long time under the conditions of social isolation, hypoxia with hypercapnia no statistically significant changes in the monoamines and their metabolites levels were found. It has been concluded that the preliminary maintenance under the conditions of prolonged social isolation changes the reaction of central monoaminergic systems to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia.

scholarly journals Asymmetry in the content of brain monoamines of BALB/c mice reared in social isolation conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa Vladimirovna Karpova ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mikheyev ◽  
Yevgeniy Rudolfovich Bychkov ◽  
Andrey Andreyevich Lebedev ◽  
Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Monoamines ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

The effects of long-term social isolation on the content and metabolism of dopamine and serotonin systems were studied in symmetrical brain structures of BALB/c male mice. With HPLC the contents of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum of both the right and the left hemispheres of the brain in mice reared in groups and social isolation. The isolated mice were characterized by reduced level of DA in the left striatum and elevated level of 5-HIAA and ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT in the right striatum. In the hippocampus of isolated mice, the activation of both DA-ergic and 5-HT-ergic systems was observed, that is the high level of DA and DOPAC in the left hippocampus and the elevated level of 5-HT in both hemispheres and of 5-HIAA in the right hippocampus were registered. On the other hand, the reduction of both DA-ergic and 5-HT-ergic systems activity was shown to be in the right hemisphere. The decreased concentration of DOPAC and ratio DOPAC/DA in the right cortex were observed as well. As to 5-HT-ergic system, the reduced level of 5-HT in the both cortex of the hemispheres as well as 5-HIAA in the right hemisphere of isolated mice was determined. The phenomenon of interhemispheric asymmetry was revealed in the hippocampus only, which was characterized by the increased DA-ergic activity in the left hippocampus but not in the striatum and the cortex.

scholarly journals Correlation between voxel based morphometry and manual volumetry in magnetic resonance images of the human brain

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo R. Uchida ◽  
Cristina M. Del-Ben ◽  
David Araújo ◽  
Geraldo Busatto-Filho ◽  
Fábio L.S. Duran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gaussian Filter ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Correlation Procedure ◽  
Structural Volume

This is a comparative study between manual volumetry (MV) and voxel based morphometry (VBM) as methods of evaluating the volume of brain structures in magnetic resonance images. The volumes of the hippocampus and the amygdala of 16 panic disorder patients and 16 healthy controls measured through MV were correlated with the volumes of gray matter estimated by optimized modulated VBM. The chosen structures are composed almost exclusively of gray matter. Using a 4 mm Gaussian filter, statistically significant clusters were found bilaterally in the hippocampus and in the right amygdala in the statistical parametric map correlating with the respective manual volume. With the conventional 12 mm filter,a significant correlation was found only for the right hippocampus. Therefore,narrowfilters increase the sensitivity of the correlation procedure, especially when small brain structures are analyzed. The two techniques seem to consistently measure structural volume.

Identifying neuroanatomical signatures in insomnia and migraine comorbidity

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Hsien Chou ◽  
Pei-Lin Lee ◽  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
Jiunn-Tay Lee ◽  
Hung-Wen Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Structural Covariance ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Study Objectives While insomnia and migraine are often comorbid, the shared and distinct neuroanatomical substrates underlying these disorders and the brain structures associated with the comorbidity are unknown. We aimed to identify patterns of neuroanatomical substrate alterations associated with migraine and insomnia comorbidity. Methods High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from subjects with insomnia, migraine, and comorbid migraine and insomnia, respectively, and healthy controls (HC). Direct group comparisons with HC followed by conjunction analyses identified shared regional gray matter volume (GMV) alterations between the disorders. To further examine large-scale anatomical network changes, a seed-based structural covariance network (SCN) analysis was applied. Conjunction analyses also identified common SCN alterations in two disease groups, and we further evaluated these shared regional and global neuroanatomical signatures in the comorbid group. Results Compared with controls, patients with migraine and insomnia showed GMV changes in the cerebellum and the lingual, precentral, and postcentral gyri (PCG). The bilateral PCG were common GMV alteration sites in both groups, with decreased structural covariance integrity observed in the cerebellum. In patients with comorbid migraine and insomnia, shared regional GMV and global SCN changes were consistently observed. The GMV of the right PCG also correlated with sleep quality in these patients. Conclusion These findings highlight the specific role of the PCG in the shared pathophysiology of insomnia and migraine from a regional and global brain network perspective. These multilevel neuroanatomical changes could be used as potential image markers to decipher the comorbidity of the two disorders.

Left-hemispheric predominance of nigrostriatal deficit in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (15) ◽  
pp. e1605-e1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Iranzo ◽  
Ambra Stefani ◽  
Aida Niñerola-Baizan ◽  
Heike Stokner ◽  
Monica Serradell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Dat Spect ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveUnilateral onset of parkinsonism due to nigrostriatal damage of the contralateral hemisphere is frequent in Parkinson disease (PD). There is evidence for a left-hemispheric bias of motor asymmetry in right-handed patients with PD indicating a hemispheric dominance. Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) constitutes the prodromal stage of PD and other synucleinopathies. To test the hypothesis that right-handed patients with IRBD exhibit left-hemispheric predominance of subclinical nigrostriatal dysfunction, we evaluated this aspect using neuroimaging instruments.MethodsIn 167 right-handed patients with IRBD without parkinsonism, we evaluated in each hemisphere the integrity of the striatal dopaminergic terminals by dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT and the substantia nigra echogenicity by transcranial sonography.ResultsDAT-SPECT showed lower specific binding ratio (SBR) in the left striatum and left caudate nucleus than in the right striatum and right caudate nucleus. The percentage of patients with lower SBR was greater in the left striatum and left caudate nucleus than in the right striatum and right caudate nucleus. In those who developed a synucleinopathy in <5 years from DAT-SPECT, there was a lower SBR in the left putamen and left caudate nucleus than in the right putamen and right caudate nucleus. Substantia nigra echogenic size was greater in the left than in the right side in patients with hyperechogenicity and among individuals who phenoconverted in <5 years from transcranial sonography.ConclusionRight-handed patients with IRBD exhibit left-hemispheric predominance of subclinical nigrostriatal dysfunction. In premotor PD, the neurodegenerative process begins asymmetrically, initially impairing the nigrostriatal system of the dominant hemisphere.

The evaluation of central pain mechanisms in patients with microvascular angina

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Leonova ◽  
N Burova ◽  
S Boldueva ◽  
M Demidova ◽  
A Khomulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Microvascular Angina ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. In patients with microvascular angina (MVA) besides of chest pain, a high neuronal activity of certain parts of the head (right anterior insula cortex) was revealed, which is not observed in the control in patients with coronary heart disease with coronary atherosclerosis. There is an opinion that the abnormal sensation of pain is caused not by myocardial ischemia, but by a violation of neuronal regulation. Functional MRI (fMRI) is currently a widely used method of functional mapping of the brain. The principle of the method is to register a BOLD signal (blood oxygen level-depended) from voxels (volumetric points) when examining the brain in response to the fulfillment of a task (paradigm). In response to the activation of a particular region of the brain, hemodynamic parameters change in it, which leads to a decrease in the level of deoxyhemoglobin and an increase in the level of oxyhemoglobin. With neuroimaging, this phenomenon is characterized by an increase in signal intensity in a series of T2 * images, the quantitative assessment of which allows indirectly determining the degree of neuronal activation. The study included 11 patients with MVA (3 men, 8 women). The average age of the patients was 61.45 ± 7.80 years. MVA was proved classic criteria and microvascular disorders (perfusion abnormalities) by cardiac PET. Neuroimaging examination included positron emission tomography scanning using 18-fluoro deoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning using the GO / NOGO two-stimulus experimental paradigm. Throughout the study, fMRI and PET data were obtained for 11 patients with MVA and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). Results In patients with MVA, a decrease in neuronal activity was detected during the execution of actions ("GO" tests) compared with the norm in some brain structures: bilateral anterior and middle cingulate gyrus, additional motor region, postcentral gyrus, left in the islet cortex, on the right in the supramarginal gyrus. When ignoring the second stimulus ("P-P ignore."). A decrease compared with the norm was found bilaterally in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, the wedge, on the right in the cortex of the rolandic operculum and supramarginal gyrus. The detected clusters of decreased neuronal activity when performing actions and ignoring the second stimulus intersect bilaterally in the middle and anterior cingulate cortex, in the left paracentral lobe, and the right supramarginal gyrus. When suppressing actions ("NOGO samples"), no significant differences were found. According to PET, no significant changes in the level of glucose metabolism in patients with MVA compared with the control group were found. Conclusion In patients with MVA, a decrease in neuronal activity was found when performing actions compared to the norm in some brain structures.

Caudate Nucleus Morphology in Tardive Dyskinesia

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Brown ◽  
Thomas White ◽  
J. M. Wardlaw ◽  
Nicholas Walker ◽  
D. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
The Brain

ObjectiveThe objective of this project was to test whether there are differences in the size of the caudate nucleus in schizophrenic in-patients with and without tardive dyskinesia.MethodThe study was cross-sectional in design, examining group differences between institutionalised schizophrenic patients with and without tardive dyskinesia, using non-enhanced computerised tomography scans of the brain. The group comprised 15 schizophrenic patients with persistent tardive dyskinesia and 21 in-patient schizophrenic controls who were group-matched for demographic variables.ResultsThe dyskinetic subjects had a significantly larger left caudate nucleus and tended to have a larger right caudate nucleus than the controls. There were no differences between the groups on any of the measures of cerebral atrophy.ConclusionsThe findings can be understood within the context of models of neostriatal function. It is possible that a larger caudate nucleus could be used to identify patients at risk of developing tardive dyskinesia.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of the association between basal ganglia volumes and psychomotor symptoms in subjects with late life depression undergoing ECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. A. Van Cauwenberge ◽  
F. Bouckaert ◽  
K. Vansteelandt ◽  
C. Adamson ◽  
F. L. De Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
The Right

AbstractPsychomotor dysfunction (PMD) is a core element and key contributor to disability in late life depression (LLD), which responds well to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The neurobiology of PMD and its response to ECT are not well understood. We hypothesized that PMD in LLD is associated with lower striatal volume, and that striatal volume increase following ECT explains PMD improvement. We analyzed data from a two-center prospective cohort study of 110 LLD subjects (>55 years) receiving ECT. Brain MRI and assessment of mood, cognition, and PMD was performed 1 week before, 1 week after, and 6 months after ECT. Volumetry of the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and nucleus accumbens was derived from automatically segmented brain MRIs using Freesurfer®. Linear multiple regression analyses were used to study associations between basal ganglia volume and PMD. Brain MRI was available for 66 patients 1 week post ECT and in 22 patients also six months post ECT. Baseline PMD was associated with a smaller left caudate nucleus. One week after ECT, PMD improved and volume increases were detected bilaterally in the caudate nucleus and putamen, and in the right nucleus accumbens. Improved PMD after ECT did not relate to the significant volume increases in these structures, but was predicted by a nonsignificant volume change in the right globus pallidus. No volume differences were detected 6 months after ECT, compared to baseline. Although PMD is related to lower striatal volume in LLD, ECT-induced increase of striatal volume does not explain PMD improvement.

scholarly journals SYMMETRICITY AND GENDER DIFFERENCES OF KNEE JOINT ADDUCTION MOMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksei Borisovich Malkov ◽  
Stanislav Nikolaevich Kondrat'ev ◽  
Mariya Vasil'evna Abros'kina
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Support Phase

Actuality. Gonarthrosis is one of the most insidious degenerative diseases, which has a number of gait biomechanical predictors. Of these, the most studied is the knee joint adduction moment in the support phase, however, there is a lack of research devoted to the search for its reference values among various age and gender groups. Purpose of research. Evaluation of gender and functional body asymmetry effect on peak moments of knee joint adduction in healthy volunteers. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 38 healthy volunteers (17 men and 21 women) aged 20-45 years old through the motion capture hardware-software complex of the company "Vicon Motion Capture Systems". A comparative assessment was made for the first and second peaks amplitude of the knee joint adduction moment in the support phase. Symmetry was evaluated for both peaks in general, as well as separately for men and women. Gender differences for both peaks were evaluated in total for the right and left lower limbs. Results. The absence of significant intergroup differences in the both peaks amplitude of the knee joint adduction moment between the right and left legs, irrespective of gender (p0.05), was revealed, which demonstrates the symmetry of the adduction forces acting on the knee joint in the support phase. When comparing the both peaks amplitudes of the knee joint adduction moment in men and women, there was absence of significant differences for the first peak (p0.05), but a significantly higher second peak in males (p0.05). Conclusion. The obtained variability aspects of the peak moments of knee joint adduction will find their application in functional diagnostics using the motion capture technology.

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