FUNCTIONING OF THE MENTAL DEFENSES IN THE CONDUCT OF INTERROGATION WITHIN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2161-2165
Author(s):  
Hristo Ivanov Popnikolov
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Subjective Side

From the subject presented in the report it is evident that the pre-trial and the court bodies may, to some extent, be influenced both by the person of the accused and by his competence to participate in the criminal process. In this regard as an expert, the psychologist can offer invaluable assistance. Each expertise would assist all actors involved in the administration of justice on their objective assessment of the offenders, the understanding of their individual protection and the inherent self-justification during procedural actions. The involvement of psychologists in the criminal process is key to establishing the truth in the investigation, because every crime as an act has a subjective side, expressed in the psychic attitude of the perpetrator to the committed act. Establishing these psychological motives is a key point in the criminal process with a view to establishing the truth.Psychological protection stabilizes the personality in the critical conditions of counteraction, related to the elimination of the experiences of tension, anxiety, stress and frustration, leading to maximum mobilization of its resources and at the same time to their overpayment. Thus, the individual who is the subject of the process action is protected against the adverse external influences, but at the cost of a lot of effort and enormous loss of nervous-mental energy, which increases his own vulnerability instead of contributing to its reduction. The appearance and functioning of psychological protection can be significantly impeded by the interaction of the investigator with the accused. Even more complicated is the situation when it breaks the communication contact that may arise in the psychological alienation and self-isolation of the accused due to the desire to protect himself.Protective psychological dominance is a real psychic activity that investigators, investigators, investigators and judges need to take into account in order to effectively deal with their task and to overcome the resistance of the investigated persons and in a time to prove in a lawful and moral way their guilt and participation in the commitment of the crimes.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONING OF THE MENTAL DEFENSES IN THE CONDUCT OF THE INTERROGATION WITHIN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1497-1502
Author(s):  
Hristo Ivanov Popnikolov
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Subjective Side

From the subject presented in the report it is evident that the pre-trial and the court bodies may, to some extent, be influenced both by the person of the accused and by his competence to participate in the criminal process. In this regard as an expert, the psychologist can offer invaluable assistance. Each expertise would assist all actors involved in the administration of justice on their objective assessment of the offenders, the understanding of their individual protection and the inherent self-justification during procedural actions. The involvement of psychologists in the criminal process is key to establishing the truth in the investigation, because every crime as an act has a subjective side, expressed in the psychic attitude of the perpetrator to the committed act. Establishing these psychological motives is a key point in the criminal process with a view to establishing the truth.Psychological protection stabilizes the personality in the critical conditions of counteraction, related to the elimination of the experiences of tension, anxiety, stress and frustration, leading to maximum mobilization of its resources and at the same time to their overpayment. Thus, the individual who is the subject of the process action is protected against the adverse external influences, but at the cost of a lot of effort and enormous loss of nervous-mental energy, which increases his own vulnerability instead of contributing to its reduction. The appearance and functioning of psychological protection can be significantly impeded by the interaction of the investigator with the accused. Even more complicated is the situation when it breaks the communication contact that may arise in the psychological alienation and self-isolation of the accused due to the desire to protect himself.Protective psychological dominance is a real psychic activity that investigators, investigators, investigators and judges need to take into account in order to effectively deal with their task and to overcome the resistance of the investigated persons and in a time to prove in a lawful and moral way their guilt and participation in the commitment of the crimes.

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
Carl C. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
American People ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Federal Assistance ◽  
Children Under 5

REGARDLESS of how we, as individual physicians, may feel about the role of the federal government in the individual practice of medicine, the time has long since passed when we can afford the luxury of ignoring it. In past years the influence of the government on medicine has been mostly in general areas and perhaps least of all in that of pediatrics; but under the present administration there has been a decided change. For this reason it seems necessary to me to call to the attention of all Fellows of the Academy the particular items in President Kennedy's message of February 26, 1962, which relate specifically to the practice of Pediatrics. These may be considered to be three in number: The first of these dealt with the subject of immunization. On this topic President Kennedy said: I am asking the American people to join in a nationwide vaccination program to stamp out these four diseases (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis) encouraging all communities to immunize both children and adults, keep them immunized and plan for the routine immunization of children yet to be born. To assist the states and local communities in this effort over the next 3 years, I am proposing legislation authorizing a program of federal assistance. This program would cover the full cost of vaccines for all children under 5 years of age. It would also assist in meeting the cost of organizing the vaccination drives begun during this period, and the cost of extra personnel needed for certain special tasks.

Connection Joinder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Chakraborty ◽  
Verena Dormann
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Rule 340 above all serves the purpose of procedural economy. The provision makes express mention of the proper administration of justice as well as the avoidance of inconsistent decisions as its purposes. In this regard, the expression ‘in the interests of the proper administration of justice’ refers to procedural economy alone and allows for the consideration of all interests specifically existing in the individual case. Rule 340 allows for the joinder of actions that are related in order to prevent the subject matter of a dispute from being split artificially, thus enabling a single hearing and decision. The joinder of cases is a case management order for which special competences apply. The Registry supports the Court in identifying similar actions (→ Rule 260.2 UPCARoP).

On the Establishment of a State Asylum

1857 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 364-377
Author(s):  
Wm. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost

The revision of the criminal law which has been so wisely conceived, and thus far so ably executed, has yet left one very important part of the subject untouched; although it is one very nearly affecting the administration of justice and the safety of society. It is to be feared that the unwillingness to meddle with a question avowedly beset with difficulties, as this is, may be, to some extent at least, owing to the fact that such widely different opinions have been expressed by those whose judgment must necessarily guide our lawgivers on the subject of criminal lunacy, as it is called. But the difficulty of the subject, and the differences of opinion among those best informed, offer no sufficient reason why the attempt to apply a remedy should be indefinitely postponed, at the cost of so much accumulated cruelty and injustice.

A nutritional analysis of the food rations Martin Frobisher's second expedition, 1577

Polar Record ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (204) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad E. Heidenreich ◽  
Nancy L. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Nutritional Analysis ◽  
Food Procurement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

AbstractA list of the provisions for the second expedition led by Martin Frobisher was produced on 26 March 1577, for 115 men and 18 months. These plans contain an extraordinarily detailed food procurement list: the quantity of each food, the cost of each item, and how the rations were to be allocated. The subject of this paper is a nutritional analysis of the rations on this list. It is assumed that the March list is simply an 18-month version of what was put in place for the eventual seven-month expedition.The individual foods for the expedition were grouped into four basic meal plans, rotated throughout the journey at four ‘meat days’ and three ‘fast days’ per week. Since the amount of each food allocated per person per day was indicated, the quantities of each were able to be converted into modern measures, based on foods thought to be near equivalents to those in Frobisher's time, and the caloric and nutrient intake calculated. The results show a fairly monotonous diet of about 4000 calories on fast days to 5000 calories on meat days. Except for a virtual absence of vitamin C, the diet seems nutritionally adequate over short runs. Inadequacies could occur quickly if some foodstuffs went bad, or if members of the crew were depleted of crucial nutrients, such as ascorbic acid, before the voyage began. On longer journeys this diet would have been inadequate, as it is doubtful if beer (29% of the calories) or butter and cheese (most of the vitamin A) could have lasted for more than six months. An examination of 18 Arctic voyages between Frobisher's first (1576) and that of James (1631–1632) demonstrates that they had similar foodstuffs on board, and that few suffered appreciable dietary problems unless they were gone for more than six months.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FORMING OF CRIMINALISTIC METHODICAL MEANS IN STRUCTURE OF COUNTERACTION TO CRIMES AGAINST JUSTICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
M. V. Shepitko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
State Register ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of formation of criminalistic methodical means in the structure of counteraction to crimes against justice. The place of criminalistic methods in the system of criminalistic knowledge and criminalistics as a science and practice іs with that aim analyzed. The historical backgrounds of the use of guidelines for the investigation of crimes certain types are specified. The problems of constructing special criminalistic methods are considered, concerning its structure, types, dependencies, goal, and the subjects that use it. Particular attention was paid to the study of various scientists positions regarding the individual elements of this technique. It is proved that the formation of special criminalistic methods of investigating a crime against justice, considering the possibility of combining them into a complex of criminalistic methods of crimes against justice, requires the installation of a “consumer” who should apply such criminalistic recommendations in the form of this mehods. Transforming models of the criminal process from inquisitorial to adversarial and mixed leads to the fact that the person investigating the crime receives a new and changing set of functions and powers from the legislator. Often this leads to the fact that the persons conducting a pre-trial investigation of crimes are called differently. According to the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the investigator actually lost procedural independence, which led to the fact that another procedural figures began to perform certain functions of the pre-trial investigation (or decision making at this stage): detective, prosecutor as procedural manager and the investigating judge. Accordingly, the methods for investigating crimes (including crimes against justice) should be formed taking into account the subject to which they apply. A separate problem in the formation of special criminalistic methods has become the growing need for their registration in the relevant state register, which will allow monitoring the effectiveness and quality of investigating such crimes.

scholarly journals Intersubjectivity in Maria Stepanova's poetic cycle «Spolia»

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (24) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Alexei S. Bokarev ◽  
◽  
Yulia V. Tkachuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Modern Artists ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers M. Stepanova's cycle of poems «Spolia» (2015) from the point of view of the relationship between the author and the hero, whose outlooks are clearly getting closer at the non-classical stage of poetics development. The authors analyse the artistic strategy where «I», being the subject of the utterence, delegates the right to speak and/or the right to make judgements to the «other», «connecting» to the «other» for the sake of self-expression. Spolia is based on the complex of meanings connected with the author's consciousness, directed towards the author, but not autonomous in relation to the subject: replication (usually not marked graphically) and «alien» intention (understood as value expression directed at the protagonist) are the most popular forms of speech production in the cycle. The author's powers are thus limited to recording judgements addressed to the heroine and critically interpreting Stepanova's texts (the poet's works must be read as meta-lyrics), and to organizing the space for dialogue. The «voices» of both classical and modern artists (from A. Griboyedov and P. Tchaikovsky to Ven. Yerofeyev and G. Dashevsky) are included in the subjective sphere of «Spolia» as inseparable but not merging with the author's voice. When the purpose of the intertext comes down to expanding the boundaries of the personality, which is no longer understood as a «center», but as a «radius» of the artistic world, it is natural to disregard the individual biography of the writer. The poet's «passport» name, according to Stepanova, is a «synonym» for the epicenter of pain: unity with the world is only bought at the cost of suffering, which opens up to the author the possibility of «no-self-speaking», rare in poetry

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

Evaluation Of The Functional Of Space-Planning Arrangement Of A Building

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Cost

The article focuses on the problem of the lack of objective evaluation of space-planning arrangement of buildings as a creative approach of the architect to the performing of functional tasks by the object. It is proposed to create a methodology for assessing the functional of space-planning solutions of buildings on the basis of numerical simulation of functional processes using the theory of human flows. There is a description of the prospects of using this method, which makes it possible to increase the coefficient of compactness, materials and works saving, more efficient use of space, reduce the cost of the life cycle of the building, save human forces and time to implement the functional of the building. The necessary initial data for modeling on the example of shopping and shopping-entertainment centers are considered. There are three main tasks for algorithmization of the functional of shopping centers. The conclusion is made about necessity of development of a method for objective assessment of buildings from the point of view of ergonomics of space-planning decisions based on the study of human behavior in buildings of different purposes.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

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