TEMEL İNSAN HAKLARI BELGELERININ TARIHÇESI

Author(s):  
Ertuğrul Gazi AKSOY

Özet: İnsan hakları, her bireyin doğuştan sahip olduğu ve devletlerin öngördüğü kanunlara aykırı olmadığı müddetçe kimsenin mahrum bırakılamayacağı olanakları ifade etmektedir. Bu haklar, sahip olduğu değerleri, ırkı, düşüncesi, coğrafyası, dili, dini, cinsiyeti ve rengi bakımından ayrım gösterilmeksizin tüm insanlar için geçerlidir. İnsan hakları, bireyin doğumundan itibaren var olması nedeniyle insanlık tarihi kadar geniş bir geçmişe haizdir. İlkçağlardan modern devlete kadar geçen süreç içerisinde insan hakları için birçok mücadele verilmiştir. İnsanın haklarının var olduğunu sadece bireylerin veya devletlerin girişmiş olduğu eylemler de göremeyiz. Buna bağlı olarak dinlerinde insanın hakları yönünde savları var olmuştur. Buradan hareketle bu çalışma içerisinde, ilk çağlardan günümüze kadar ilan edilmiş temel insan hakları belgelerinin kısa tarihçesi ele alınacak ve bu belgelerin insan hakları bağlamındaki katkılarına değinilecektir. Kuran-ı Kerimdeki ayetler incelenecek ve insan hakları belgelerine nazaran daha köklü bir geçmişe ve muhtevaya sahip olduğu ifade edilecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Temel İnsan Hakları Belgeleri, İnsan Hakları, Kur’an’da İnsan Hakları, Eşitlik, Özgürlük. Abstract: Human rights represent the possibilities that each individual has by birth and that no one can be deprived unless it is contrary to the laws prescribed by the states. These rights apply to all people without discrimination in respect of their values, race, thought, geography, language, religion, gender and color. Human rights have a history as wide as human history because of their existence since the birth of the individual. Many struggles for Human Rights have been given during the period from the early ages to the modern state. We cannot see the existence of human rights only by actions taken by individuals or states. There have been arguments about human rights in the religions. In this study, the brief history of the basic human rights documents that have been published from the early ages to the present day will be discussed and the contributions of these documents in the context of human rights will be addressed. The verses in the Qur’an will be examined and it will be stated that they have a more established background and more content than human rights documents. Keywords: Basic Human Rights Documents, Human Rights, Human Rights in the Qur’an, Equality, Freedom. Аннотация: Адам укуктары эгерде бул мамлекеттер тарабынан каралган мыйзамдарга карама-каршы келбесе, ар бир адам төрөлгөндө ээ болгон жана эч ким ажырата албаган мүмкүнчүлүктөрдү билдирет. Бул укуктар, алардын баалуулуктар, раса, ой жүгүртүү, аймактын, тил, дин, жарым жана түстүү айырмачылыкты жок, бардык адамдарга карата колдонулат. Адам укуктары, адам төрөлгөндөн бери бар, анткени адамзаттын тарыхы сыяктуу эле көп тарыхка ээ. Биринчи учурдан тартып азыркы мамлекеттерге чейин болуп өткөн процессте адам укугу үчүн күрөш көп болду. Биз жеке адамдардын же мамлекеттин алдында жасаган иш-аракеттерде гана адам укуктары бар экенин көрө албайбыз. Ушуга байланыштуу, адам укуктары боюнча алардын дининде макулдашуулар бар болчу. Ошондуктан, бул изилдөөнүн алкагында алгачкы күндөрдөн тартып, биздин күн-гө чейин жарыяланган адам укуктары боюнча негизги документтердин кыскача тарыхы каралат жана адам укуктары контекстке бул документтердин салымы каралат. Курандагы ырлар изилдөө жана адам укуктары боюнча документтерге караганда туңгуюкка өткөн жана мазмуну менен чагылдырылат. Түйүндүү сөздөр: адам укуктары боюнча негизги документтер, адам укуктары, курандагы адам укуктары, теңдик, эркиндик.

Author(s):  
Vera Bermingham ◽  
Carol Brennan

Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. The Calcutt Committee Report on Privacy and Related Matters (1990) defines privacy as ‘the right of the individual to be protected against intrusion into his personal life or affairs, or those of his family, by direct physical means or by publication of information’. While a number of different torts indirectly address wrongful intrusion into another’s privacy, English law has not directly protected privacy in its own right. It was the Human Rights Act 1998 that has made it possible to use breach of confidence in regulating the publication of private information. This chapter looks at the history of the protection of privacy in English law, discusses the current legal approaches to privacy, examines the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on this developing area of law, and evaluates English law on privacy in an international context.


Author(s):  
Eva Balážová ◽  
Jaroslav Ivor ◽  
Marta Hlaváčová

The issue of the legal regulation of criminal offenses against the republic is interesting and concise, as it points to the importance of protection and security of the societal interests of the Slovak Republic. Defining the individual facts of crimes against the republic ensures protection against crimes that may threaten the very democratic establishment of the republic, its sovereignty, security, defense, as well as its territorial integrity. In the Slovak Republic, the area of crimes against the republic has undergone several changes, in particular the recodification of criminal law. The main crimes related to the ideology and organization of the socialist state were changed after 1989. The basis of the recodification changed the system of the Criminal Code, which expressed a change in the priority of protection of basic human rights and freedoms of individuals over the interests of the state. This change points out the position of the values of the citizens of the Slovak Republic in today’s modern state and at the same time regulates the obligations that the citizen of the whole society has.


2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Craig Brittain

AbstractAmong current efforts to deconstruct the category "religion" is a tendency to problematize the secular/sacred distinction with the argument that it is simply the product of the distinctive history of post-Reformation Western Europe. The "secular," it is claimed, is a category employed to legitimize the modern state by establishing a boundary between the authority of the public sphere, in opposition to the privatized sphere of the individual religious practitioner. This paper analyses this argument as it is developed by Talal Asad and contrasts his "genealogy" of the secular with Dominique Colas' genealogy of the concept of "civil society". This comparison raises pragmatic and political concerns about Asad's perspective, and problematizes his description of Islamic subjectivity. The paper concludes by furthering Asad's reading of Walter Benjamin's understanding of allegory, in order to argue for the secular as a tragic category that continues to represent a vital theoretical and political concept.


1971 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Aihe

The rights of the individual in the society have been conceived as natural rights—which in the modern state have no more than a moral force. In the context of a modern state which asserts absolute powers within its borders, it appears idle to suggest as in the traditional natural law theories that there is anything like a law of nature existing independently of and overriding positive law.


Author(s):  
Anna Laputko

It is analyzed that the secular assertion of human dignity, rights and freedoms in its practical plane in certain periods of human history has been and is a great challenge for Christian churches. It is studied that the Christian understanding of human dignity, balancing on the border of its theoretical proclamation and its practical implementation, served to promote the ideas of humanism, its ability to resist destructive, degrading manifestations of social life forms, in the dialectic of social and religious forms of life. It is shown that the dignity of the individual is inseparable from the understanding of his rights and freedoms, and therefore, the struggle for dignity and human rights is an integral part of the preaching of the truths of Christianity.


2020 ◽  
pp. 387-408
Author(s):  
Carol Brennan ◽  
Vera Bermingham

Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. The Calcutt Committee Report on Privacy and Related Matters (1990) defined privacy as ‘the right of the individual to be protected against intrusion into his personal life or affairs, or those of his family, by direct physical means or by publication of information’. While a number of different torts indirectly address wrongful intrusion into another’s privacy, English law has not directly protected privacy in its own right. It was the Human Rights Act 1998 that has made it possible to use breach of confidence in regulating the publication of private information. This chapter looks at the history of the protection of privacy in English law, discusses the current legal approaches to privacy, examines the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on this developing area of law, and evaluates English law on privacy in an international context.


Author(s):  
Тамила Магомедовна Нинциева

В настоящее время вопросы прав человека и равенства вновь начали широко обсуждаться, привлекая внимание всего общества. В данной статье рассматриваются отдельные этапы становления и развития представлений о личных правах и свободах человека и гражданина в различные исторические периоды. currently, human rights and equality issues have again begun to be widely discussed, attracting the attention of the whole society. this article discusses the individual stages of the formation and development of ideas about personal rights and freedoms of man and citizen in various historical periods.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Cope ◽  
Charles Crabtree ◽  
Christopher J. Fariss

AbstractUntil recently, researchers who wanted to examine the determinants of state respect for most specific negative rights (i.e., physical integrity and empowerment rights) needed to rely on data from the CIRI or the Political Terror Scale (PTS). The new Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset offers scholars a potential alternative to the individual human rights variables from CIRI. We analyze a set of key Cingranelli–Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project and V-Dem negative rights indicators, finding unusual and unexpectedly large patterns of disagreement between the two sets. First, we discuss the new V-Dem dataset by comparing it to the disaggregated CIRI indicators, discussing the history of each project, and describing its empirical domain. Second, we identify a set of disaggregated human rights measures that are similar across the two datasets and discuss each project’s measurement approach. Third, we examine how these measures compare to each other empirically, showing that they diverge considerably across both time and space. These findings point to several important directions for future work, such as how conceptual approaches and measurement strategies affect rights scores. For the time being, our findings suggest that researchers should think carefully about using the measures as substitutes.


Author(s):  
Roger Masterman ◽  
Ian Leigh

This chapter briefly traces the history of the Human Rights Act, contextualising the academic and popular debates which have seen the long-term future of the Act placed in doubt. It introduces some of the core constitutional questions addressed in this volume, detailing the individual essaying and highlighting common themes.


Somatechnics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-314
Author(s):  
Debra Bergoffen

The history of human rights is ambiguous and uncertain. Appeals to rights have been used to secure the privileges of the powerful and to legitimate the status quo. Appeals to rights have been used to expose the evils of cruelty and oppression. Given this muddied history we cannot assume that calls for human rights will operate in the name of justice. Cognizant of this history, I argue that human rights discourses can be a force for justice if: (1) we read human rights demands as an attempt to respond to the experience of the destabilizing, destructive and incomprehensible forces that Lacan calls the Real and that Adriana Cavero calls horrorism; and (2) if we use human rights discourses to respond to the trauma of encountering this horror by defining the human dignity and bodily integrity that human rights claims are intended to protect in terms of the dignity and integrity of the vulnerable body. I argue that if we persist in fleeing our vulnerability by using human rights discourse to insist on our autonomous sovereignty we will perpetuate the cycle of violence endemic to human history.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document