scholarly journals Pengaruh Perbandingan Katalis ZSM-5 dengan Katalis Alumina terhadap Pembentukan Biofuel dengan Bahan Baku Minyak Jelantah

FLUIDA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Paqih Purnama Alam ◽  
I Wayah Adithama Nugraha ◽  
Mukhtar Ghozali ◽  
Dian Ratna Suminar
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Very High ◽  
Average Consumption

The average consumption rate of cooking oil in Indonesia on 2019 was 61 million litre. Because of that makes the waste cooking oil produces very high to. To prevent the consument littering the waste cooking oil, we can recycle it to be biofuel with many fraction such as biodiesel, biogasoline, and biokerosene. There are many ways to process the waste cooking oil to be, biofuel one of them is catalytic cracking. This study is induct by observe the biofuel that form from the catalytic cracking process with cooking oil as the base material using a hybrid catalyst ZSM-5/Alumina. The purpose of this study is to observe the influence of ZSM-5 and Alumina ratio as heterogenic catalyst and also the used of the catalyst frequently. The highest conversion of liquid product was produce with value 41,67%  at alumina variation of 17,5%. The used of catalyst frequently will affect the decrease amount of liquid product that produce. The analysis of chemical properties using GC-MS obtained the amount of kerosene 29,917 %; gasoline 3,996 %; and diesel 10,1 %. The other product was carboxylics acids,alcohol, and unidentified compound.   Keyword : Cooking oil, biofuel, ZSM-5, Alumina, catalytic cracking

Green biofuel production via cracking process of waste cooking oil using spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Huu Thinh Tran ◽  
Nguyen Le-Phuc ◽  
Nhat Huy Nguyen ◽  
Tri Van Tran ◽  
Thien Thanh Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Cracking Process

Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) can be a alternative for petroleum-based fuel. In this work, green biofuel was produced via cracking process of high acid value (AV) waste cooking oils (WCOs) over spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalyst collected from Binh Son Refireny. The influences of temperature (450 – 520°C), catalyst-to-WCO ratio (1.5 – 3.5), and acid value (6 - 22 mgKOH/g) have been examined. At 520°C, WCOs can be converted to liquid fuels with the near zero AV (AV 0.5 mgKOH/g) which is independent of AV of WCOs. In all cases, the total yield of profitable products, gasoline-diesel-LPG, reaches 85 wt%, with only 5 - 7 wt% of coke yield. This study demonstrated the simultaneous utilization of multiple hazardous substances, SFCC catalyst and WCOs, as low-cost raw materials for biofuel production.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment of hydrogenated biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using the catalytic cracking and hydrogenation method

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Yano ◽  
Tatsuki Aoki ◽  
Kazuo Nakamura ◽  
Kazuo Yamada ◽  
Shin-ichi Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cooking Oil

Experimental Study on Urea Dosing Strategy for SCR on an Engine Fuelled with Bio-Diesel

2013 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Ren ◽  
Di Ming Lou ◽  
Pi Qiang Tan ◽  
Zhi Yuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Dosing Strategy

Urea dosing strategy for SCR is studied for a diesel engine fuelled with bio-diesel BD20. Bio-diesel BD20 is consisted of biofuels made from waste cooking oil and national V diesel, and biofuels accounts for 20% by volume. The results show that, bio-diesel engine torque decreases by a maximum of 0.55%, brake fuel consumption rate increases by a maximum of 0.53% ,when the urea dosing strategy is adjusted and the engine and SCR are not changed. ESC tests show that, the maximum of NOXconversion ratio is 95%, the minimum is 57%, and the average value is 74% under ESC 12 conditions except idling, the maximum of HC decrease ratio is 74%, the minimum is 35%, and the average value is 55%, when the urea is dosed. NOXemission is 1.55 g/(kW·h) in ESC test, NOXemission is 2 g/(kW·h) in ETC test, and NH3slip is lower than 10×10-6, which proves that the NOXemission from the engine fuelled with BD20 can meet national emission standards V by adjusting the urea dosing strategy.

scholarly journals Influence of Biodiesel Waste Cooking Oil on Produce Hydrocarbon Fraction by Catalytic Cracking Waste Polystyrene and its Application in Gasoline Engine

ALCHEMY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Hendro Juwono ◽  
Ardita Elliyanti ◽  
Firman Satria Pamungkas ◽  
Anas Assari ◽  
Ahmad Hawky Dermawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fraction ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Polystyrene Waste

<p>Liquid fuel from polystyrene waste and waste cooking oil biodiesel was successfully obtained through catalytic cracking using Al-MCM-41/Ceramic. The structure, morphology, acidity, and porosity of the catalyst were studied by SEM-EDX, pyridine FTIR, and N<sub>2</sub> gas adsorption-desorption. The products of catalytic cracking were analyzed using gas chromatogram-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The highest yield was obtained at feedstock variations of 57% (P): 43% (M) with the number of hydrocarbon fractions (&lt; C<sub>7</sub>) is 0.48%, hydrocarbon fraction (C<sub>8 </sub>- C<sub>12</sub>) is 20.99%, and hydrocarbon fraction (&gt; C<sub>12</sub>) is 78.53% in the cracking time 1 hours. Physical characteristics were reported in the form of density, flash point, and caloric value respective. The performance of liquid fuels with commercial fuels, Premium (RON 88), and additives of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) comparisons of 225 (mL): 750 (mL): 18.25 (mL) respectively produce thermal efficiency on engine use gasoline generator sets was 28.22% at the load of 2118 Watts. Based on this research, all variations of feedstock produce liquid fuels that are in accordance with SNI 06-3506-1994 concerning the quality of gasoline fuel types.</p><p> </p>Keywords: Catalytic cracking, polystyrene waste, waste cooking oil, liquid fuel

scholarly journals Catalytic conversion of alcohol-waste vegetable oil mixtures over aluminosilicate catalysts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elvis Tinashe Ganda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
Catalyst Systems

Thermochemical catalytic conversion of ethanol-waste cooking oil (eth-WCO) mixtures was studied over synthesised aluminosilicate catalysts HZSM-5, FeHZSM-5 and NiHZSM-5. The thermochemical reactions were carried out at temperatures of 400° and 450°C at a fixed weight hourly space velocity of 2.5 h-1 in a fixed bed reactor system. Successful conversion of the eth-WCO mixtures was carried out over the synthesised catalyst systems and in order to fully understand the influence of the catalysts, several techniques were used to characterise the synthesised materials which include XRD, SEM, EDS, BET techniques. Results of the catalyst characterisation showed that highly crystalline solid material had been formed as evidenced by the high relative crystallinity in comparison with the commercial HZSM-5 catalyst at 2θ peak values of 7°- 9° and 23°- 24°. The introduction of metals decreased the intensity of the peaks leading to lower values of relative crystallinity of 88% and 90% for FeHZSM-5 and NiHZSM-5, respectively. However this was even slightly higher than the commercial sample which had a value of 86% with respect to HZSM-5 synthesised catalyst taken as reference material. There was no significant change in XRD patterns due to the introduction of metal. Elemental analysis done with energy dispersive spectroscopy showed the presence of the metal promoters (Fe, Ni) and the Si/Al ratio obtained from this technique was 38 compared to the target ratio of 50 set out initially in the synthesis. From the SEM micrographs the morphology of the crystals could be described as regular agglomerated sheet like material. Surface area analysis showed that highly microporous crystals had been synthesised with lower external surface area values ranging from 57.23 m2/g - 100.82 m2/g compared to the microporous surface area values ranging from 195.96 m2/g to 212.51 m2/g. For all catalyst employed in this study high conversions were observed with values of over 93 %, almost total conversion was achieved for some samples with values as high as 99.6 % with FeHZSM-5 catalysts. Despite the high level of conversion the extent of deoxygenation varied with lower values recorded for FeHZSM-5 (25%WCO) at 400°C and NiHZSM-5 (75%WCO) at 450°C with oxygenated hydrocarbons of 19.5% and 19.33% respectively. The organic liquid product yield comprised mostly of aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene, p-xylene and naphthalene) decreased with the introduction of metal promoters with NiHZSM-5 producing higher yields than FeHZSM-5. For the pure waste cooking oil (WCO) feedstock the parent catalyst HZSM-5 had a liquid yield of 50% followed by NiHZSM-5 with 44% and lastly FeHZSM-5 had 40% at 400°C which may be seen to follow the pattern of loss of relative crystallinity. An increase in operating temperature to 450°C lowered the quantity of organic liquid product obtained in the same manner with the HZSM-5 parent catalyst still having the highest yield of 38% followed by Ni-HZSM-5 with 36% and Fe-HZSM-5 having a value of 30% for pure waste cooking oil feedstock which may be attributed to thermally induced secondary cracking reactions. For all catalyst systems with an increase in the content of waste cooking oil from 25% to 100% in the feed mixture there was a linearly increasing trend of the liquid product yield. HZSM-5 catalyst increased from 14% to 50% while FeHZSM-5 increased from 16% to 40% and NiHZSM-5 increased from 12% to 44% at a temperature setting of 400°C with lower values observed at 450°C.Results obtained in this study show the potential of producing aromatics for fuel and chemical use with highly microporous zeolite from waste material such as waste cooking oil forming part of the feedstock.

scholarly journals The Properties of Fuel and Characterization of Functional Groups in Biodiesel -Water Emulsions from Waste Cooking Oil and Its Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Annisa Bhikuning ◽  
Jiro Senda Senda
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

Studying biodiesel as an alternative fuel is important for finding the most suitable fuel for the future. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil is one of the alternative fuels to replace fossil oil. Waste cooking oil is the used oil from cooking and is taken from hotels or restaurants. The emulsion of waste cooking oil and water is produced by adding water to the oil, as well as some additives to bind the water and the oil. In this study, the fuel properties of 100% biodiesel waste cooking oil  are compared to several blends by volume: 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 95% diesel oil (BD5), 10% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 90% of diesel oil (BD10), 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 10% of water and 18.7% of additives (BDW18.7), and 5% of biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 10% of water and 24.7% of additives (BDW24.7). The objectives of this study are to establish the properties and characteristics of the FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) of biodiesel-water emulsions from waste cooking oil and to compare them to other fuels. The chemical properties of the fuels are analyzed by using the ASTM D Method and FTIR  to determine the FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) composition of biodiesel in diesel oil. The results showed that the addition of additives in the water-biodiesel oil increases the viscosity, density, and flash point. However, it decreased the caloric value due to the oxygen content in the fuel.

scholarly journals The Characterization of Synthetic Zeolite for Hydrocracking of Waste Cooking Oil into Fuel

REAKTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Siti Salamah ◽  
Agus Aktawan ◽  
Ilham Mufandi
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Hydrocracking Process ◽  
Hydrocracking Catalyst ◽  
Pore Properties

Zeolite A was used as hydrocracking catalyst to convert cooking oil into potential renewable fuels. The experiment was performed by characterize the diffraction, and pore properties the synthetic zeolite and it was confirmed the synthetic zeolite was zeolite A. The hydrocracking process of waste cooking oil was carried out in semi-fixed batch reactor system at 450° C for 2 hours, under the hydrogen flow of 20 ml/minute. The diffractogram and Si/Al ratio, 1.6, were matched to zeolite A properties, with the surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume were, 1.163 m2/g, 3.93 nm, and 0.001 cc/g, respectively. Liquid product from hydrocracking process of cooking oil consisted of 28.99% alkane and alkene 26.59% that are potential as renewable fuels.Keywords: waste cooking oil; zeolite A; hydrocracking

scholarly journals The Effect of H-USY Catalyst in Catalytic Cracking of Waste Cooking Oil to Produce Biofuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmawati Rosmawati ◽  
◽  
Susila Arita ◽  
Leily Nurul Komariyah ◽  
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil
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