Disinfection in public venues and transport as a way to prevent the spread of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Leonid Vladimirovich Berezhnenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Concept ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Uv Emitters ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Given

The article addresses to the epidemiological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. It covers detailed features and ways of coronavirus infection spreading in public venues, factors that affect the viability of the Coronaviridae family viruses, and the infection after-effects for people. Methodological and technical means of processing public transport and crowded places in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) analysis has been carried out. The assessment of inactivating effectiveness of the basic chemical groups of disinfectants (oxygen-active; chloactive; cationic surfactants) is presented. The features of air masses and surfaces disinfection by the ultraviolet irradiation method are described. Special aspects and factors influencing the installations quality are considered, recommendations for the use of UV emitters of various types are given. The given study presents the general concept and current requirements for disinfection measures in public venues and transport in the context of coronavirus infection spreading. Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, disinfection, novel coronavirus infection, sanitary epidemic control measures, transport, public venues.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of patients with residual SARS-Cov-2 in Linyi, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Pan ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Rensheng Peng ◽  
Mingshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
First Time

AbstractPatients with 2019 novel Coronavirus infection are probably show positive testing results again. In order to better treat these patients and provide basis for further control measures, we analyze the epidemiological outcomes and clinical features of patients with residual Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) in Linyi city. From January 23 to March 31 in 2020, epidemiological and clinical information of confirmed patients are collected for analysis. Stool and pharyngeal swab samples are collected for RT-PCR testing. 64 confirmed patients are included and 17 patients present re-positive testing after discharge. For these 17 patients, 70.59% are family aggregated, the interval between first time of negative testing and first time of re-positive testing is 11.82±3.42 days. There is no difference between patients with continued negative testing results and re-positive testing. After discharge, the interval between first time of negative testing and first time of re-positive testing is associated with severity of disease (p=0.013). Besides, the duration from first time to last time of re-positive testing is associated with exposure or contact history (p=0.049) and severity of disease (p=0.001). The analysis reveals epidemiological characteristics of patients with residual SARS-Cov-2 and provide basis for further control measures.

REVIEW ARTICLE ABOUT PERINATALAND NEONATAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF THE 2019 NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Isra Khalil Mohammed Ali Saeed ◽  
Maha Hussein Mohammed Hamza ◽  
Hiba Hussein Ibrahim ◽  
Esmehan Elkheir Babeker ◽  
Ibrahim Ismail M.Abu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Community Physician ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Who Guideline ◽  
Immature Immune System

An epidemic of new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged in China since December 2019. WHO declared it as a pandemic on March 2020 as it has spread worldwide. Several cases among neonate were observed with rst reported 36 hours after birth. Due to the possibility of the infection and the immature immune system of the neonate there should be preventive and control measures at Neonatal Intensive Care Units. According to WHO guideline and other published articles in COVID-19 in infants and neonate a technical working group including community physician and Pediatricians has put measures for clinical management, prevention and control of COVID-19 in neonates.

scholarly journals An interim review of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e2020006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhyun Ryu ◽  
Byung Chul Chun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

OBJECTIVES: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) from Wuhan, China is currently recognized as a public health emergency of global concern.METHODS: We reviewed the currently available literature to provide up-to-date guidance on control measures to be implemented by public health authorities.RESULTS: Some of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV have been identified. However, there remain considerable uncertainties, which should be considered when providing guidance to public health authorities on control measures.CONCLUSIONS: Additional studies incorporating more detailed information from confirmed cases would be valuable.

scholarly journals Experience of international cooperation in developing epidemic control measures during COVID-19 spread in the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-382
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
T. A. Ruzhentsova ◽  
T. Yu. Krasovskaya ◽  
K. V. Аlbul ◽  
N. V. Beril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Epidemic Control ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The purpose of the study — to identify the factors contributing to the spread of the novel coronavirus infection within the territory of the Republic of Moldova and to develop measures aimed at their elimination.Materials and methods. In May 2020, experts of Rospotrebnadzor (the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing), together with leading employees of institutions participating in planning and implementing measures aimed at prevention of COVID-19 spread, conducted a detailed analysis of epidemic control and curative measures in 10 healthcare organizations in the Republic of Moldova. They assessed the effectiveness of the undertaken actions in in-patient facilities, in laboratories, and in the country in general.Results. The existing approaches to treatment of patients with COVID-19 and to laboratory diagnostics were in line with the common practices; the adequacy of measures was evidenced by the hospital bed capacity and the stock of artificial lung ventilation machines. In the meantime, the experts came across the factors that obviously contributed to the infection spread. Their elimination could intercept some paths of infection and improve the situation.Conclusion. The analysis of the current measures and their results is important for planning and implementing actions aimed at improvement of the epidemic situation in different regions. The collaborative efforts helped slow down the outbreak in the Bender psychoneurological residential facility; outbreaks were prevented in other limited-access institutions; the incidence among healthcare workers decreased; the daily number of new COVID-19 cases decreased to 0–5 during the summer months in the Dniestrian Moldovan Republic. Presently, there is a clear picture of approaches that should be taken to decrease the incidence. Most likely, the experience obtained in the fight against the novel coronavirus infection will be of great use in future if any new variants of viruses emerge.

scholarly journals Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiyun Li ◽  
Sen Pei ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Yimeng Song ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractBackgroundEstimation of the fraction and contagiousness of undocumented novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections is critical for understanding the overall prevalence and pandemic potential of this disease. Many mild infections are typically not reported and, depending on their contagiousness, may support stealth transmission and the spread of documented infection.MethodsHere we use observations of reported infection and spread within China in conjunction with mobility data, a networked dynamic metapopulation model and Bayesian inference, to infer critical epidemiological characteristics associated with the emerging coronavirus, including the fraction of undocumented infections and their contagiousness.ResultsWe estimate 86% of all infections were undocumented (95% CI: [82%-90%]) prior to the Wuhan travel shutdown (January 23, 2020). Per person, these undocumented infections were 52% as contagious as documented infections ([44%-69%]) and were the source of infection for two-thirds of documented cases. Our estimate of the reproductive number (2.23; [1.77-3.00]) aligns with earlier findings; however, after travel restrictions and control measures were imposed this number falls considerably.ConclusionsA majority of COVID-19 infections were undocumented prior to implementation of control measures on January 23, and these undocumented infections substantially contributed to virus transmission. These findings explain the rapid geographic spread of COVID-19 and indicate containment of this virus will be particularly challenging. Our findings also indicate that heightened awareness of the outbreak, increased use of personal protective measures, and travel restriction have been associated with reductions of the overall force of infection; however, it is unclear whether this reduction will be sufficient to stem the virus spread.

COVID-19 associated thromboembolism: causing the respiratory failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1303-1306
Author(s):  
Jannathul Firdous ◽  
Emdadul Haque ATM ◽  
Karpagam T ◽  
Varalakshmi B ◽  
Bharathi V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Thrombotic Complication ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently emerged in China and caused a global pandemic. WHO announced that COVID-19 could be characterised as a pandemic due to unprecedented swift global spread and severity of the outbreak. When infected with the virus, patients usually have a fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, myalgia, headache and sometimes diarrhoea. Updates on molecular characteristics  of SARS-CoV-2, treatment and epidemiological control are more important  to help optimise the disease control measures Thrombotic complication is an essential issue in patients infected with COVID-19. Concomitant venous thromboembolism (VTE) seems to be a potential cause of unexplained deaths in COVID-19 cases. Thrombocytopenia, elevated D-dimer, prolonged prothrombin time, and disseminated intravascular coagulation are the clinical findings related to such condition. In China, anticoagulant therapy in severe COVID‐19 was suggested for improving outcome. Studies showed the urgency for  VTE diagnostic strategies. Aetiology may be multifactorial, and therefore, we  review the available literature relevant to acute venous thromboembolism associated with novel coronavirus infection.

Infection control measures for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In the month of December year 2019, a virus that is known as novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) activate via SARS-CoV 2 pop up in a country that is China and now has unfolded in numerous countries. This virus is mutating continuously and appears as more severe in transmitting infections and mortality. It is found that the transmission rate and mortality due to COVID-19 is different in different regions. It is also reported that pregnant ladies are the prone populace of COVID-19 and are greater in all likelihood to possess problems and proceed to extreme illness. However, direct transference from mom to toddler is still to be approved. Coronavirus discovered (COVID-19) has hastily activated like a world fitness ultimatum. The reason for this in the article is to measure our neighborhood trip of boosting contamination manage rate COVID-19 contamination of each medical care people and sufferers. In addition, it is recommended to make effective legislation to control the spread of viral diseases globally.

scholarly journals The epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Jingmen,Hubei,China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijun Gao ◽  
Yingfu Hu ◽  
Zhiguo Dai ◽  
Feng Xiao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Older Males

SummaryBackgroundSome articles have reported the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, but other cities have rarely been reported. This study explored the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Jingmen.MethodsAll confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the First People’s Hospital of Jingmen are included from January 12 to February 14,2020. Cases were analyzed for epidemiological data and were confirmed by real-time PCR.FindingsOf the 213 cases (108 men and 105 women), 88 (41%) had exposure to Wuhan. The median age was 48 years (range,2-88 years;IQR,35-58.5). Thirty-three severe patients with a median age of 66 years(range,33-82 years,IQR, 57-76) were treated in intensive care units; out of these patients, 66.7 %(22) were men and 19 (57.5%) had chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, stroke, and renal insufficiency. Under the controlled measures, the number of new patients gradually decreased and nearly disappeared after 20 days.InterpretationAll people are susceptible to the COVID-19, but older males and those with comorbid conditions are more likely to have severe symptoms. Even though COVID-19 is highly contagious, control measures have proven to be very effective.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Analysis of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Novel Coronavirus Infection Cases in Yinchuan City of Ningxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Chen ◽  
Wang Xu ◽  
Juanxia Chen ◽  
Chunyan Xia ◽  
Liang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus infection cases in Yinchuan City, Ningxia. Methods: Cases of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus infections discovered in Yinchuan City from February 2020 to April 2020 were taken as the research subjects, epidemiological and laboratory examination data were collected, and statistics and analysis were conducted. Results: Among the 10 cases of asymptomatic infection, 6 were males and 4 were females, with an average age of (34.3±2.1) years; 2 cases had a history of living in Hubei, 8 cases had a history of close contact with confirmed cases; 6 cases had no other underlying diseases while the other 4 cases were accompanied by one or more underlying diseases; 6 cases were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection by serum-specific IgM antibody detection; 4 cases were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection by throat swab testing; there were 4 cases with alanine base transferase level higher than the normal range, 2 cases with aspartate aminotransferase level higher than the normal range, and 3 cases with D-dimer level out of the normal range. Conclusion: The asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus infection has certain clinical characteristics; it is infectious and has insidious characteristics. Even if medical observation is dismissed, monitoring is still needed to prevent the pandemic from rebounding.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Epidemiology Based on Current Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minah Park ◽  
Alex R. Cook ◽  
Jue Tao Lim ◽  
Yinxiaohe Sun ◽  
Borame L. Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

As the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread rapidly across the globe, we aimed to identify and summarize the existing evidence on epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the effectiveness of control measures to inform policymakers and leaders in formulating management guidelines, and to provide directions for future research. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature and preprints on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak following predefined eligibility criteria. Of 317 research articles generated from our initial search on PubMed and preprint archives on 21 February 2020, 41 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Current evidence suggests that it takes about 3-7 days for the epidemic to double in size. Of 21 estimates for the basic reproduction number ranging from 1.9 to 6.5, 13 were between 2.0 and 3.0. The incubation period was estimated to be 4-6 days, whereas the serial interval was estimated to be 4-8 days. Though the true case fatality risk is yet unknown, current model-based estimates ranged from 0.3% to 1.4% for outside China. There is an urgent need for rigorous research focusing on the mitigation efforts to minimize the impact on society.

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