Role of Research Supervisors to Implement Ethical Practices in Research of Social Sciences

The article discusses the role of mass media in creating and supporting a tolerant, democratic society in a country that is multi-ethnic and multi-religious.В статье рассматривается роль СМИ в вопросе создания и поддержки толерантного, демократического общества в стране, отличающейся полиэтничностью и поликонфессиональностью.Ключевые слова: мультикультурное общество; толерантность; национальное согласие; СМИ; информационные риски

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Concluding Summary

10.1093/oso/9780198809524.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Carrie Figdor

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

External Factors ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Conceptual Foundation ◽

The Social ◽

New Research ◽

Internal And External Factors ◽

Conceptual Confusion

Chapter 10 provides a summary of the argument of the book. It elaborates some of the benefits of Literalism, such as less conceptual confusion and an expanded range of entities for research that might illuminate human cognition. It motivates distinguishing the questions of whether something has a cognitive capacity from whether it is intuitively like us. It provides a conceptual foundation for the social sciences appropriate for the increasing role of modeling in these sciences. It also promotes convergence in terms of the roles of internal and external factors in explaining both human and nonhuman behavior. Finally, it sketches some of the areas of new research that it supports, including group cognition and artificial intelligence.

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A Phenomenology of Rhythm

10.1093/oso/9780198828839.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lexi Eikelboom

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Henri Lefebvre ◽

Theoretical Perspectives ◽

The Social ◽

Analytical Importance ◽

Jazz Performance

This chapter proposes a framework for approaching the theological significance of rhythm through phenomenology, prosody, and the social sciences. In accordance with the general categories of phenomenology established by Merleau-Ponty and the “rhythmanalysis” of Henri Lefebvre, the chapter investigates two experiences of rhythm: approaches to analysing the human encounter with rhythm in the reading of poetry and the role of rhythm in social interactions introduced through commonalities between rhythm in conversation and in jazz performance. These explorations establish two features of rhythm that are of analytical importance for the chapters that follow: (1) the synchronic and the diachronic as two necessary but distinct theoretical perspectives on rhythm, each of which emphasizes different features of rhythm and (2) the importance of interruption for understanding rhythm’s significance.

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Indonesian Historical Writing after Independence

10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0029 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ann Kumar

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Historical Writing ◽

Dutch Version ◽

History Writing ◽

Academic History ◽

Artistic Representations ◽

The Social ◽

The Military ◽

Local Perspectives

This chapter discusses Indonesian historical writing after independence. At the time Indonesia became independent, knowledge of academic history-writing was virtually non-existent. Indonesian elites then faced the postcolonial predicament of having to adopt Western nationalistic approaches to history in order to oppose the Dutch version of the archipelago’s history that had legitimized colonial domination. Soon after independence, the military took over and dominated the writing of history in Indonesia for several decades. Challenges to the military’s view of history came from artistic representations of history, and from historians—trained in the social sciences—who emphasized a multidimensional approach balancing central and local perspectives. However, it was only after 2002 that historians could openly criticize the role of the military.

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Reconsidering American Power

10.1093/oso/9780199490585.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Human Rights ◽

Postcolonial Studies ◽

Human Condition ◽

American Power ◽

Global Environmental ◽

The Social ◽

State Sponsorship ◽

To Come

Postcolonial studies, postmodern studies, even posthuman studies emerge, and intellectuals demand that social sciences be remade to address fundamentals of the human condition, from human rights to global environmental crises. Since these fields owe so much to American state sponsorship, is it easier to reimagine the human and the modern than to properly measure the pervasive American influence? Reconsidering American Power offers trenchant studies by renowned scholars who reassess the role of the social sciences in the construction and upkeep of the Pax Americana and the influence of Pax Americana on the social sciences. With the thematic image for this enterprise as the ‘fiery hunt’ for Ahab’s whale, the contributors pursue realities behind the theories, and reconsider the real origins and motives of their fields with an eye on what will deter or repurpose the ‘fiery hunts’ to come, by offering a critical insider’s view.

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The Politics of Global Health Inequalities

The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456818.013.15 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 58-84

Author(s):

Yusra Ribhi Shawar ◽

Jennifer Prah Ruger

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Critical Theory ◽

Global Health ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Health Inequality ◽

The Political ◽

State Of Health ◽

Political Determinants ◽

The Social

Careful investigations of the political determinants of health that include the role of power in health inequalities—systematic differences in health achievements among different population groups—are increasing but remain inadequate. Historically, much of the research examining health inequalities has been influenced by biomedical perspectives and focused, as such, on ‘downstream’ factors. More recently, there has been greater recognition of more ‘distal’ and ‘upstream’ drivers of health inequalities, including the impacts of power as expressed by actors, as well as embedded in societal structures, institutions, and processes. The goal of this chapter is to examine how power has been conceptualised and analysed to date in relation to health inequalities. After reviewing the state of health inequality scholarship and the emerging interest in studying power in global health, the chapter presents varied conceptualisations of power and how they are used in the literature to understand health inequalities. The chapter highlights the particular disciplinary influences in studying power across the social sciences, including anthropology, political science, and sociology, as well as cross-cutting perspectives such as critical theory and health capability. It concludes by highlighting strengths and limitations of the existing research in this area and discussing power conceptualisations and frameworks that so far have been underused in health inequalities research. This includes potential areas for future inquiry and approaches that may expand the study of as well as action on addressing health inequality.

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Social Ontology and Model-Building: A Response to Epstein

Philosophy of the Social Sciences ◽

10.1177/0048393121991728 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 176-192

Author(s):

Nadia Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Social Science ◽

Model Building ◽

Social Ontology ◽

Model Construction ◽

Ontological Commitments ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Social

Brian Epstein has recently argued that a thoroughly microfoundationalist approach towards economics is unconvincing for metaphysical reasons. Generally, Epstein argues that for an improvement in the methodology of social science we must adopt social ontology as the foundation of social sciences; that is, the standing microfoundationalist debate could be solved by fixing economics’ ontology. However, as I show in this paper, fixing the social ontology prior to the process of model construction is optional instead of necessary and that metaphysical-ontological commitments are often the outcome of model construction, not its starting point. By focusing on the practice of modeling in economics the paper provides a useful inroad into the debate about the role of metaphysics in the natural and social sciences more generally.

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Plato on Natural Kinds: The Promethean Method of the Philebus

Apeiron ◽

10.1515/apeiron-2020-0060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

John D. Proios

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Natural Kind ◽

Intelligent Design ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Natural Kinds ◽

Natural World ◽

History Of Philosophy ◽

The World ◽

History Of

Abstract Plato’s invention of the metaphor of carving the world by the joints (Phaedrus 265d–66c) gives him a privileged place in the history of natural kind theory in philosophy and science; he is often understood to present a paradigmatic but antiquated view of natural kinds as possessing eternal, immutable, necessary essences. Yet, I highlight that, as a point of distinction from contemporary views about natural kinds, Plato subscribes to an intelligent-design, teleological framework, in which the natural world is the product of craft and, as a result, is structured such that it is good for it to be that way. In Plato’s Philebus, the character Socrates introduces a method of inquiry whose articulation of natural kinds enables it to confer expert knowledge, such as literacy. My paper contributes to an understanding of Plato’s view of natural kinds by interpreting this method in light of Plato’s teleological conception of nature. I argue that a human inquirer who uses the method identifies kinds with relational essences within a system causally related to the production of some unique craft-object, such as writing. As a result, I recast Plato’s place in the history of philosophy, including Plato’s view of the relation between the kinds according to the natural and social sciences. Whereas some are inclined to separate natural from social kinds, Plato holds the unique view that all naturalness is a social feature of kinds reflecting the role of intelligent agency.

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Exploring the boundaries of rhetoric

Journal of Organizational Change Management ◽

10.1108/jocm-09-2014-0175 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 793-806 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eduard Bonet

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Design Methodology ◽

The Self ◽

History Of Rhetoric ◽

Content Type ◽

History Of ◽

Practical Development ◽

The Subject

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the boundaries of rhetoric have excluded important theoretical and practical subjects and how these subjects are recuperated and extended since the twentieth century. Its purpose is to foster the awareness on emerging new trends of rhetoric. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on an interpretation of the history of rhetoric and on the construction of a conceptual framework of the rhetoric of judgment, which is introduced in this paper. Findings – On the subject of the extension of rhetoric from public speeches to any kinds of persuasive situations, the paper emphasizes some stimulating relationships between the theory of communication and rhetoric. On the exclusion and recuperation of the subject of rhetorical arguments, it presents the changing relationships between rhetoric and dialectics and emphasizes the role of rhetoric in scientific research. On the introduction of rhetoric of judgment and meanings it creates a conceptual framework based on a re-examination of the concept of judgment and the phenomenological foundations of the interpretative methods of social sciences by Alfred Schutz, relating them to symbolic interactionism and theories of the self. Originality/value – The study on the changing boundaries of rhetoric and the introduction of the rhetoric of judgment offers a new view on the present theoretical and practical development of rhetoric, which opens new subjects of research and new fields of applications.

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